RU2671890C1 - Roller element and locking mechanism on its basis (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms. Roller element of the locking mechanism of an automatic weapon consists of coaxial cylinders, external and internal, while the external element interacts with the receiver and the skeleton of the shutter, and the inner – with the thrust surface of the larva of the shutter. Roller elements are installed symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the gate larvae on both sides. As an option, it is possible to use a roller element in the locking mechanism with a shutter core connected to the vapor system, including a larva with a cylindrical roller element mounted on it, whose outer cylinder interacts with the receiver and the larva, and the inner cylinder interacts with the skeleton. Roller element can be installed on both sides of the larva symmetrically about its longitudinal axis.EFFECT: increase in the durability of the elements of the locking device and interacting with them surfaces.5 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of automatic firearms, namely, the design of bolts with rollers mounted on the bolt.

Known locking mechanism of small arms containing a shutter comprising a skeleton and a larva with a pair of rollers symmetrically mounted on it having the ability to interact with the inclined surfaces of the stop of the receiver, the skeleton, as well as with the resistant surface of the larva (see, for example, the description of German patent for invention No. 9555392 with a priority of June 25, 1943 and a description of an additional German patent for invention No. 976428 with a priority of June 30, 1944). The locking mechanism belongs to the group of semi-free shutters. The advantages of this locking mechanism include the symmetry and compactness of the locking unit. When rolling the bolt group, it slides along the inner surface of the receiver, and when unlocked, it experiences high compressive loads from interaction with the surfaces of the larva, emphasis and skeleton, which causes intense wear. It should be noted that due to the fact that the roller interacts when rolling out simultaneously with three surfaces - the larva, the support of the receiver and the skeleton, not only its rotation occurs, but also sliding along the surfaces, which also causes intense wear. Further development of this locking system is technical solutions for US patent for invention No. 2890626 with priority from 05/13/1955 and UK patent for invention No. 875257 with convention priority from 11/24/1956. Semi-free shutter designs described in these patents have the same advantages and flaws as their ancestor.

Known locking mechanism of small arms containing a shutter comprising a skeleton and a larva, as well as a pair of sequentially installed rollers having the ability to interact with each other and rotate towards each other. Moreover, the front roller has the ability to interact with the persistent surface of the larva and the second roller. The second roller has the ability to interact with the first roller, as well as with the inclined surfaces of the stop of the receiver and the skeleton (see, for example, the description of the Swiss patent for invention No. 344337 with convention priority of 03/12/1955). The locking mechanism also belongs to the group of semi-free shutters. The advantage of this locking mechanism can be attributed to the fact that when unlocking the rollers do not have the ability to slide along the interacting surfaces of the shutter and receiver, but can only rotate. Thus, it is possible to avoid wear caused by the sliding roller. However, the locking unit is longer, and the issue of constructive maintenance of the uniform position of the rollers during locking and unlocking is not disclosed.

- 03 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3GJAPgz23c) и

- 06 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEPwmYcCPFs) фирмы Mauser Werke появившиеся в конце Второй мировой войны. Они также имели газоотводную автоматику, но узел запирания был выполнен более коротким, а в качестве запирающих элементов использовались установленные на личинке ролики. Однако, вследствие того, что ролик в такой системе запирания взаимодействует при выкате одновременно с тремя поверхностями - личинки, упора ствольной коробки и остова, происходит не только его вращение, но и скольжение по поверхностям, что вызывает его интенсивный износ.A well-known locking mechanism of automatic and semi-automatic weapons containing a shutter including a skeleton and a larva associated with a gas vent mechanism, as well as a pair of wedges symmetrically mounted on the larva and capable of interacting with the thrust surfaces of the receiver grooves and the guiding surfaces of the skeleton (see, for example, the description of the British patent for the invention No. 507861 with a priority of 01/13/1938). The advantages of this locking mechanism include the simplicity of design and the symmetry of the locking unit, however, the locking elements in the form of wedges have a rather non-technological shape, and the locking unit is made excessively long. The further development of this locking system can include the design of experimental samples

- 03 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3GJAPgz23c) and

- 06 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEPwmYcCPFs) by Mauser Werke, which appeared at the end of World War II. They also had gas exhaust automation, but the locking unit was made shorter, and the rollers mounted on the larva were used as locking elements. However, due to the fact that the roller in such a locking system interacts when rolling out simultaneously with three surfaces - the larva, the support of the receiver and the skeleton, not only its rotation occurs, but also its sliding along the surfaces, which causes intense wear.

The aim of the invention is to maintain the compactness of the locking unit of the shutter with a roller element while increasing the durability of its locking element and surfaces interacting with it.

For this, the roller element of the locking mechanism of the automatic weapon is made comprising coaxially mounted outer cylinder and, with a gap in its opening, an inner cylinder. This allows the outer and inner cylinders to interact when working with different surfaces, i.e. there is a separation of functions. At the same time, at high pressure in the barrel, the inner and / or outer cylinders of the roller element are able to roll along them without sliding when interacting with the respective surfaces.

On the basis of the proposed roller element, for example, designs of locking mechanisms for a semi-free shutter or a shutter for weapons with gas automatic control can be created.

The locking mechanism of the semi-free shutter can be performed as follows.

The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon containing a shutter made in the form of a skeleton and a larva with a roller element mounted on it which is made in the form of an external cylinder mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the receiver and the skeleton, and installed with a gap in the hole of the external cylinder, of the inner cylinder having the ability to interact with the persistent surface of the larva.

The locking mechanism of the shutter weapons with gas automation can be performed as follows.

The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon containing a skeleton and a larva associated with the gas removal mechanism and with a roller element mounted on it, which is made in the form of an external cylinder mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surfaces of the receiver and the larva, and installed with a gap in the hole of the external cylinder, of the internal cylinder having the ability to interact with the surface of the core.

In both versions of the locking mechanisms, the roller elements can be mounted on the larva symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the larva, which will provide a more uniform load on the locking unit.

Thus, due to the coaxial arrangement of the pair of rollers, one of which covers the other, the locking unit is compact, and due to the separation of functions, the rollers do not slip on the surfaces interacting with them, which positively affects their durability.

in FIG. 1 - roller locking element assembly;

in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3-section BB in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a locking mechanism with a roller locking element (half-free shutter locked);

in FIG. 5 - position of the locking mechanism with a roller locking element when rolling the shutter larva by 2 mm;

in FIG. 6 - position of the locking mechanism with a roller locking element during rollback;

in FIG. 7 is a diagram of a locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements (half-free shutter locked);

in FIG. 8 - position of the locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements when the shutter larva rolls back 2 mm;

in FIG. 9 - position of the locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements during rollback;

in FIG. 10 is a view B in FIG. 9;

11 is a diagram of a locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements (the shutter of the weapon with gas automatic control is locked);

in FIG. 12 is a diagram of a locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements at the beginning of unlocking;

in FIG. 13 - position of the locking mechanism with symmetrical roller locking elements when rolling back;

in FIG. 14 is a section GG in FIG. eleven

The roller element of the locking mechanism of an automatic weapon is made comprising coaxially mounted outer cylinder 1 and, mounted with a gap in its hole, an inner cylinder 2.

Consider the examples of the operation of locking mechanisms using the proposed roller element in their design.

Example 1

The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon includes a shutter made in the form of a skeleton 3 and a larva 4 with a roller locking element mounted on it, which is made in the form of an external cylinder 1 mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6 and the skeleton 3, and installed with the gap in the hole of the outer cylinder 1, the inner cylinder 2, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the larva 4.

The locking mechanism refers to half-free shutters. To simplify, we assume that the drummer is fixedly mounted on the skeleton.

When rolling, when the cartridge extracted by the front end of the larva 4 from the magazine or tape (not shown) enters the chamber of the barrel 7, and the larva 4 reaches its extreme forward position and stops, the skeleton 3 continues its movement and interacting with the outer cylinder 1 of the roller locking element, lowers it down into the groove of the receiver 6 until it comes into contact with its inclined thrust surface 5. In this case, the inner cylinder 2, lowering into the groove of the receiver 6, rolls along the thrust surface of the larva 4. The shutter In this case, the skeleton 3 is shifted relative to the larva 4 so that the end of the fixedly connected drummer 8 leaves the cup of the larva and punctures the cartridge capsule (see Fig. 4). A shot is taking place. The bottom of the sleeve begins to press on the cup of the larva 4. When trying to roll back, the larva 4 pushes the roller locking element through the inner cylinder 2. The roller locking element tends to rise rolling along the inclined thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6. When the roller locking element is rolled out, the inner cylinder 2 will roll along the thrust surface of the larva 4, and the outer cylinder 1 will roll along the inclined thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6 and, interacting with the surface of the skeleton 3, push it back. The inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1 will rotate in this case in opposite directions. When the roller locking element interacts with the corresponding surfaces of the larva 4, skeleton 3 and the thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6, energy is redistributed between the larva 4 and the skeleton 3. The larva 4 is braked and the skeleton 3 is accelerated. By the time the bullet leaves the barrel 7, the sleeve will exit the chamber by an amount not exceeding the safe value (about 2 mm) (see Fig. 5). Further, the shutter group refuses by inertia to the extreme rear position and the operation cycle can be repeated.

The operation of the semi-free shutter locking mechanism with a pair of roller locking elements symmetrically mounted on the shutter larva is similar to that described above (see Fig. 7 - Fig. 9).

Example 2

The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon comprises a skeleton 3 connected to the gas-evolving mechanism 9 and a larva 4 with a roller element mounted thereon made in the form of an external cylinder 1 mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6 groove and the larva 4, and installed with a gap in the hole of the outer cylinder 1, the inner cylinder 2, with the possibility of interaction with the surface of the core 3.

To simplify, we assume that the striker is fixedly mounted on the skeleton, and a pair of roller locking elements are symmetrically mounted on the shutter larva.

When rolling, when the cartridge, extracted by the front end of the larva 4 from the magazine or tape (not shown), enters the chamber of the barrel 7, and the larva 4 reaches its extreme forward position and stops, the skeleton 3 continues its movement and interacting with the inner cylinder 2 of the roller locking element, lowers it down into the groove of the receiver 6, where its outer cylinder 1 comes into contact with the thrust surface 5 of the receiver 6. In this case, the outer cylinder 1, lowering into the groove of the receiver 6, rolls along the thrust surface of the masks and 4, and the inner cylinder 2 slides along the surface of the core 3. The gate is locked. In this case, the skeleton 3 is shifted relative to the larva 4 so that the end of the motionlessly connected drummer 8 leaves the cup of the larva and punctures the cartridge capsule (see Fig. 11). A shot is taking place. The bottom of the sleeve begins to put pressure on the cup of the larva 4. But, since the surface of the core 3 abuts against the inner cylinder 2, the shutter does not have the ability to self-unlock. After the bullet passes the gas outlet of the barrel, part of the powder gases will begin to act, for example, on the piston connected by the rod 9 to the skeleton 3. The skeleton 3 will begin to roll back. When the slopes made on it stand opposite the inner cylinders 2, the roller elements will be able to exit the grooves of the receiver 6 by rolling the outer cylinders 1 along the surfaces 5 of the grooves of the receiver 6. By this time, the bullet will leave barrel 7 and the pressure in it will drop to a safe level. Next, the bolt group, in which, when the skeleton 3 rolls back, the larva 4 carries along, refuses by inertia to the extreme rear position and the operation cycle can be repeated.

Thus, due to the coaxial arrangement of the pair of rollers, one of which covers the other, the locking unit is compact, and due to the separation of functions, there is no slipping of the rollers on the surfaces interacting with them at high pressure in the barrel, which positively affects their durability. The proposed roller element can be used in the construction of a wide range of locking mechanisms of firearms.

Claims (5)

1. The roller element of the locking mechanism of an automatic weapon, characterized in that it is made comprising an outer cylinder mounted coaxially and an inner cylinder mounted with a gap in its opening. 2. The locking mechanism of an automatic weapon containing a shutter made in the form of a core and a larva with a roller element mounted on it, characterized in that the roller element is made in the form of an external cylinder mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the receiver and the frame, and installed with a gap in the hole of the outer cylinder of the inner cylinder having the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the larva. 3. The locking mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the roller element, made in the form of mounted coaxially with the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder enveloping it, is installed on both sides of the larva symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal axis. 4. A locking mechanism for an automatic weapon, comprising a skeleton and a larva with a roller element mounted on it, characterized in that the roller element is made in the form of an external cylinder mounted coaxially, having the ability to interact with the thrust surface of the receiver groove and the larva, and installed with a gap in the hole of the outer cylinder of the inner cylinder having the ability to interact with the surface of the core. 5. The locking mechanism according to p. 4, characterized in that the roller locking element, made in the form of mounted coaxially with the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder enveloping it, is installed on both sides of the larva symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal axis.

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