RU2677165C1 - Bolt for small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms. Bolt of small arms includes a body with a percussion mechanism, a mainspring and a slide. Slider is designed for forced cocking-relaxation of the mainspring by means of a two-arm lever, on one arm of which a wheel is installed that contacts the inner guide surface of the ram, the second arm is kinematically connected with the mainspring through the pusher lever.

EFFECT: improving the ergonomic qualities of weapons, facilitating the handling of weapons, improving safety.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, in particular to bolts with locking elements that rotate around the axis of the barrel, for example, longitudinally sliding butterfly valves.

At present, high demands are made on modern small arms, among which special attention is paid to improving the reliability of both the weapon as a whole and its main assembly units and individual structural elements, as well as high ergonomic qualities.

Known hunting carbine Mauser M03 having a bolt described in patent document RU 2276315 C2, F41A 3/22. The bolt for multi-shot weapons contains a larva located in the receiver that can move in the direction of the axis of the barrel and rotate around this axis, and has a sleeve located in the bushing of the hammer, which can make movements along the axis of the barrel, and a tension device for cocking the descent of the war spring acting on the drummer.

This shutter has three significant drawbacks in the field of ergonomics: first, for cocking it requires a lot of effort due to the small shoulder of the cocking lever; secondly, there is a high probability of injury: when the cocking mechanism lever is removed from the combat cock, it moves in the traumatic direction for the finger of the arrow located on the stop button, which, together with the great force transmitted by the combat spring to the cocking lever, can cause injury; thirdly, the cocking direction and the shape of the thrust surface of the lever are not ergonomic and lead to increased pressure on the phalanx of the arrow finger.

Samples of small arms are known: hunting carbine Blaser R8 and Blaser R93, having a bolt described in patent document RU 2407972 C1, F41A 3/42. The shutter is made with a shutter guide, with a locking chamber and a locking sleeve. The locking chamber is located in the shutter guide. The locking sleeve is concentrically located at the rear of the locking chamber and has several locking elements. The locking elements are moved by means of an expansion device between the internal free position and the external locked position for engaging them with the locking groove of the barrel. The expanding device includes a support sleeve. The support sleeve is axially movable between the rear of the locking chamber and the locking sleeve.

The disadvantage of this shutter is the use of complex and expensive parts in production, also, there is a danger of the shutter not closing. The structural arrangement of the said forward-facing shutter provides for the placement of a percussion mechanism, a cocking mechanism, a shot safety mechanism when the bolt is not locked, a locking-unlocking mechanism, a primary stragging mechanism, a safety mechanism, a swinging handle and slide frame guides. Placing so many mechanisms in a limited volume leads to an increased cost of their manufacture, the complexity of maintenance, cleaning and repair.

The closest analogue is the bolt used in the hunting carbine Sauer 404, the invention is described in patent RU 2568007 C2, F41A 3/12, F41A 19/34, F41A 17/42. The shutter for multi-shot weapons contains the chamber body, made with the possibility of rotation inside the housing around its longitudinal axis and moving in the longitudinal direction along the axis of the weapon. The firing pin moves axially in the chamber body. The trigger is located at the rear end of the chamber chamber. To cock the shock spring acting on the firing pin and remove it from the combat cock, a cocking mechanism is activated by the control element. The control element is a cocking handle, made with the possibility of sliding it on the rear side of the trigger. EFFECT: compactness and simplicity of control of the cocking mechanism with alternative control capability.

In the described shutter there is no mechanism for returning the striker for the protrusion of a whisper when the mainspring is lowered, which makes it impossible to re-cock the striking mechanism without unlocking the bore.

To provide an acceptable cocking mechanism, all described gates have a war spring, which allows reliable initiation of igniter caps with an initiation energy of about 0.5 J, which does not guarantee reliable initiation of an igniter capsule with an initiation energy of about 1 J, for example, KV-27.

The objective of the invention is to improve the ergonomic qualities of a weapon with such a bolt, in particular, to reduce the muscular load of the finger of a shooter when cocking the bolt, when using a stiffer combat spring as compared to analogs, to increase the safety and reliability of the weapon, as well as to eliminate the disadvantages described in the described analogs .

The indicated problem is solved with the help of the present invention, according to which, in a bolt for small arms containing a housing in which a percussion mechanism is placed with the possibility of forcing cocking-relaxation of the mainspring using a cocking mechanism actuated by a control element, which is a slider made with the possibility of shifting it along the rear side of the body between the lower unzipped position and the upper cocked position, the cocking mechanism is a two-armed a lever, on one of the shoulders of which the wheel is located, interacting with the inner curved surface of the slider during rotation, and the second shoulder is loaded with a service spring.

In this case, the second lever arm is connected to the mainspring through the pusher lever and the pusher, axially movable, pushed by the mainspring, while the pusher abuts the hammer when the slider is moved to the "lowered" position.

The cocking mechanism comprises a torsion spring rotating the main lever in the direction of action of the mainspring.

There is a shutter latch located on the housing and interacting with the pusher.

In addition, the connection of the shutter tube and the casing is made in the form of a dry connection, and on the sides of the casing there are curly cuts interacting with the thrust protrusions located on the lower side of the slide.

The direction of movement of the slide slider forward and up facilitates manipulation with it, and the shape of its surface is ergonomic and convenient for manipulation.

When the shutter is in the “Locked” position and the slider is in the “Lowered” position, the drummer is retracted and his hook is behind the whisper protrusion, the mainspring is loosened and pulled inside the drummer, the main lever wheel is drawn to the curved side of the slider. When moving the slider to the cocked position, the slider slides along the rear upper surface of the housing, interacting with its internal curved surface with the wheel of the main lever. The wheel starts to run on a curved surface, while turning the main lever clockwise. The shooter overcomes the force of the lever spring and the mainspring. When turning, the main lever acts on the pusher by means of a swivel connection with the pusher lever, transmitting the force compressing the mainspring. At the first stage of the slider’s movement, a gap is selected between the drummer’s hook and the whisper ledge, the drummer engages in a cocking platoon, at the next stage, the mainspring is compressed to its working value, and at the end of its stroke the slider engages with the body through the interaction of curly cuts and thrust ledges , removing the load of the mainspring from the fingers of the arrow and closing it in the body of the percussion mechanism.

The use of a movable support of the first shoulder of the lever using the wheel allows you to use a more rigid fighting spring in the shock mechanism. The increased rigidity of the mainspring is necessary for reliable initiation of igniter caps with an initiation energy of about 1 J, for example, KV-27, in difficult operating conditions. The movable support of the first shoulder of the lever changes the ratio of the shoulders of the forces acting on the lever when cocking the shock mechanism of the load in the range from 1.5 to 2, which allows to reduce the cocking force and compensate for the increasing resistance of the mainspring as it compresses when cocking. The use of a wheel in the upper arm support converts sliding friction into rolling friction, reducing energy losses during cocking, reducing wear and increasing the reliability of the mechanism.

The constant connection of the firing pin and the pusher when the cock moves to the “Deflated” position with the main lever is carried out by means of a swivel connection with the pusher lever. In this case, the main lever is pressed by the torsion spring through the wheel to the curved surface of the slider. When moving the slider to the "lowered" position in any position of the drummer, the gap between the pin and the pusher is first selected. After the clearance is sampled, the force of the mainspring passes from the slider to the firing pin and closes in the firing box, and the lever spring continues to act on the slider, moving the slider to the "lowered" position and moving the firing pin by the protrusion of the whisper. This allows you to re-cock the percussion mechanism without unlocking the barrel, which increases the safety of the weapon, and the forced return of the cock in the "lowered" position in any position of the hammer increases ergonomic properties.

The percussion mechanism is fixed to the shutter tube by means of a dry joint, with the protrusion on the housing located in the groove of the tube and axially fixed in all positions of the shutter tube relative to the housing, except for the disassembling position.

A shutter lock is located on the body. When the slider is in the "lowered" position, it is possible to manually rotate the shutter latch to the disassembling position. When the latch is pressed, the tube is able to rotate, while the protrusion on the housing disengages from the groove of the tube, after which the percussion mechanism can be detached.

In addition, the shutter latch interacts with the pusher: when the slider is in the “Lowered” position, the pusher rotates the shutter latch in such a way that it extends beyond the protrusion of the shutter tube, preventing its rotation. When the slider is in the cocked position, the pusher rotates the shutter lock in the opposite direction, freeing the tube for rotation. However, this position of the latch does not allow to deploy the shutter tube to the disassembly position.

The applied mechanism allows for partial disassembly of a simple separation of the shock mechanism from the locking mechanism, which facilitates its maintenance and cleaning.

When the slider moves the slider to the cocked position and reaches its upper stop, it is given a small clockwise torque, which, coupled with the counteraction of the force of the war spring transmitted through the pusher, the pusher lever and the main lever to the curved surface of the lever, turns the slider clockwise arrow at an angle of 10 ° -15 °. In this case, the stubborn protrusions of the slider go into the curly cutouts of the case, and when the shooter removes the effort from the slider, the force of the mainspring puts the slider on the stops, blocking it in the cocked position. In this case, after firing, the force of the mainspring continues to act on the slider, holding it in the cocked position due to the gap between the pin of the hammer and the pusher.

To lower the slider from the “Cocked” position, the slider must be moved upward by pressing on its back, turning it counterclockwise, removing the stops of the slider from the figured cutouts of the body. Further movement to the “lowered” position the slider carries out under the influence of the lever spring and the mainspring (in the initial part of the stroke).

This eliminates the need for construction

additional locking elements that reduce reliability,

manufacturability and ergonomics of the product.

In more detail, the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict the following:

FIG. 1 - Shutter. “Cocked. The drummer is lowered ”(longitudinal section);

FIG. 2 - Shutter. “Cocked. Drummer cocked ”(longitudinal section);

FIG. 3 - Shutter. “Deflated” (longitudinal section);

FIG. 4 - Two positions of the slider;

FIG. 5 - Shutter latch (axonometry).

Schematically depicted in (Fig. 1), the shutter contains the main lever 1, which is configured to interact with the slider 2 and the pusher 3, the housing 4, the mainspring 5, located in the tube of the hammer 6, whispered 7, mounted in the housing of the trigger mechanism 8.

The housing 4 is coaxially mounted in the tube of the shutter 9 and in the working position of the shutter is fixed by a protrusion (not visible in Fig. 1), which enters the groove 9a. The housing 4 has a beveled rear surface 4a, on which the slider 2 is slidably placed.

The slider 2 has an internal cavity 2A, in which the reinforcement 10 of the slider is installed. The reinforcement 10 of the slider repeats the inner surface of the slider 2 and has a radius wall 10a, which serves as a surface for supporting the main lever 1 when rolling the wheel 11.

The main lever 1 has three holes: in the first hole 1a, an axis 12 is mounted coaxially to the wheel 11; the second hole 1b is necessary for stationary mounting of the main lever 1 to the housing 4 using the axis 13; the third hole 1B is made on the protrusion 1g of the main lever 1 and serves for the interaction of the main lever 1 with the pusher 3 through the lever 14 of the pusher. The main lever is additionally spring-loaded with a torsion spring 15 located on its rotation axis 13.

The pusher lever 14 is a T-shaped part having holes 14a, 14b and longitudinal grooves across the holes (not visible in FIG. 1). In one groove of the lever of the pusher 14 includes a protrusion 1 g of the main lever 1 and is fixed by the axis 16 with the possibility of rotation; in another groove of the lever of the pusher 14 includes the protrusion 3A of the pusher 3 and is fixed by the axis 17.

The main lever 1, the lever 14 of the pusher, the pusher 3 and the hammer 18 are located in the housing 4. The cylindrical part 4b of the housing 4 serves as a guide for moving the hammer 18. The hammer 18 contains a tube 6 of the hammer and the hook 19 of the hammer, coaxially attached to each other. The tube 6 of the firing pin is a guide for the pusher 3 and the mainspring 5. The hook 19 of the firing pin serves to hold the firing pin 18 on the sear 7.

The chamfered rear surface 4a of the housing 4 serves for the longitudinal movement of the slider 2, and has protrusions 4c and grooves 4g (Fig. 4) for fixing the position of the slider 2 with hooks 10b of the slider reinforcement and internal cutouts 10b of the slider reinforcement.

The slider 2 is made in such a way that when you click on its beveled surface 2b (Fig. 1) and move it upward along the inclined surface 4a of the housing 4, the inner cutout 10a of the slider reinforcement is rolled over the surface of the wheel 11, moving the corresponding lever arm 1 up and forward. The hooks 10b of the reinforcement of the slider 10 (Fig. 4) slide along the guide projections 4c of the housing 4, and in the upper position, the hooks 10b of the armature of the slider are fixed in the reciprocal grooves 4 g of the inclined surface of the housing 4.

When this lever 1 acts on the lever 14 of the pusher. Thus, when cocking the slider 2 (moving it up an inclined plane), the pusher 3 presses with its end surface 3b on the mainspring 5 located in the tube 6 of the firing pin (FIG. 2). The mainspring 5 is cocked and presses on the tube 6 of the firing pin, as a result of which the hook 19 of the firing pin, moving in the longitudinal direction, rises to the sear 7 located in the housing of the trigger 8. The catch 19 of the firing pin has a cutout 19a in which it is placed and installed using the axis 20 a wheel 21, designed to reduce frictional forces during rotation of the shutter tube 9. The upper end of the axis 20 is in the groove of the pusher 3 with the aim of interaction with a relaxed mainspring 5.

In the upper position of the slider 2 (Fig. 5), the force of the mainspring 5 rotates the slider 2 around the axis 12 so that it clings to the reciprocal grooves 4 g of the housing 4 (10) of the slider reinforcement 10 of the slider 10 (Fig. 4) and is fixed in the cocked position ( Fig. 2). At the same time, the shutter latch 22 (Fig. 5) releases the shutter tube 9 for rotation by disengaging the protrusion 22a of the shutter latch 22 with the protrusion 9a of the shutter tube.

When you press the slider 2 in the "cocked" position forward and down, the hooks 10b of the reinforcement 10 of the slider disengage from the grooves 4g of the housing 4, and under the action of the main lever, which turns the expanding mainspring 5, the slider 2 moves back down until complete relaxation mainspring, after which the lever 1 continues to move the slider 2 to the "lowered" position (Fig. 1) under the action of the torsion spring 15. In this case, the pusher 3 shifts the rear end of the drummer back from the sear 7. If the slide 2 from the cocked position to the lowered position occurs when the war spring 5 is relaxed and the drummer 18 is deflated, the lever is rotated only by the torsion spring 15 . Along with this, the protrusion 22a of the shutter latch 22 (Fig. 5) extends beyond the protrusion 9a of the shutter tube (Fig. 1), preventing its rotation.

In the cocked position, when the trigger is pulled, the sear 7 is lowered and the striker 18 moves forward under the action of the mainspring 5, striking the bolt of the shutter larva (Fig. 3).

The proposed technical solution was implemented in the manufacture of prototype weapons (hunting carbine KM. 1) containing parts and assembly units according to the present invention, which were subjected to combined tests in various conditions in order to determine the guaranteed resource of products. The tests consisted of firing weapons under various climatic conditions from minus 50 to 50 ° C, in dusty and sprinkling conditions. All tests of weapons samples completed with a positive result. Product samples functioned smoothly, no breakages or defects were detected.

The details of the inventive shutter are quite simple in design, and can be performed according to the traditional proven technology using well-known technical means.

Thus, the design of the shutter allows you to provide the necessary reliability and high ergonomic requirements.

Claims (6)

1. Shutter for small arms, comprising a housing in which a percussion mechanism is placed with the possibility of forcing cocking-relaxation of the mainspring using a cocking mechanism actuated by a control element, which is a slider made with the possibility of shifting it along the rear side of the housing between the lower unzipped position and upper cocked position, characterized in that the cocking mechanism is a two-arm lever, on one of the shoulders of which a wheel is located, while rotating from interaction with the inner curved surface of the slider, and the second arm is loaded mainspring. 2. The bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the second arm of the lever is connected to the mainspring through the pusher lever and the pusher, axially movable, pushed by the mainspring, while the pusher abuts the hammer when the slider is moved to the "lowered" position. 3. The bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the cocking mechanism comprises a torsion spring rotating the main lever in the direction of action of the mainspring. 4. The shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a shutter latch located on the housing and interacting with the pusher. 5. The shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the shutter tube and the housing is made in the form of a crack joint. 6. The shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that on the sides of the housing there are curly cuts interacting with the thrust protrusions located on the lower side of the slide.

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