RU2659296C1 - Device of pneumatic separation, method and installation of dry coal concentration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: proposed group of inventions relates to the field of separation of materials by means of gas or air flows and can be used, in particular, for dry coal enrichment. Pneumatic separation device comprises a mesh conveyor arranged above the conveyor, at least one suction device including a connected nozzle, a settling hopper, a dust collector and a draft fan, at least one supercharger. Nozzle of the supercharger is installed behind the suction device above the mesh conveyor and is arranged to direct the air flow in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor. Dry coal beneficiation plant comprises a hopper, a first feeder located below it, a conveyor belt located at one end thereof below the first feeder and its second end above the shaker, conveyor, located at one end under the vibrating screen, and its second end above the second feeder, arranged to supply coal to the mesh conveyor, above which there is at least one suction device including a connected nozzle, a settling bin, a dust collector and a draft fan, at least one supercharger whose nozzle is mounted behind the suction device above the mesh conveyor and is arranged to direct the air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor, a belt conveyor with one end installed at the outlet of the collecting hopper. Plant is used for the implementation of the method of dry coal enrichment.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency and quality of pneumatic separation.

12 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to the field of separation of materials using gas or air flows and can be used, in particular, for dry coal beneficiation.

The prior art knows the technical solution "Pneumatic separation of bulk materials", which discloses a method of pneumatic separation and installation of pneumatic separation for implementing this method, the installation comprises a mesh conveyor, a suction device installed above the conveyor, including a nozzle, a precipitation hopper connected to the nozzle, a dust collector and fan blower to create a vacuum at the inlet of the suction nozzle, and a supercharger. The supercharger is installed under the belt of the mesh conveyor and its nozzle is located in line with the nozzle of the suction device. The supercharger delivers air upward through the belt of the mesh conveyor (patent application WO 2011/041828, IPC B07B 4/08, B07B 11/00, B07B 9/00, published 04/14/2011).

Common features of the above analogue and the proposed solution are:

- mesh conveyor,

- a suction device including a nozzle, a precipitation hopper connected to the nozzle, a dust collector and a draft fan,

 - supercharger.

Distinctive features of the proposed solution from the above counterpart are:

- loading hopper,

- feeder

- the supercharger nozzle is mounted on top of the conveyor with the possibility of directing the air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the conveyor,

- precipitation hopper is equipped with a rotating shutter,

- the dust collector is equipped with a rotating shutter,

- mesh conveyor is configured to adjust the speed of movement,

- a conveyor belt for collecting a fine fraction of coal under a mesh conveyor.

The prior art knows the technical solution selected as a prototype, which is a pneumatic vacuum separation unit containing a feed hopper, a feeder, a mesh conveyor, a suction device installed above the conveyor, including a nozzle and a precipitation hopper connected to the nozzle, a dust collector and a blower fan to create a vacuum at the inlet of the suction nozzle, and a supercharger. The supercharger is installed under the belt of the mesh conveyor and its nozzle is located in line with the nozzle of the suction device. The supercharger delivers air upward through the belt of the mesh conveyor. (RF patent No. 2456099, IPC B07B 4/08, B03B 4/04, published July 20, 2012)

Common features of the above analogue and the proposed solution are:

- loading hopper,

- feeder

- mesh conveyor,

- a suction device including a nozzle, a precipitation hopper connected to the nozzle, a dust collector and a draft fan,

 - supercharger.

Distinctive features of the proposed solution from the above counterpart are:

- the supercharger nozzle is mounted on top of the conveyor with the possibility of directing the air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the conveyor,

- precipitation hopper is equipped with a rotating shutter,

- the dust collector is equipped with a rotating shutter,

- mesh conveyor is configured to adjust the speed of movement,

- a conveyor belt for collecting a fine fraction of coal under a mesh conveyor.

In known solutions, pneumatic separation is provided by forcing the air flow from bottom to top through the mesh surface of the conveyor to raise the material to be separated above the conveyor belt and create a fluidization effect. This method has low efficiency, since only part of the material rises from the supercharger from below, falling into an area equal to the area of the supercharger nozzle, while this material is only more easily and quickly absorbed by the suction nozzle, and separation involves fractionation and only particles should be sucked in. material with a given density and weight. Such installations can, on the contrary, lead to a decrease in separation efficiency, causing the simultaneous suction of materials with different densities due to the supercharger nozzle located under the mesh conveyor. The objective of the proposed solution is to create a pneumatic separation device, method and installation of dry coal preparation, providing high efficiency and quality of separation. The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the efficiency of the pneumatic separation device, installation and method of dry coal beneficiation. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the pneumatic separation device comprises a mesh conveyor located at least one suction device above the conveyor, including a nozzle, a deposition hopper, a dust collector and a fan blower connected to each other, and at least one blower, the nozzle of which is installed behind the suction device above mesh conveyor and configured to direct the air flow in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor. The nozzle of the suction device is made with the possibility of height adjustment above the surface of the conveyor. The exhaust fan is configured to adjust the rotation speed. The supercharger is made in the form of a fan with the ability to adjust the speed of rotation. The deposition hopper and dust collector are equipped with rotating gates. The mesh conveyor is configured to adjust the speed of movement. The installation for dry coal enrichment contains a feed hopper, a first feeder located below it, a conveyor belt located at its one end under the first feeder and its second end above the vibrating screen, a conveyor located at its one end under the vibrating screen, and its second end above the second feeder located with the possibility of feeding coal to a mesh conveyor, over which there is at least one suction device, including a nozzle, a precipitating hopper, a dust collector, and draft fan connected to each other a howling fan, and at least one supercharger, the nozzle of which is installed behind the suction device above the mesh conveyor and is configured to direct air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor, a belt conveyor installed at one end of the precipitation hopper. Feeders are made in the form of vibrating tables. Installation for dry enrichment additionally contains a conveyor belt located under the mesh conveyor. Installation for dry enrichment additionally contains a conveyor belt located under the dust collector. The method of dry coal enrichment involves the use of a first feed hopper, located below it, the first feeder, from the output of which coal is fed to the first vibrating screen, the first coal supply conveyor, installed below the level of the first vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the second feeder installed at the inlet of the first pneumatic separation devices, the use of a second vibrating screen, to which coal left on the first vibrating screen is fed, a second feed hopper, located below it a third feeder, with the course of which coal is fed to the second vibrating screen, a second coal conveyor, installed below the level of the second vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fourth feeder installed at the inlet of the second pneumatic separation device, and the use of the third vibrating screen, to which the coal left on the second vibrating screen is fed , the third coal feed conveyor, installed below the level of the third vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fifth feeder installed at the inlet of the third pneumatic separation device . In order to understand the claimed technical solution in the framework of this description adopted the following terminology. Pneumatic separation device - a device for the separation (separation) of materials using gas or air flows on the principle of aspiration. Suction device is a pneumatic separation device unit, which includes a nozzle, a precipitating hopper, a dust collector and a draft fan connected to each other. The draft fan is combined with a single air channel with the nozzle of the suction device, a precipitation hopper and a dust collector and serves to create a vacuum at the inlet of the suction device. The nozzle of the suction device is a structural element of the suction device installed at its inlet. It can have a different shape and area. The deposition hopper is a node of the suction device, it includes a body made in the form of a diffuser, where there is a sharp decrease in flow velocity and pressure, and a baffle plate is installed that helps to swirl the flow, located between the suction nozzle and the dust collector, combined with a single air channel through which passes absorbed material. Dust collector - a suction unit assembly made on the principle of a cyclone, includes a cylindrical body in which, under the influence of centrifugal force, dust and small particles of separated material fall out of the air stream that has passed through the precipitation hopper. Draft fan - a fan installed at the outlet of the dust collector, designed to create air flow from the inlet of the suction device to the exit of the dust collector. Supercharger - a device for creating (forcing) an ascending air stream, including a fan and a supercharger nozzle. Supercharger nozzle - a supercharger structural element installed at the supercharger outlet and configured to control the direction and area of the forced air flow. It can be of various shapes and has the ability to adjust the installation angle. Vibrating screen - a screen, a vibrating sieve used to separate lumpy or bulk material into particles of different sizes (fractions) using sieving surfaces with calibrated holes. Feeder - assembly unit for dry coal beneficiation, designed for uniform supply of coal to the conveyor belt. It can be made, in particular, in the form of a vibration tape, a vibration table or a flat platform without vibration.

Mesh conveyor is a pneumatic separation device assembly that includes a continuously moving endless mesh belt, tension and drive drums and support rollers, which serves to transport the separated material.

The implementation of the pneumatic separation device with a supercharger, the nozzle of which is mounted on top of the conveyor with the possibility of directing the air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the conveyor, can improve the efficiency of the device and improve separation, since the material with a lower density (to which coal belongs) under the action of the oncoming air flow slows down and even tightens up. More dense material remains on the tape. Since the nozzle of the supercharger is located behind the nozzle of the suction device (from the point of view of movement of the separated material along the mesh conveyor), slowing down the movement of material with a lower density occurs precisely in the suction zone (under the suction nozzle), which allows the suction device to be more efficiently operated, capturing exactly the desired material with a given density and weight, on which the suction device is configured by adjusting the draft fan. The suction device is configured to adjust the height of the nozzle of the suction device above the surface of the conveyor and the suction area. This embodiment allows you to configure the device for the separation of materials with different densities and, thus, increase the efficiency of the device, since there is no need to change the height of the suction device itself, which is a heavy device fixed permanently on the frame, and quickly and easily change the height and shape precisely the nozzle.

The supercharger fan and draft fan to create rarefaction of air at the inlet of the suction nozzle are made with the possibility of adjusting the rotation speed, which allows you to quickly, without reconfiguring the entire device, to regulate the power of the injected air flow and the created vacuum at the inlet of the suction nozzle, respectively.

The deposition hopper and dust collector are equipped with rotating shutters, which ensures uniform discharge of the separated material, without stopping the operation of the device.

The ability to adjust the speed of movement of the mesh conveyor also allows you to configure the device for the separation of materials with different densities without additional settings for the remaining nodes of the device, thereby ensuring high efficiency of the device.

The loading hopper of the installation for dry coal enrichment at its outlet is equipped with a device that allows for the portioned delivery of bulk material to the first feeder, from which the material enters the conveyor belt for feeding to the vibrating screen and then along the conveyor to the second feeder, from where the coal then goes to the mesh conveyor pneumatic separation devices. Such a supply of coal provides a uniform distribution of coal on the belt of the mesh conveyor and high efficiency of the device and the entire plant as a whole.

The dry coal preparation plant is equipped with belt conveyors installed at the exits of the precipitation hopper, dust collector and under the mesh conveyor, which ensures continuous unloading of enriched coal and fines without stopping the operation of the installation.

To improve the efficiency of the installation for dry coal beneficiation, in the inventive method for dry coal beneficiation, a first feed hopper is used, a first feeder located below it, from which coal is fed to the first vibrating screen, a first coal conveyor installed below the level of the first vibrating screen, with which coal to a second feeder installed at the inlet of the first pneumatic separation device, a second vibrating screen, to which coal is fed, remaining on the first vibrating screen, a second feed hopper located below it is the third feeder, from the output of which coal is fed to the second vibrating screen, the second coal conveyor, installed below the level of the second vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fourth feeder, installed at the inlet of the second pneumatic separation device, and the third vibrating screen, to which the coal left on the second vibrating screen is fed, the third coal supply conveyor installed below the level of the third vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fifth feeder installed at the inlet of the third pneumatic device static separation.

The implementation of the method in such a way as described above provides an increase in the separation efficiency due to the fact that the separated material is divided into three fractions on the vibrating screens, a fraction of the corresponding size is supplied to each of the three pneumatic separation devices, which allows more precise adjustment of each of the devices to the appropriate the size and density of the material and, thus, increase the efficiency of the device and the separation process as a whole.

 In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic separation device, FIG. 2 shows a dry coal preparation plant; FIG. 3 shows a diagram of an implementation of a dry coal preparation process.

The pneumatic separation device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a mesh conveyor (1), a suction device (2), a nozzle (3) of a suction device, a precipitation hopper (4), a dust collector (5), a blower fan (6), a supercharger (7 ), nozzle (8) of the supercharger. The deposition hopper (4) is equipped with a rotating shutter (9). The dust collector (5) is equipped with a rotary shutter (10).

 The dry coal preparation plant shown in FIG. 2 contains a pneumatic separation device (11), a loading hopper (12), a first feeder (13), a conveyor belt (14), a vibrating screen (15), a coal feed conveyor (16 ), a second feeder (17), a belt conveyor (18) for unloading coal, a belt conveyor (19) for unloading dust and a small fraction of coal, a belt conveyor (20) for collecting a small fraction of coal under a mesh conveyor.

In the diagram of the method of dry coal beneficiation, presented in figure 3, the first (21), second (22) loading hopper, the first (23), the second (24), the third (25) vibrating screen, the first (26), second (27), third (28) coal feed conveyor, second (29), fourth (30), fifth (31) feeder, first (32), second (33), third (34) pneumatic separation device.

Next, with reference to figures 1-3 will be described the process of using the inventive device for pneumatic separation and installation for dry coal processing, as well as the implementation of the method of dry coal processing.

The material to be separated, for example coal, sorted into fractions, enters the moving screen conveyor (1) of the pneumatic separation device. When approaching the nozzle (3) of the suction device (2), the material enters the air stream created by the supercharger (7) and directed by the nozzle (8) of the supercharger, which is installed behind the nozzle of the suction device (from the point of view of the movement of the separated material along the mesh conveyor), as a result, material with a lower density brakes, twists and rises above the conveyor belt and is sucked through the nozzle (3) of the suction device, and the heavier material remains on the belt of the mesh conveyor (1).

After passing through the nozzle of the suction device (3), the separated material enters the settling hopper (4), made in the form of a diffuser, where there is a sharp decrease in flow rate and pressure and a baffle plate is installed (not shown in the figures), which contributes to swirling of the flow and active loss of material in sedimentation hopper (4). Further, from the precipitation hopper (4) by means of a rotating shutter (9), made according to the principle of a lock drum, the separated material is discharged from the precipitation hopper (4) onto a conveyor belt (19). Dust and non-precipitated smaller particles fall into the dust collector (5), operating on the principle of a vortex separator (cyclone), settle on its walls and fall into the lower conical part of the dust collector (5), from where they are unloaded by means of a rotary shutter (10) onto a conveyor belt (20) )

Depending on the density of the separated material, the device is adjusted by adjusting the speed of the mesh conveyor (1), the rotation speed of the blower fan (7), the blower fan (6), the installation height and the area of the suction nozzle (3) and the direction of the air flow supplied from the nozzle (8) supercharger (7).

When using the installation for dry coal beneficiation, the coal mass is loaded into the loading hopper (12), from which the material enters the first feeder (13) located below it, then the material enters the conveyor belt (14), one end of which is installed at the output of the first feeder ( 13) and feeding, at its other end, coal onto a vibrating screen (15). A smaller fraction of coal passes through the sieve cells and enters the conveyor (16) of coal supply, one end of which is installed at the exit of the vibrating screen (15). At the other end, a coal feed conveyor (16) is mounted above the second feeder (17), made, for example, in the form of a vibrating table. Moving along the second feeder (17), the coal mass is evenly distributed and fed to the mesh conveyor (1) of the pneumatic separation device (11).

An installation for dry enrichment of coal, as a rule, contains more than one suction device (1) and a supercharger. It is optimal to use three suction devices installed in series along a single mesh conveyor (1) and, accordingly, three superchargers installed behind each of the three suction devices. Each of these devices is adjusted to a predetermined density of the separated material by adjusting the rotation speed of the blower fan (7), blower fan (6), height of the nozzle (3) of the suction device and the area of the suction nozzle (3) and the direction of the air flow supplied from the nozzle (8 ) blower (7).

To improve the efficiency of the equipment of the enterprise for dry coal beneficiation in the inventive method for dry coal beneficiation, the coal mass is loaded into the first (21) feed hopper, from which the material is portioned to the first feeder located below it (13), then the coal is fed to the first vibrating screen (23 ), the smallest fraction of coal passing through the cells of the first vibrating screen (23), the cell size of which is selected for screening the first fraction, goes to the first coal supply conveyor (26), installed below the level of the first vibro ita (23), through which coal is fed to the second feeder (29) mounted on the first input device (32) pneumatic separation, is configured for separation of the first fraction. The larger fraction of coal remaining on the first vibrating screen (23) is fed to the second vibrating screen (24), the mesh size of which is selected for screening the second fraction, which also receives the coal mass from the second feed hopper (22) evenly distributed on the third feeder located below it , then the coal passing through the cells of the second vibrating screen (24) enters the second conveyor of coal supply (27), installed below the level of the second vibrating screen (24), with which coal is fed to the fourth feeder (30) installed at the inlet of the second roystva (33) pneumatic separation, is configured for separation of the second fraction. A large fraction of coal remaining on the second vibrating screen (24) is fed to the third vibrating screen (25), the mesh size of which is selected for screening the third fraction. The coal passing through the cells of the third vibrating screen (25) enters the third conveyor of coal supply (28), installed below the level of the third vibrating screen (25), with which coal is fed to the fifth feeder (31) installed at the inlet of the third device (34) pneumatic separation configured to separate the third fraction. The coarse fraction remaining on the third vibrating screen (25) is removed for further transportation. This method of dry coal beneficiation provides an increase in the efficiency of separation of the material due to a more accurate adjustment of each of the pneumatic separation devices to the appropriate size and density of the material and the execution of the sequence of operations according to the proposed method.

Claims (12)

1. A pneumatic separation device comprising a mesh conveyor located above the conveyor, at least one suction device, comprising a nozzle, a collecting hopper, a dust collector and a blower connected to each other, at least one blower, characterized in that the blower nozzle is installed behind the suction device above the mesh conveyor and configured to direct the air flow in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor. 2. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the suction device is made with the possibility of height adjustment above the surface of the conveyor. 3. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the draft fan is configured to adjust the rotation speed. 4. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supercharger is made in the form of a fan with the ability to adjust the speed of rotation. 5. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precipitation hopper is equipped with a rotary shutter. 6. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dust collector is equipped with a rotary shutter. 7. The pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mesh conveyor is configured to adjust the speed of movement. 8. Installation for dry coal beneficiation, comprising a feed hopper, a first feeder located below it, a conveyor belt located at its one end under the first feeder and its second end above the vibrating screen, a conveyor located at its one end under the vibrating screen, and its second end above the second a feeder located with the possibility of feeding coal to the mesh conveyor, over which there is at least one suction device, including a nozzle, a precipitating hopper, a dust collector and a draft connected to each other Tevi fan, at least one blower nozzle which is installed behind the suction device above the mesh conveyor and is adapted to air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the mesh conveyor, belt conveyor, one end mounted on the outlet of the precipitation of the hopper. 9. Installation for dry coal processing according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a conveyor belt located under the dust collector. 10. Installation for dry coal preparation according to claim 8, characterized in that the feeder is made in the form of a vibrating table. 11. Installation for dry coal processing according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a conveyor belt located under the mesh conveyor. 12. A method of dry enrichment of coal, including the use of a first feed hopper located below it of the first feeder, from the output of which coal is fed to the first vibrating screen, of a first coal supply conveyor installed below the level of the first vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the second feeder installed on the inlet of the first pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, the use of a second vibrating screen, which serves coal, remaining on the first vibrating screen, the second feed hopper, located below it the third pi the atelier, from the output of which coal is fed to the second vibrating screen, of the second coal conveyor, installed below the level of the second vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fourth feeder, installed at the inlet of the second pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, and the use of the third vibrating screen, the coal remaining on the second vibrating screen is fed to the third coal feed conveyor, installed below the level of the third vibrating screen, with which coal is fed to the fifth feeder installed at the inlet of the third pneumatic device eskoy separation according to Claim. 1.

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