RU2656382C1 - Method for producing briquettes and plates for cultivation based on peat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly to the cultivation of plants under controlled conditions. Method includes the preparation of peat mass from high-moor peat, drying and pressing. Drying is carried out to a moisture content of 22–28 mass%. Before pressing, a wetting agent is supplied through the atomizer and the peat mass is mixed. Pressing in briquettes and plates is carried out at a pressure of 150–180 atm. Drying is carried out in a drum drier with a coolant temperature: at the input – 250–350 °C, and at the output – 55–70 °C. After the peat drying process, dolomite flour or chalk, or a mixture of dolomite flour and chalk, is added as a deoxidizer. After the peat drying process, mineral nutrients are added by the dispensers. As a wetting agent are used «FIBA-ZORB^®PLUS» (TURFTECH INTERNATION).

EFFECT: method makes it possible obtaining strong briquettes and peat-based plates for growing plants with high air permeability and moisture capacity.

5 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of plants under controlled conditions.

A known method of manufacturing briquettes based on peat for growing plants, comprising mixing peat with targeted additives, pressing and subsequent drying (at 200-230 ° C) (ed. St. No. 1029922, class A01G 9/10, 1982).

Drying is carried out after pressing, which requires a lot of time.

A known method for the production of molded substrates from peat, involving the preparation of peat, its formation and drying at 80-100 ° C with simultaneous processing of high-frequency currents by a pulsed electromagnetic field with a consequent decrease in the duty cycle of electric field pulses from 10 to 3 with a period of 15-45 s until the substrate reaches a moisture content of 70-75%. Then, the temperature of the coolant is increased to 230-250 ° C with a simultaneous decrease in the electric component of the field strength of the high-frequency current field by 2-4 times. At the outlet, the temperature of the coolant is gradually reduced to 30 40 ° C (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 20133944, class MKI A01G 31/00, 1994).

In the specified method, the drying process is complex, expensive and lengthy.

Closest to the proposed method in technical essence and the achieved results is a method of manufacturing briquettes for growing plants based on peat, comprising mixing peat with a binder and target additives, drying, pressing into briquettes at 150-200 kgf / cm ² according to the invention as peat horse peat is used, it is dried at 140-180 ° C to a residual moisture content of 15-20% before mixing with a binder and target additives, sulfonated lignin is used as a binder, and biog is introduced into the target additives mus Targeted additives can also include sawdust, dolomite flour and mineral nutrients. Peat can be dried to the above humidity in a stream of hot air, for example, in a drying drum (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2028042, class MKI A01G 31/00, 1995).

In this method, a binder is used to ensure the strength of the briquettes, and this adversely affects the moisture capacity and breathability of the briquettes and slabs of peat.

The task is to obtain durable briquettes and slabs based on peat for growing plants with high breathability and moisture capacity.

This problem is solved by the fact that the proposed method of manufacturing briquettes and plates for growing plants based on peat, including the preparation of peat mass from peat, drying and pressing. Drying is carried out to a moisture content of 22-28 wt.%. Before pressing, a wetting agent is fed through a spray gun and mixed with a peat mass. Pressing into briquettes and plates is carried out at a pressure of 150-180 atm.

Drying is carried out in a drying drum with a coolant temperature: at the inlet - 250-350 ° C, and at the outlet - 55-70 ° C.

After the drying process, peat as a deoxidant can be added with dosers dolomite flour or chalk, or a mixture of dolomite flour and chalk.

After the drying process, peat can add mineral nutrients to the dispensers.

And as a wetting agent use "FlBA-ZORB® PLUS" (TURFTECH INTERNATION).

The technical result is that if dried peat is fed to the pressing to a moisture content of 22-28 wt.%, A solid briquette is obtained, the plate is convenient for transportation and storage, and after saturation with moisture, we obtain a substrate with high breathability and good moisture capacity. And if the mass is dried to a moisture content of less than 22 wt.%, Then we get the substrate brittle, not strong enough. And if the mass is dried to a moisture content above 28 wt.%, Then we get a loose substrate, also not strong enough. The drying process is carried out in a drying drum with a coolant temperature: at the inlet - 250-350 ° C, and at the outlet - 55-70 ° C, which allows you to optimize the cost of drying and get durable briquettes, plates without adding binders. If you set the temperature of the coolant at the outlet below 55 ° C, we will not get the required moisture mass of 22-28 wt.% After drying, and if the outlet temperature of the coolant is more than 70 ° C, peat will dry out and uniform saturation with water will be difficult. The use of a wetting agent is necessary to quickly and uniformly saturate the product with moisture and to prevent oversaturation, so the wetting agent is fed through a sprayer in predetermined proportions. As a wetting agent use "FIBA-ZORB® PLUS" (TURFTECH INTERNATION), well-established as effective, safe and profitable. As a result of the tests, they came to the conclusion that pressing into briquettes and plates under a pressure of 150-180 atm satisfies the receipt of a product of the required quality. The use of a deoxidizer is shown for briquettes and slabs with specified acidity values. At the request of customers, mineral nutrients can be added to peat to obtain a ready-made substrate for growing specific plants.

The preparation of peat mass from high peat consists in preliminary screening through a sieve with a mesh size of at least 20 × 20 mm. Separated peat is fed by a conveyor belt to the metering hopper. Then peat is fed by a scraper conveyor to the ABB-0.65 drum dryer. The drying process is carried out at a coolant temperature: at the inlet - 250-350 ° C, and at the outlet - 55-70 ° C. During the movement of dried peat along the conveyor belt, the batchers in predetermined proportions can be applied to the surface of the peat deoxidizer, such as dolomite flour, and mineral nutrients, such as mineral fertilizers, as well as through a spray-wetter. As a wetting agent use "FIBA-ZORB® PLUS" (TURFTECH INTERNATION). At the end of the conveyor belt, the peat mixture is fed to the petal drum for intensive mixing, and then to the storage hopper. From the storage hopper, the peat mixture is fed into the press chamber of the PO-930 press, where briquettes and plates of various shapes and sizes are pressed. Pressing into briquettes and plates is carried out at a pressure of 150-180 atm. Cycle time no more than 30 seconds. Finished products of a given strength are pushed from the press zone to the conveyor belt and fed to the packaging site.

Example 1

“Torfolin-A” is a rectangular plate with a size of 270 × 135 × 30 mm, divided by grooves into separate landing cells with a side of 45 × 45 mm and a seed hole in the center, weight 650 ± 100 g.

Ingredients: Horse milling peat, dried to a moisture content of 22-25%, limestone (dolomite) flour, complex mineral fertilizer with trace elements. The content of nutrients available for plants in terms of 100 g of dry matter, mg:

Trace elements: boron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, zinc, iron.

Acidity (pH) of aqueous extract: 5.5..6.0.

Application.

Before planting, the plate is placed in a pan, water is gradually added until it is completely saturated. The amount of water is 1.6-2 liters. The plate increases in size, maintaining its shape. Seeds are sown in sowing holes, sprinkled with soil or sand. Before planting, the plate is divided into cubes along the grooves and, together with a lump of soil, the plant is planted in a permanent place.

Example 2

"Ecotorf" - is intended for growing seedlings and plants of vegetable, ornamental and flower crops. It is made from dried dried milled peat, pressed in the form of rectangular plates.

Ingredients: Horse peat with a degree of decomposition of up to 15%, limestone (dolomite) flour, complex mineral fertilizer with trace elements.

Application. Two plates with a size of 470 × 150 × 30 mm are placed in a plastic bag, hermetically sealed and stacked in pallets. In greenhouses, packages with plates are laid out and filled with water to saturate. Seedlings are planted in saturated plates for growing products.

Peat is extracted in deposits located in the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region. The unique natural properties of peat, consisting in cleanliness and sterility, the absence of pathogenic, technogenic pollution and pathogenic microorganisms, having the presence of natural humic acids, open up great opportunities for its use in the cultivation of vegetable and other products. Based on this peat, according to the proposed technology, the OA Sokolagrokhimiya enterprise produces products with high breathability and good water-holding ability that does not contain pathogenic microflora. These products can be used as ordinary soil. Moisture-saturated briquettes and slabs are kneaded and filled with containers for growing seedlings or adult plants. Prepared soil can be mixed with mineral soil or river sand.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing briquettes and plates for growing plants based on peat, including the preparation of peat mass from high peat, drying and pressing, characterized in that the drying is carried out to a moisture content of 22-28 wt.%, Before pressing, a wetting agent is fed through a spray gun and peat is mixed weight, pressing into briquettes and plates is carried out at a pressure of 150-180 atm. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the drying is carried out in a drying drum with a coolant temperature: at the inlet - 250-350 ° C, and at the outlet - 55-70 ° C. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after the drying of peat as a deoxidizer, dolomite flour or chalk, or a mixture of dolomite flour and chalk are added as dispensers. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after the drying process of peat, mineral nutrients are added by dispensers. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the wetting agent use "FIBA-ZORB®PLUS" (TURFTECH INTERNATION).