RU2138944C1 - Method for producing nutrient pellets for plant growing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, manufacture of nutrient pellets which may be used as growth promoters for seedlings and flower crops and as organic fertilizer on home's ground and in greenhouses. SUBSTANCE: method involves using peat and bird dung as substrate; drying substrate to air-dry state; grinding peat to particles of 1.0-8.0 mm size and bird dung to particles of 0.5-2.5 mm size; mixing peat and bird dung in mixer on the basis of 3.0-3.5:1.0-1.5 and pelletizing. Pellets produced contain optimum amounts of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, magnesium and a number of microelements. Expensive mineral fertilizers are not added into substrate. Method allows ecologically clean product to be obtained. EFFECT: increased efficiency, convenient package and transportation, improved quality of nutrient pellets and improved ecology control. 4 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the manufacture of pressed nutritional tablets for growing seedlings of agricultural and flower crops, as well as organic fertilizers in the main filling of soils in household plots and in greenhouses.

 Known methods of processing peat in the production of pressed substrates, including the separation of foreign matter, grinding peat and drying it in a fluidized bed, peat is crushed to an average particle size of 0.5-2.5 mm Dried peat is mixed with mineral additives, a bitumen emulsion / a.s is used as a binder. N 397165 and 1701728, MKI A 0 G 9/10 /.

 Known methods for producing granular peat, including grinding, drying the ground peat to a moisture content of 45-55%, mixing and forcing through cylindrical holes / a.c. 1747466, a.s. 664988, C 10 F 7/04 /.

 However, the known methods do not provide adequate quality due to the low strength, low volume of the substrate and low chemical composition due to the inertness of peat without biologically active components.

The closest technical solution to the proposed method is a method for the production of peat nutrient briquettes for growing seedlings, including grinding peat to a particle size of 1-5 mm, mixing the components to obtain a peat mixture and drying in a fluidized bed at 30-40 ^o C to a moisture content of 20-30 %, pressing / a.s. 397165, A 01 G 9/10 /.

 However, this method has the following disadvantages: low quality of the obtained briquettes in strength and especially in chemical composition due to the inertness of peat, the cost of production as a result of the additional use of mineral additives in the form of mineral fertilizers containing small impurities of heavy metals.

 It is known that peat in a freshly produced state does not possess the nutritional properties necessary for growing plants.

 The present invention is to obtain high-quality, environmentally friendly nutritional tablets, high strength and convenient for packaging and transportation due to the small volume.

 The task is realized by the fact that in the method, including grinding the substrate, drying, mixing, pressing, two components are used as the substrate - peat and bird droppings; drying is carried out before grinding, and it is carried out until the substrate is air-dry, and then it is ground, mixed and pressed under pressure / 60 MPa / into tablets. Grinding is carried out to particle sizes: peat from 1.0 to 8.0 mm, bird droppings from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. Mixing of these components at the rate of 3.0 - 3.5: 1.0 - 1.5 is carried out in a mixer.

 The method is as follows.

 Pure peat and bird droppings are dried to an air-dry state to provide tablets of high strength, then they are crushed in a grinder to a particle size of peat from 1.0 to 8.0 mm, bird droppings 0.5 to 2.5 mm. Grinding peat less than 1.0 and more than 8.0 mm does not provide optimal moisture capacity, as well as air and nutritional conditions. Grinding bird droppings of less than 0.5 or more than 2.5 mm reduces the nutritional regime due to uneven adsorption processes of peat.

 After grinding, peat and litter are mixed in a mixer at the rate of 3.0 - 3.5: 1.0 - 1.5. The resulting mixture is unloaded into a conical hopper to a mash, from which it enters the matrix chamber, and pressed under high pressure into tablets, possibly pressing into other types of briquettes. Further, the products go to packaging, and then stored.

 It has been experimentally found that the most favorable effect on the growth and development of plants is exerted by the fractional composition of peat 1.0–8.0 mm, with droppings 0.5–2.5 mm. With a ratio of peat: droppings 3.0 - 3.5: 1.0 - 1.5 tablets in their composition have the optimal amount and ratio of macro- and microelements / nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper , zinc, molybdenum and other elements / without adding expensive mineral components in the form of fertilizers. The resulting product is environmentally friendly, the substrate is biologically active, with a high moisture capacity, degree of homogenization, "gently" and gradually / by "installments" /, mineralizing, works on the plant in the field of nutrition. The resulting products are made in the form of an experimental batch and tested on the experimental fields of the farm No. 1 OmGAU.

 To grow seedlings, the tablet is placed in a container / plastic cup or bag /, filled with water until completely saturated. Plants are planted in this nutrient substrate or seeds of vegetable and flower crops are placed. Peat tablets have high environmental and agrochemical parameters in chemical composition with the greatest agronomic, economic and bioenergetic effect. In dry form, TPT have a mass of 0.05 - 0.250 kg, a size of 65 mm in diameter and 15 - 30 mm in height, during storage and transportation they do not change the strength, shape and desired properties. The proposed method for the manufacture of peat tablets is the cheapest and environmentally friendly. When moistened, the tablet rapidly / 5 - 7 min / and 7 times increases in volume with the formation of optimal parameters of water-air, nutritional regimes necessary for normal plant growth.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of manufacturing nutritious tablets for growing plants, including grinding the substrate, drying, mixing, pressing, characterized in that the substrate is prepared from two components: peat and bird droppings, drying is carried out before grinding, and it is carried out until the substrate is air-dry, and then crushed, mixed and pressed under high pressure.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding is carried out to particle sizes: peat 1.0 to 8.0 mm, bird droppings 0.5 to 2.5 mm  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing is carried out in a mixer at the rate of 3.0 - 3.5: 1.0 - 1.5, and then pressed under pressure of 60 MPa into tablets.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing can be carried out in different types of briquettes.