RU2652820C2 - Method for deep subsurface tillage and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular to the method and tools for deep subsurface tillage. Soil is treated with fork-shaped working elements with a different number of teeth, corresponding to the alternate decompaction of the layers – at the beginning of the plough layer, then the upper layer of the subsurface layer, then the middle and lastly the lower layer of the subsurface layer of the soil (the thickness of each soil layer is 25 cm). Device for deep subsurface tillage consists of blocks of modules. Block of modules consists of separate modules. Module contains alternately installed fork-shaped working elements, driven by a suitable individual drive, having a four-bar linkage with a beam, the crank of which receives rotation from the hydraulic motor. Curvature of the teeth of the working element of the module is the same as the curvature of the epicycloid in the area where the tooth is pressed into the soil.

EFFECT: such a method and design of the device contribute to the increase of moisture reserves in the meter layer of the soil and to the reduction of energy costs for driving fork-shaped working elements of the modules.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tools for land reclamation.

Known methods and implements for subsurface tillage, such as chisel plows, deep-ripper plane cutters [1], plows with cut-off dumps using compression and shear deformations, are more energy-intensive.

Known deep ripper-slitherez [2] and a device for processing highly compacted soils [3] to a depth of 0.8 ... 1 m, as well as devices [4] and [5] equipped with vibrating tips (knives). A common disadvantage of these devices is their high energy intensity.

A tillage tool is known - a prototype [6] for subsurface tillage, by means of a crank, hinges and a lever with a rocker whose executive working bodies describe ellipsoidal cycloids in the soil. The disadvantage of this device is that it produces decompression of soils only at a depth of 0.28 m, that is, less than 1.00 meters.

The purpose of the invention is an increase in moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil and a reduction in energy costs for driving forked working bodies.

This goal is achieved by the fact that deep subsurface tillage is carried out by alternately decompressing the soil layers with fork-shaped working bodies, first to a depth of the arable layer up to 25 cm, then to a depth of the upper arable layer up to 50 cm, then to a depth of the middle arable layer up to 75 cm and last turn to a depth of the lower subsurface layer up to 100 cm. The thickness of each alternately decompressed layer of the subsurface soil horizon is 25 cm and in total provides a softening of the soil layers in the meter layer.

Softening of the arable layer is carried out by fork-shaped working bodies having four teeth each, the upper subculture layer by forked working bodies having three teeth, the middle subsoil layer by forked working bodies having two teeth, and the lower subsoil layer by forked working bodies having each one tooth.

At the same time, conditions are created for better absorption of water into the lower horizons, as well as improved air access to the soil.

At the same time, in the device for deep subsurface tillage containing the left and right modules, fork-shaped working bodies and their drive, which are made in the form of articulated four-link arms with a beam, the position of the cranks of the drive of the fork-shaped working bodies of the right module block are mirror-symmetrical to the position of the cranks of the drive of the forked working bodies the left block of modules relative to the longitudinal axis of the device. Fork-shaped working bodies for processing the arable layer have four teeth, for processing the upper subsoil layer they have three teeth, for processing the middle subsoil layer they have two teeth, for processing the lower subsoil layer they have one tooth. In addition, the curvature of the teeth of the forked workers corresponds to the curvature of the epicycloid at the site of indentation of the tooth into the soil with a layer thickness d.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the relative position of the cranks of the modules and the alternate softening of the soil layers with fork-shaped working bodies (left view).

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the cranks of the modules for the alternate softening of the soil layers with forked working bodies (top view).

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a module for alternating decompression of a soil layer with trajectories of characteristic points of its main links and a fork-like working body.

In FIG. 4 depicts diagrams (front view and left view) of fork-shaped working bodies for alternating decompression of soil strata.

The figures show the following notation:

A is a block of modules for alternating decompression of the arable soil layer with four-tooth fork-shaped working bodies;

B - a block of modules for alternating decompression of the upper layer of the subsoil layer of the soil with trident tooth-like working bodies;

C is a block of modules for alternating decompression of the middle layer of the subsoil horizon of the soil with two-tooth forked working bodies;

D is a block of modules for alternately decompression of the lower layer of the subsoil horizon of the soil with single-tooth forked working bodies;

ω is the angular speed of rotation of the crank;

V is the portable speed of the device for decompression of soil;

a b is the arc of the circle of the trajectory of the balancer of the articulated four-link;

c - an epicycloid of the trajectory of the point of the forked working body in relative motion in the absence of portable movement of the device for alternately softening the layers of the subsoil horizon of the soil;

c 'is the epicycloid of the trajectory of the point of the forked working body in relative motion during the portable movement of the device for sequentially softening the layers of the subsurface soil horizon at a speed V';

сʺ - epicycloid trajectory of the point of the forked working body in relative motion during the portable movement of the device for alternately softening the layers of the subsurface soil horizon at a speed Vʺ;

d is the layer thickness of the subsurface horizon before decompression;

e is the thickness of the layer of the subsurface soil horizon after decompression.

The device consists of the left and right halves of the block of modules A, B, C and D. Each module (Fig. 1) consists of crank 1, connecting rod 2, balancer 3, bed (frame) 4, rocker arm 5 and fork-shaped working body 6. Crank 1 is connected to the upper neck of the connecting rod 2, the lower neck of the connecting rod 2 is connected to the balancer 3.

The forked working body 6 is fixed rigidly to the beam 5, which kinematically is a continuation of the connecting rod 2. The shafts of the cranks 1 are driven by hydraulic motors 7 through the splined bushings 8 to the left half 9 of the module block and to the right half 10 of the module block (Fig. 2). The left half 9 of the block of modules A, B, C and D consists of modules 11, 12, ... 26. The right half of the block of modules A, B, C and D consists of modules 27, 28, ... 42.

The fork-shaped working bodies of the 6 module A block decompress the layer of the arable layer of soil, the fork-shaped working bodies of the 6 module block B soften the upper layer of the subsurface soil horizon, the fork-shaped working bodies of the 6 module block C soften the middle layer of the subsurface soil horizon, the fork-shaped working bodies of the 6 module D block (Fig. . 2) decompress the lower layer of the subsoil horizon of the soil.

To ensure stability relative to the longitudinal axis of the blocks of modules A, B, C and D, the arrangement of the forked working bodies 6 of the right half 10 of the module blocks A, B, C and D is symmetrical to the arrangement of the forked working bodies 6 of the left half 9 of the block of modules A, B, C and D.

To reduce the peak load on the drive of the forked working bodies 6 of the module block A, B, C and D, the position of the crank 1 of the module is shifted relative to the position of the crank 1 of the adjacent module by the angle ϕ = (360 °: n), where ϕ is the angle between the positions cranks 1 of adjacent modules in the direction of rotation of crank 1, n is the number of cranks 1 of the fork-shaped working bodies 6 on the left (right) half of the block of modules A B, C and D. So, for n = 4, the angle between the positions of adjacent cranks 1 ϕ = 90 ° , for n = 3, the angle between the positions of adjacent cranks 1 ϕ = 120 °, for n = 2, the angle between n false neighboring cranks 1 φ = 180 °. The number of splines on the sleeve 8 and on the shaft of the crank 1 is a multiple of the number n.

With the number of modules n = 4 in the left (right) half of the block of modules A, B, C and D, the angles between the positions of the cranks 1 of the adjacent modules ϕ = 90 ° are provided by splined bushings 8, the number of slots of which is a multiple of n.

The symmetry and sequence of pressing the fork-shaped working bodies 6 into the layers and their decompression by the fork-shaped working bodies 6 of the left and right half of the blocks of modules A, B, C and D are achieved by setting the initial positions of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of the module using the splined sleeve 8.

At the left block of modules A, the initial position of the crank 1 of the forked working body 6 of the module 11 is vertical up, the position of the crank 1 of the forked working body 6 of the module 12 is horizontal back, the position of the crank 1 of the forked working body 6 of module 13 is vertical down, the position of the crank 1 of the forked the working body 6 of the module 14 is horizontal forward.

The left module block In the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of the module 15 is horizontal back, the module 16 is vertical down, the module 17 is horizontal forward, and the module 18 is vertical up.

The left block of modules With the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of the module 19 is vertical down, the module 20 is horizontal forward, the module 21 is vertical up, the module 22 is horizontal back.

In the left block of modules D, the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of module 23 is horizontally forward, for module 24 - vertical up, for module 25 - horizontal back, for module 26 - vertical down.

For the right block of modules A, the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of module 27 is horizontal back, for module 28 - vertical down, for module 29 - horizontal forward, for module 30 - vertical up.

The right module block In the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of the module 31 is vertical down, the module 32 is horizontal forward, the module 33 is vertical up, the module 34 is horizontal back.

The right block of modules With the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of the module 35 is horizontal forward, the module 36 - vertical up, the module 37 - horizontal back, the module 38 - vertical down.

For the right block of modules D, the initial position of the crank 1 of the fork-shaped working body 6 of module 39 is vertically upward, for module 40 it is horizontal back, for module 41 it is vertical down, and for module 42 it is horizontal forward.

When operating the sealant of the subsurface soil horizons, the crank 1 (Fig. 3) makes a relative rotational movement along the trajectory of the circle in one revolution and absolute motion along the trajectory of the cycloid. The balancer 3 makes a relative movement along the trajectory of the circular arc. The connecting rod 2 performs upper end relative rotational movement along a trajectory along the circle with the crank 1 and the lower end performs relative movement along the trajectory arc and b together with rocker 3. Any point belonging forked working member 6 located on the yoke 5, moves along the trajectory epicycloid: trajectories c in relative motion, trajectories c 'in absolute motion at a portable speed V', trajectories cʺ in absolute motion at a different portable speed Vʺ of the device for softening of the layers of the subsurface horizon of the soil. The teeth of the fork-shaped working body 6 are pressed into the formation with a thickness d, separate the layer and decompress the formation to a thickness e.

The fork-shaped working bodies of 6 blocks of modules A, B, C and D (Fig. 4) are pressed into the layers and decompressed alternately: first, four-tooth forked working bodies of 6 block of modules A for decompression of the arable layer of soil at a depth of 25 cm, then three-tooth forked working bodies 6 block of modules B for decompression of the upper subsoil layer of soil at a depth of 50 cm, then double-tooth forked working bodies 6 block of modules C for decompression of the middle subsurface soil layer at a depth of 75 cm, the last - single-tooth forked slave organs 6 of the module block D for decompression of the lower subsoil layer at a depth of 100 cm

The energy costs (fuel and lubricant consumption) for driving a fork-shaped working bodies 6 are directly proportional to: resistance to movement of the fork-shaped working bodies during decompression of the layers of the subsurface soil horizon, the number of teeth of the fork-shaped working bodies 6 and the thickness of the formation. The teeth (Fig. 4) of the fork-shaped working bodies 6 of the modular softener of formations of the subsoil horizon of the soil require lower values of force when pushing into the formation of soil than shovel-shaped working bodies. The energy costs (fuel and lubricant consumption) for driving forked workers 6 during decompression of the layers of the subsurface horizon depend on the type of stress to be overcome: the greatest when crushing the soil, the smallest when stretched, and the intermediate when shifting the soil. The reduction of energy costs for driving forked working bodies 6 during decompression of the layers of the subsurface soil horizon is achieved by reducing the number of teeth of the forked working bodies 6 from three in the upper layer of the subsurface soil horizon, to two on average and to one tooth in the lower layer of the subsurface soil horizon.

The curvature of the teeth of the fork-shaped working bodies of the 6 module affects the amount of energy consumed when pressed into the soil layer. The smallest values of energy expenditures when pressing into the soil layer are required for the curvature of the teeth of the working body 6 is the same as the curvature (Fig. 3) of the epicycloids c 'in the section of tooth indentation in the soil layer with a layer thickness d, respectively, at a speed V' and with the curvature of the working teeth of organ 6 is the same as the curvature of the epicycloid cʺ in the area of tooth indentation into the soil with a layer thickness d, respectively, at a different speed Vʺ, and the value of speed Vʺ is greater than the value of speed V '.

Thus, as a result of using the present invention, one should expect:

1. Reductions in crop losses arising from re-compaction of the soil, since crop losses from re-compaction of the soil by only 0.1 kg / dm ³ from the norm are 3 ... 4 c / ha for crops, 30 ... 40 c / ha for tubers.

2. Increases in moisture reserves in a meter soil layer, since a decrease in moisture reserves in a meter soil layer due to overconsolidation leads to a significant shortage of part or death of the entire crop.

3. Reducing energy costs for driving fork-shaped working bodies (fuel and lubricant consumption) during decompression of layers of the subsoil horizon of the soil up to 30%.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2518454 C1, IPC A01B 13/08, 2006.

2. A.S. USSR No. 250564, IPC A01B 13/16, 1968.

3. United States Patent 4,924,946 Int. Cl. ⁵ : A01B 13/08, 05.15.90.

4. EUROPAISCHE PATENTSCHRIFT 0157337 B1 Int. Cl. ⁵ : A01B 13/08, E02F 5/30. 05.16.90.

5. EUROPAISCHE PATENT 0025568 A1 Int. Cl. ³ : A01B 13/14, A01B 17/00, 09/05/80.

6. Patent RU 2321195 C2, IPC A01B 11/00. 2008.

Claims (2)

1. The method of subsurface deep tillage, which includes alternately softening the soil layers, wherein the softening of the soil layers is carried out by forked working bodies moving along the epicycloid, characterized in that the softening of the soil is carried out first to a depth of the arable layer up to 25 cm, then to the depth of the upper arable layer up to 50 cm, then to a depth of the middle subsurface layer to 75 cm, and last to the depth of the lower subsurface layer to 100 cm, and the number of teeth of the forked working organ is reduced from four to one, since they processed arable layer and ending with the lower layer of the subsoil, respectively. 2. Device for subsurface deep tillage, containing the left and right modules with alternately mounted fork-shaped working bodies and an individual drive for each fork-shaped working body, made in the form of articulated four-link arms with a beam, characterized in that the number of teeth of the fork-shaped working bodies is reduced from four to one, starting from the arable layer they are processing and ending with the lower subsurface layer, respectively, with four-tooth forked bodies installed with the possibility of decompression of the arable layer to a depth of 25 cm, three-tooth - of the upper arable layer to a depth of 50 cm, two-tooth - of the middle subsoil layer to a depth of 75 cm and, last but not least - single-tooth - of the lower arable layer to a depth of 100 cm, while the curvature of the teeth of the forks corresponds to the curvature of the epicycloid at the site of tooth indentation into the soil layer with a layer thickness d.

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