RU2651823C1 - Multifuel oven - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heating, in particular to domestic ovens, the supply of which is not limited to solid fuel, in particular to multi-fuel furnaces using liquid, solid and gaseous fuels, including a collapsible, trench, designed to heat the personnel with any type of fuel. Technical result is the expansion of the functionality of field furnaces and domestic heating ovens, including through mobility due to the possibility of delivery by any transport, including dropping from a helicopter, simplicity of bringing from a marching position into a working, versatile liquid burner, capable of operating under excess air pressure from an external source (supercharging), which makes it possible to use it in field repair brigades, in the forge or for warming up volumetric parts before welding, safety of operation including in canvas tents and log floors, increased efficiency of the furnace on both liquid and solid fuels. Multi-fuel furnace is made collapsible and contains smoke box 2 and housing 1. In the upper part of body 1, piston 3 is arranged to be positioned and moved along the vertical axis of body 1. Burner 6 with a pan of evaporator 8 is made to be placed in the lower part of housing 1. Burner 6 with evaporator cup 8 is removable with the formation of a place for the laying of solid fuel.

EFFECT: expansion of the functionality of field furnaces and domestic heating ovens.

7 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating, namely to domestic stoves, the power of which is not limited to solid fuel, in particular to multi-fuel stoves using liquid, solid and gaseous fuels, including collapsible, trench, designed to heat personnel of any type of fuel .

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a technical solution from patent RU 2475678, which is a multi-fuel heating furnace, which contains an axisymmetric housing forming a combustion chamber, the design of which provides for the creation of natural traction, a movable piston located in the combustion chamber, a fuel supply means. The movable control piston divides the combustion chamber into a supra-piston and sub-piston volume and is driven by external influence, an axisymmetric atomizer is located inside the combustion chamber, the design of the combustion chamber includes regular locations for supplying / filling gaseous, liquid and solid fuels.

However, in this design, the liquid fuel operation module is made non-removable, which leads to the limited shape and amount of solid fuel being loaded and the laying method and the inability to use the liquid module on another housing or other furnace when the standard housing is destroyed or damaged. In addition, the non-separable structure used in this solution does not allow the maximum volume of vehicles to be used for delivery and does not allow delivery by landing. The solution also lacks a smoke collector that acts as a spark arrester.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at creating a universal furnace with high performance and wide functionality.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to expand the functionality of field ovens and domestic heating furnaces, including by increasing mobility due to the possibility of delivery by any transport, including helicopter drop-out, ease of bringing from a stowed position to the working position, versatility of a liquid burner that can operate under overpressure air from an external source (pressurization), which makes it possible to use it in field repair teams, in a forge, or for heating volumetric parts before welding, safety of operation, including in canvas tents and timbers, increasing the versatility in the choice of fuel due to the possibility of the furnace working on liquid, solid and gaseous fuels.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the multi-fuel furnace is collapsible and contains a smoke collector and a housing, as well as a piston placed in the upper part of the housing with the possibility of movement along the vertical axis of the housing, and a burner with an evaporator cup located in the lower part of the housing, while the burner with the evaporator bowl is removable with the formation of a place for laying solid fuel.

The piston may include an intake pipe with an air regulator.

The piston may contain a base, on one side of which there are distribution channels connected to the intake pipe, and on the other side of the base are focusing channels connected to the distribution channels and provided with openings led into the combustion zone.

The burner may comprise at least one air duct and at least one air inlet, wherein one end of the air duct is connected to the air inlet and the other end of the air duct is brought into the combustion zone.

The burner evaporator bowl may be provided with an adjustment hole.

A multi-fuel furnace may contain thermal screens.

The evaporator bowl may be equipped with a nozzle for supplying liquid fuel and a nozzle for supplying gas.

Multi-fuel is achieved through two modules: a piston with chimneys for solid fuel and a burner for liquid fuel.

Thanks to a removable burner, diesel fuel, aviation kerosene and waste oil are provided.

The piston with focusing and distribution channels is designed to increase the degree of heating of the combustion zone in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace and reduce specific fuel consumption due to pre-heating of ballast gases. This design provides increased efficiency of the furnace due to heating not only oxygen, but also ballast gases, which are a “cooler” for the combustion zone, to high temperatures. An increase in the range of power adjustments is achieved by shifting the lower boundary of the minimum possible furnace power. The ideal option is the ability to adjust the furnace power from zero to maximum, but in reality this is not achievable. For example, for a 10 kW furnace, the real minimum power is about 4 kW. If you try to reduce the power, the stove will go out, as the temperature in the combustion chamber will become less than the minimum acceptable for maintaining combustion. Using a piston with channels allows you to stretch the range along the lower limit of power, i.e., for example, for a 10 kW furnace, adjustment will be possible not from 4 kW to 10 kW, but from 2.5 kW to 10 kW without fear of flame attenuation.

The ability to install a liquid heat exchanger in the combustion zone without fear of losing the lower limit of minimum loads due to the "subsidence" of the combustion zone is provided due to the emergence of a powerful heat transfer source. Those. Thanks to the use of the heating system of the incoming air in the combustion zone, a quantitative heat reserve appears, which allows the liquid heat exchanger to be introduced into the combustion zone without fear of overcooling the zone to critical values, after which the efficiency drops sharply or the furnace stops completely, because The liquid heat exchanger is a powerful source of heat removal for the combustion zone.

Getting rid of underburning of fuel at small and medium loads due to a drop in temperature in the combustion zone provides a way out of harmful deposits in the chimney that interfere with high-quality heat transfer.

The burner is universal and is also designed to expand the functionality of field stoves and domestic heating stoves operating from natural traction by increasing the number of fuels used: waste oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gas. If necessary, it can be used in field repair shops as a horn for heating parts and accessories. The burner provides an increase in the efficiency of the furnace due to the preliminary heating to high temperatures of not only oxygen, but also ballast gases, which are the “cooler” for the combustion zone. Thanks to the use of this burner, the range of power adjustments is increased due to the shift of the lower limit of the minimum power. There is also the opportunity to install a liquid heat exchanger in the combustion zone without fear of losing the lower limit of minimum loads due to the "subsidence" of the fire zone due to the appearance of a powerful heat transfer source. The burner also provides relief from underburning of fuel at small and medium loads due to a drop in temperature in the combustion zone, which ensures the elimination of harmful deposits that interfere with high-quality heat transfer.

The inventive multi-fuel stove is suitable for use in indoor heaters, where it is undesirable or dangerous to use stoves with a classic air intake. In addition, the inventive device is characterized by the absence of an open flame, the possibility of using it in stand-alone mode, working with both air cooling and a water circuit, silent operation, simplicity of kinematics of control and control bodies in case of automation of processes, reliability, convenience and ease of maintenance, and also the possibility of applying pressurization to increase the “fire density” when used as a powerful means for heating large parts, in a forge workshop or in field repair masks Tersky.

Due to the presence of a smoke collector that acts as a flame / spark suppressor, the operating safety in tarpaulin tents and log flooring is further increased.

In addition, the inventive furnace provides a safe stop in case of an unexpected cessation of combustion, in contrast to the drip and nozzle type furnaces, safe automatic cessation of combustion due to the design features of the furnace during a sharp boiling of fuel in case of accidental ingress / detection of extraneous unnatural impurities, such as water.

The possibility of remote air intake is also provided, for example, for baths, saunas, dryers, painting workshops.

The best implementation of the claimed invention is shown in figures 1-21, which depict:

FIG. 1 - general view of the furnace;

FIG. 2 is a view of a furnace without case sheets for operating on liquid or gaseous fuel;

FIG. 3 is a view of a furnace without case sheets for working on solid fuel with a raised piston;

FIG. 4 is a view of a furnace without case sheets for working on solid fuel with a piston lowered;

FIG. 5 is a general view of the piston;

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the piston;

FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the piston;

FIG. 8 - combined piston with a liquid heat exchanger;

FIG. 9 is a general view of the burner in the housing;

FIG. 10 - a burner without a cup in a section;

FIG. 11 - burner with a bowl of the evaporator;

FIG. 12 - sectional view of a burner with an evaporator bowl;

FIG. 13 - burner during ignition;

FIG. 14 - burner in operation;

FIG. 15 - burner shutdown;

FIG. 16 is a general view of a device with thermal screens;

FIG. 17 is a General view of the device with thermal screens in the open position;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the device with thermal screens in the closed position;

FIG. 19 is a top view of the device with thermal screens in the open position;

FIG. 20 is a general view of the smoke collector;

FIG. 21 is a cross section of a smoke box.

1-21, positions 1-24 show:

1 - housing;

2 - smoke collector;

3 - the piston;

4 - hatch ignition of solid fuel;

5 - inspection hatch;

6 - burner;

7 - air pipe;

8 - evaporator bowl;

9 - fitting;

10 - a stub plate;

11 - air intake pipe;

12 - air supply regulator;

13 - base;

14 - distribution channel;

15 - focusing channel;

16 - air intake hole;

17 - mount the evaporator bowl;

18 - hole for refueling;

19 - an adjustment hole;

20 - gas supply nozzle;

21 - zone "A";

22 - a mixer corresponding to zone "B";

23 - zone "B";

24 - heat shield.

A multi-fuel furnace contains a housing 1, a smoke collector 2, a piston 3. The housing 1 is provided with a frame, legs, housing sheets, a solid fuel ignition hatch 4 and an inspection hatch 5. A burner 6 is located in the housing 1, which contains air pipes 7 and an evaporator bowl 8 with a fitting 9. The furnace is equipped with a blanking plate 10 when using solid fuel. The piston 3 contains an intake pipe 11 with an air supply regulator 12 in this case in the form of a shutter-regulator, a base 13, distribution channels 14 and focusing channels 15. The air supply regulator 12 can be made in the form of a gate valve, a throttle, an axial displacement valve, or an angular valve displacement.

The distribution channels 14 and the focusing channels 15 mounted on the base 13 form two supply lines: distribution and focusing, which ensures crushing of the input air stream, its heating and focusing in the combustion zone. In FIG. 7 arrows show the direction of air movement.

The air supply channels 14-15 may have a spiral shape (Fig. 8), concentric shape. Channels 14-15 can also have any shape, for example, distribution channels are spiral-shaped, and focusing channels are straight, and vice versa. The base 13 and / or distribution 14 and / or focusing channels 15 of the piston 3 may have a water cooling jacket.

The burner 6 contains an axisymmetric housing in which at least one air pipe 7 is mounted, for example, having a knee shape, a mixer 22 and an evaporator bowl 8, which is a fuel storage and / or supply module, which together form their respective bodies with three chambers: a camera primary oxygen supply (zone "A" 21), a secondary oxygen supply chamber (zone "B" 22) and a combustion chamber (zone "C" 23). The burner 6 is also provided with air sampling openings 16, to which one of the ends of the air pipes 7 is connected, the other ends of which are brought into the combustion zone for supplying air to the mixer 22 (zone “B”). The evaporator bowl 8 is equipped with a nozzle 9, a fastener 17 to the burner 6, a hole 18 for refueling with liquid fuel, an adjustment hole 19 and a gas supply nozzle 20 that performs the function of a fuel drain fitting at an excessive level.

The number of air pipes 7 is determined by the needs of the user, the specific configuration of the furnace and the geometry of the combustion chamber.

Duct pipes 7 may have a spiral shape, a cooling jacket. The air intake holes 16 can be combined by a common pipe in order to connect boost.

The evaporator bowl 8 as a fuel storage and / or supply module can be made only for liquid type of fuel, only for gaseous type of fuel, or combined for liquid and gaseous type of fuel. The evaporator bowl 8 may be equipped with a float mechanism, an emergency stop valve for fuel supply, and an automatic start means.

Housing 1 is closed by removable heat shields 24, designed to protect nearby wooden structures or uniforms from direct heat radiation, to create a convection air flow at the surface of heated housing parts to increase the degree of heat removal, to place soldiers' bowlers on the back of the screens to boil water or heat food , creating a given sector of radiation heat by opening the screens to the desired angle.

The device operates as follows.

On liquid fuel (Fig. 2).

The air supply regulator 12 is closed. The nozzle of the chimney 2 is connected to the chimney. To the fitting 9, which performs the function of the adjusting handle of the burner 6, fuel is supplied. As fuel, used oil, diesel fuel, kerosene can be used. Due to the presence of draft in the chimney, air enters the furnace exclusively through air ducts 7 and, receiving a portion of the evaporated fuel in the evaporator bowl 8, enters the mixer 22, where the combustion process takes place.

Adjusting the degree of heating of the furnace is provided by turning the handle of the nozzle 9 relative to the housing 1 from left to right.

When this burner 6 operates as follows. To operate on liquid fuel, the evaporator cup 8 is filled with fuel through an opening 18 connected to the nozzle 9. Zones A, 21, B 22, and C 23 have the same temperature as the environment and are blown with air coming in through the air inlet openings 16 into the air pipes 7. All the air passing through the air pipes 7 is divided in front of the evaporator bowl 8 into two parts. The first part enters the bowl of the evaporator 8 in the zone "A" 21 through the adjustment hole 19 and provides a first oxygen supply circuit. The second part enters through the numerous openings of the mixer 22 into zone “B” and provides a second oxygen supply circuit. The air leaving zone "A" 21 is mixed with air in zone "B" 22 and enters the combustion chamber - zone "C" 23. Further, the air, due to the presence of draft, is removed into the chimney through the chimney 2.

Smoke collector 2 is designed to organize the products of combustion and exhaust to the chimney, extinguish unburnt particles of fuel in the form of sparks, and use it as an additional heat exchanger at the stage of removal of working gases. On Fig shows a smoke collector 2 in section without covers, where the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the flue gases. Exhaust gases from the combustion chamber cannot directly enter the chimney. Passing through the smoke collector 2, the gases several times change their direction and speed, due to which they suddenly lose their charge of thermal energy, passing it through the housing 1 into the surrounding space and extinguishing unburned fuel particles that appear in the form of sparks.

After ignition of the fuel surface in zone "A" 21, the temperature and degree of evaporation of the fuel increases, and when a certain value is reached, the number of vapors entering the mixer 22 (zone "B") becomes redundant. By turning the evaporator cup 8 behind the nozzle 9, the adjustment hole 19 is partially blocked, which normalizes the ratio of fuel and oxygen vapors in the mixer 22 (zone "B"), and, as a result, in zone "B" 23 there is a complete combustion. After warming up and entering the operating mode to maintain full combustion of the working mixture, further adjustment is carried out in the same way - by turning the evaporator bowl 8, which changes the cross section of the adjustment hole 19. The combustion quality is checked by the color of the flame through the inspection hatch 5 in the combustion chamber.

Stop operation of the burner 6 is made by the final rotation of the bowl of the evaporator 8 until the control hole 19 is completely blocked.

On solid fuel (Fig. 3-4).

The burner 6 is removed from the furnace chamber and a dummy plate 10 is installed in its place. The air supply regulator 12 is fully opened, providing oxygen access to the space under the piston 3. If there is no stub plate 10, the fuel will drop out or air will be sucked into the combustion chamber bypassing the regulator 12 air supply.

As the fuel burns out, the piston 3 gradually lowers to the very bottom of the furnace chamber (Fig. 4). For subsequent start-up, it is enough to remove the piston 3, having previously removed the covers and make a new fuel filling. The ignition is carried out through the hatch 4 (Fig. 1).

Air, due to the discharge in the combustion chamber from the chimney, is sucked in through the air supply regulator 12 and then through the intake pipe 11 it enters the distribution channels 14, which crush the air in several directions, resulting in a sharp increase in the heat exchange area, and the passage of oxygen and ballast gases from the inlet to the combustion zone. As a result of an increase in the path length of the incoming air and an increase in the area of heat exchange, the degree of heating of the air sharply increases before it enters the combustion zone.

Thus, already warmed air leaves the focusing channels 15, which maximally favorably affects the increase in the energy load of the combustion zone with the same fuel and under the same external conditions. This procedure allows you to increase the utilization of the heat of fuel, especially in the range of lower calorific value.

Calorific value is the most important basic technical characteristic of a fuel. Distinguish between higher and lower heat of combustion of fuel. The highest heat of combustion Qv is the amount of heat that is released during the combustion of 1 kg of solid (liquid) or 1 m ^{3 of} gaseous fuel. The net calorific value Qн differs from the heat of vaporization higher than the heat of vaporization of the fuel and the moisture generated by the combustion of hydrogen. The greater the moisture content of the fuel, the lower will be the value of Q _H. The net calorific value of the working mass is determined as the result of the difference in the net calorific value of the combustible fuel elements and the heat expended in the evaporation of all moisture. The dimension of the calorific value Q is expressed in kJ / kg or kJ / m ³ . In other words, if the fuel is waterlogged, then the amount of heat generated by the furnace in total will be less, because part of the fuel energy will be spent on the evaporation of moisture from the fuel. That is why the increase in thermal density in the combustion zone due to channels 14-15 allows to avoid lowering temperatures in the combustion zone. Thus, the use of channels makes it possible to increase the coefficient of utilization of the heat of fuel, especially when watering the fuel, which changes the point of lower heat of combustion.

On gaseous fuel.

The operation of the furnace on gaseous fuels is similar to the work on liquid fuels. Gaseous fuel is supplied through a gas supply nozzle 20 to the combustion zone. Ignition and adjustment are also carried out similarly. The furnace is stopped by shutting off the gas supply.

The above examples are special cases and do not exhaust all possible implementations of the claimed invention.

The specialist in the art should understand that various variations of the claimed device do not change the essence of the invention, but only determine its specific embodiment.

Claims (7)

1. A multi-fuel furnace, characterized in that it is collapsible and contains a smoke collector and a housing, as well as a piston placed in the upper part of the housing with the possibility of movement along the vertical axis of the housing, and a burner with an evaporator cup placed in the lower part of the housing, the burner with the evaporator bowl is removable to form a place for laying solid fuel. 2. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston comprises an air intake pipe with an air supply regulator. 3. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the piston comprises a base, on one side of which there are distribution channels connected to the air intake pipe, and on the other side of the base are focusing channels connected to distribution channels and provided with openings in the zone burning. 4. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the burner contains at least one air pipe and at least one air intake hole, wherein one end of the air pipe is connected to the air intake hole and the second end of the air pipe is brought into the combustion zone. 5. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the burner evaporator bowl is equipped with an adjustment hole. 6. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains thermal screens. 7. A multi-fuel furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator bowl is equipped with a fitting for supplying liquid fuel and a nozzle for supplying gas.

Images