RU2232946C1 - Heating furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating apparatuses, namely furnaces for heating, mainly small rooms and greenhouses.

SUBSTANCE: heating furnace includes vertical housing with parting zone for charging fuel, fuel container placed with gap inside housing, preliminary chamber with air intake, burner coaxial relative to preliminary chamber, U-shaped flue. Preliminary chamber with air intake is in the form of cone hopper adjoined without gap to housing; it has mouth open to tray and burner directed to mouth. Flue protrudes out of housing under level of parting zone; housing is embraced by screen.

EFFECT: enhanced operational efficiency of furnace due to lowered quantity of tar on flue walls, increased degree of fuel combustion, easy ash removal, improved reliability of igniting, continuous burning process, enlarged functional possibilities.

15 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating devices, in particular to furnaces for heating mainly small rooms and greenhouses.

Known furnace for heating, containing a vertical housing with a connector for loading fuel, placed inside the housing with a gap fuel container, air intake and U-o6-different chimney [1]. Its disadvantage is the low efficiency, which consists in the fact that in the middle of the combustion process, when moisture leaves the volume of the wood bookmark, the subsequent removal of the resin through the drainage hole in the knee of the chimney is difficult. The resin freezes in the hole through which atmospheric air breaks into the chimney at the same time due to draft. The drainage hole gradually overgrows, the resin hardens in the pipe and clutters the gas cross section.

Closest to the invention, the technical solution is a furnace containing a vertical casing with a fuel loading connector, a fuel container placed inside the casing with a clearance, a preheater with an air intake, and a burner coaxial with the preheater and a U-shaped chimney [2].

The disadvantage of this device is its low efficiency. The existing increase in deposits does not allow to increase the duration of the furnace more than 1 ... 1.5 days (with additional loading of the furnace with firewood). The flat bottom of the furnace and the ash pan creates inconvenience with ash removal and does not exclude the possibility of burning wood at the end of the combustion process. Single charcoal rods remaining from the logs are extinguished in the environment of flue gases at the periphery of the fuel container, since they are located at a distance from the supply of fresh air. The completeness of fuel combustion, therefore, depends on random factors affecting the collapse of coal during combustion. In addition, there remains the difficulty of cleaning the lifting arm of the chimney from tar deposits that accumulate during long-term operation and at some moments associated with unsuccessful ignitions, in the form of a thin transverse film, can completely block the chimney. The latter is associated with the penetration of cold air through the drainage hole into the chimney and the acceleration of resin hardening. Hardening of the resin in the chimney requires revision of the chimney and its mechanical cleaning before kindling (piercing of the film). This operation can be performed only with the complete dismantling of the pipe, which is inconvenient. Neglect of these requirements leads to unsuccessful ignitions and smoke of the room. In addition, in the known design of the stove there is a functional limitation in terms of cooking and use for heating low-volume greenhouses, tents and dormitories, where the direct installation of wood-burning stoves is impossible.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the furnace by reducing the likelihood of fouling of the chimney with resin, increasing the completeness of fuel burnout and facilitating the removal of ash, improving the reliability of ignition and the continuity of the combustion process, expanding functionality.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a heating furnace comprising a vertical housing with a fuel loading connector, a fuel container, a preheater with an air intake, a burner coaxial with the preheater, and a U-shaped chimney according to the invention of a preheater with the air intake is made in the form of a conical hopper adjacent to the housing without a gap, with a neck open to the pallet, with a burner directed to the neck, the chimney is removed from the housing below the level of the connector, and the housing is enclosed in a screen.

In addition, the container is installed within the height from the pre-furnace to the housing connector.

In addition, an oven is installed on the container, structurally similar to the body.

In addition, the container is made of a longitudinally longitudinal profile sheet, which is folded into a cylinder along the generatrix of the housing.

In addition, the container is made in the form of a one-piece pipe with external longitudinal ribs.

In addition, the container is made in height by a set of rings.

In addition, the ribs are made spiral.

In addition, the ribs are staggered in the form of fins.

In addition, the upper part of the detachable housing is made in the form of a gate feeder.

In addition, the screen is made in the form of a caisson with a cover.

In addition, the caisson is equipped with coolant inlet and outlet pipes.

In addition, the outlet of the coolant is connected to the distributor, made in the form of overlapping with through windows above the spreading surface of the coolant, and the size of the windows and their placement is regulated depending on the direction of movement and the amount of coolant.

In addition, heat sinks are installed in the floor windows.

In addition, the body is enclosed in a water jacket equipped with fittings for the inlet and outlet of the coolant, the outer surface of which is insulated.

The specified set of design differences makes it possible to increase the efficiency of a new product relative to known ones.

The implementation of the pre-heating in the form of a conical hopper provides a more efficient supply of air during ignition and the free sliding of ash and unburned carbonized fuel approaching from the periphery of the container to the center with an air supply, which contributes to complete combustion. The adjoining of the hopper over a larger diameter close to the wall of the housing eliminates the failure and delay of solid combustion products, forming a single flowing part with the cylinder of the housing without suction. The air entering through the neck of the hopper (air intake) is distributed over the entire section. The neck is open into the pan where the falling ash is collected, a burner is installed in the pan (ignition device in the form of a wick), directed to the neck of the pre-furnace.

So that the kindling material does not fall into the pan when loading, a wire mesh with a mesh, for example, 20 × 20 mm, is installed in the neck. When the kindling burns out and the bulk of the fuel is ignited, the failure does not occur due to jamming of the fuel sliding in the cone during its burning out. Condensate formed from the flue gases in the pipe (the lifting part of the chimney) flows down the inner wall of the housing and then through the hopper to the pallet.

Flue gases during combustion rise inside the container to the top of the housing, and then fall in the gap between the container and the housing down. This circulation contributes to uniform heating of the housing wall. Part of the flue gas leaves through the chimney into the atmosphere. The outlet of the chimney (lifting part) is carried out below the level of the housing connector, which contributes to ease of use - there is no need to disassemble the gas duct when loading fuel, condensate leakage through the connector is eliminated. A screen that encloses a case has at least a dual purpose. The first is protection against touching a hot surface of the housing and the second is the formation of a duct with air heated from the housing, which can be included in the heating circuit of air or water. The installation of a fuel container within the height from the pre-furnace to the housing connector provides for enhanced functionality of the furnace. At the joint level of the body and the pre-furnace, it is assumed to install a single-briquette with a central channel for gases in the furnace on a wire mesh when the side supporting surface of the container is not required. A fuel container filled with porous refractory material and equipped with gas nozzles (liquid fuel vapor burner) can be mounted within a pre-combustion chamber. The possibility of placing the container in the pre-furnace allows the furnace to be switched to liquid fuel with minimal modifications. When the container height is at the level of the connector, it is assumed that a loose variety of fuel (sawdust, fine cuttings) is laid in the container, in intermediate modifications it is possible to stack long logs when the container ensures their stable vertical position. In addition, in intermediate positions, products in direct contact with flue gases (smoking) can be suspended, or an oven that is structurally similar to the housing, i.e. round and with a lid. In the oven, for example, pots and pans with food can be placed. This eliminates the contamination of the outer surface of the dishes with combustion products, but provides a supply of heat in the range of 250-300 ° C. Cooking time is regulated by the amount of fuel loaded. Excessive height leads to the accumulation of resin on the walls of the container or to the inability to install the above devices. The implementation of the container from a longitudinal longitudinal height profile sheet, rolled into a cylinder along the generatrix of the housing, allows, on the one hand, to improve the sliding of the fuel mass when it burns out, and, on the other hand, to make regular channels for recirculation of flue gases in the gap between the container and the housing, which will increase the uniformity of distribution temperature on the wall of the housing.

The implementation of the container in the form of a one-piece pipe with external longitudinal ribs, for example, cast iron, also contributes to the uniform distribution of temperature and increase the service life of the container. The execution of the container in height by a set of rings makes the manufacture of the container cheaper. The implementation of the ribs on the outer surface spiral allows you to increase the heat transfer from the container, which is a kind of battery when casting it. The implementation of the ribs with a staggered arrangement compared with solid ribs reduces resistance, while maintaining the alignment of the container in the housing and uniform circulation. The execution of the upper part of the detachable housing in the form of a gate feeder with the possibility of unloading ash from the pallet on the go allows you to ensure the operation of the furnace in continuous mode. The design of the furnace screen in the form of a caisson with a lid allows you to remove the furnace from the heated volume, which is especially important for small room sizes or, if necessary, eliminate the danger of the furnace being in close proximity to living organisms.

Caisson is a building envelope for the formation of a water-free working chamber in a water-saturated soil.

In this case, a caisson equipped with inlet and outlet nozzles of a heat carrier, for example, air, is the receiving chamber of the furnace in the source-consumer system.

A basement room equipped with air ducts for supplying heated rooms and recirculation of cooled air can serve as an analogue of a caisson screen in a building.

Deepening the caisson in the ground solves the issues of its thermal insulation and simplifies (reduces the cost) of laying communications, especially when operating in the spring-summer-autumn period for greenhouses.

The implementation of the distributor of warm air, for example, in a greenhouse [3] in the form of overlapping with through windows above the spreading surface of the coolant (air above the ground) allows you to adjust the heat transfer in the room, especially in the lower most critical part. Placing windows in the ceiling, for example, along the walls provides an influx of heat to the walls, heating the earth and the ceiling in the direction of air flow, etc. Those. the distribution of the heated air outlet through the windows allows you to adjust the temperature in the room and the temperature level of the soil.

A similar device can be used in temporary homes, for example, tents for military personnel, in camping workshops with underfloor heating.

When installing heat sinks in the windows of the overlap, preferably with a gap, for example, baskets with nutrient soil, heat is saved due to directed heating of the soil, saving the soil itself and the possibility of increasing the yield of early vegetables and other plants.

It is known that it is the roots, not the shoots, that regulate the growth of plants and serve as a kind of sensor of environmental conditions. The required soil temperature of 18-25 ° C at a depth of 0.2-0.3 m provides a yield increase of 25-30% [4]. Placing the caisson of the indicated design on the ground surface in thermal insulation allows you to get additional amenities during continuous operation of the furnace in the winter period in terms of manual and mechanized loading of fuel near the fuel depot. Possible small smoke with additional fuel loading, when the housing is open, and the combustion has not yet ended, quickly dissipates in the atmosphere without entering the room. An analogous heat-insulated caisson can be a dedicated room in a building with a door that opens onto the street.

The implementation of the furnace body with a water jacket, equipped with coolant inlet and outlet fittings and thermal insulation from the outside, allows the furnace to be included in the water heating circuit of heated rooms (instead of air heating). The design of the furnace with a water jacket housing is not given due to the ease of implementation, but can be provided on request.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a furnace indicating the location and shape of the air supply and exhaust ducts, flue gases, a housing with a two-part connector, a protective screen made of steel mesh, a fuel container and an oven mounted on it, a pan with a burner ( wick) and conical pre-furnace.

In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a furnace with a container in the form of a liquid fuel vapor burner.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a furnace with a gateway feeder of finely dispersed solid fuel (sawdust, granules, briquettes).

Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a furnace in a box and a diagram of the natural circulation of the coolant (air) through the box and the greenhouse.

Figure 5 shows a cross section of the furnace aa of figure 4 with a fuel container made of a longitudinally-profile steel sheet.

Figure 1-4 also shows the marks (0,0 and 1,0) of the extreme positions of the fuel container.

The heating furnace includes a housing 1 with a cover 2, a fuel container 3, a preheater 4 with an inlet neck 5, a pan 6 with a burner 7, a chimney 8 and a screen 9. A screen made in the form of a caisson with a cover 11 and inlet pipes 12 and the outlet 13 of the coolant, the greenhouse 14 with an overlap 15 and the windows 16 located therein and baskets 17 with plants. The container 3 when operating on liquid fuel is replaced by the design of the evaporation burner 18. In the design of the furnace, which ensures continuous operation, instead of the cover 2, a gate feeder 19 is used, consisting of valves of the shutoff valves 20, the loading chamber 21 and the hopper 22. As an accessory, the oven is used in the design 23. The furnace is prepared for work and ignited in the following order.

The lid 2 is removed and when working on solid fuel, the kindling material is loaded into the preheater 4, and then the main fuel is loaded into the container 3. The lid 2 is closed, the pan 6 is pulled out and the wick 7 filled with diesel fuel is ignited, the pan 6 is pushed in and the burning wick is in the pre-furnace neck - air intake 5. The ignition material ignites, and from it - the bulk of the fuel. If necessary, cooking on the container 3 in the free space under the lid 2 set the oven with utensils loaded with food.

When working on liquid fuel (Figure 2), the fuel supply to the evaporation burner 18 is opened, and it is fired using the wick as described above.

When working with the gateway feeder 19 (continuous operation of the furnace, see Fig. 3) by the end of the combustion cycle of the previous fuel load, when the temperature of the cover 2 begins to quickly drop below 40 ° C, dispersed fuel is laid in the hopper 22, and the upper shutter 20 of the gateway 13 opens and the fuel falls into the loading chamber 21. Then, the upper cut-off device 20 closes and the lower one opens. The fuel enters the container 3. The lower cutoff 20 is also closed.

When using a caisson (Fig. 4), loading and ignition of fuel is carried out similarly to the previous cases. Unloading of ash at the end of the furnace cycle is carried out from the liner (not shown) located in the tray 6. The ash liner is lifted up, unloaded and returned to its original place. At the same time, the wick is refueled, and its ignition, for example, is carried out with a pilot light (not shown).

The furnace can be used as a heat source for air and water heating of temporary and small permanent buildings and structures using various types of fuel, including the cheapest - wood waste. With an increase in the thermal power of the furnace, its dimensions increase slightly. For example, an increase in thermal power from 6 to 18 kW, the diameter of the furnace increases from 450 to 580 mm, and the height from 800 to 1100 mm.

The furnace is made of sheet steel with a thickness of up to 0.7 mm, which allows the use of tin works, and rotary elements can be used from standard plumbing fittings.

The cost of handicraft manufacture of a 6 kW furnace does not exceed 35 cu

Sources of information

1. RU 13834 U1, F 24 C 5/00, 2000, bull. No. 15.

2. RU 2178541 C2, F 24 B 1/08, F 24 C 1/06, 2002, bull. No. 2.

3. SU 1831264 A3, A 01 G 9/24, 1993, bull. No. 28.

4. Greenhouses and greenhouses. Directory. - Kiev: Harvest, 1993, 424 p. (see pages 215 and 280).

5. TSB, vol. 12, 1973, p. 67 (caisson).

Claims (15)

1. A heating furnace, comprising a vertical housing with a fuel loading connector, a fuel container located inside the housing with a clearance, a preheater with an air intake, and a burner coaxial with the preheater, and a U-shaped chimney, characterized in that the preheater with an air intake is made in in the form of a conical hopper adjacent to the housing without a gap, with a neck open to the pallet, with a burner directed to the neck, the chimney is removed from the housing below the level of the connector, and the housing is enclosed in a screen. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is installed within the height from the pre-furnace to the housing connector. 3. An oven according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that an oven is installed above the container, structurally similar to the housing. 4. The furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the container is made of a longitudinally longitudinal profile sheet, which is folded into a cylinder along the generatrix of the housing. 5. The furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the container is made in the form of a solid pipe with outer longitudinal ribs. 6. The furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the container is made in height by a set of rings. 7. The furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the ribs are made spiral. 8. The furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the ribs are staggered in the form of fins. 9. The furnace according to any one of paragraphs.4-8, characterized in that the upper part of the detachable housing is made in the form of a gate feeder. 10. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made in the form of a caisson with a lid. 11. The furnace according to claim 10, characterized in that the caisson is equipped with nozzles for the inlet and outlet of the coolant. 12. The furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that the coolant outlet pipe is connected to a distributor made in the form of overlapping with through windows above the coolant spreading surface, the size of the windows and their placement being regulated depending on the direction of movement and the amount of coolant. 13. The furnace according to claim 12, characterized in that heat sinks are installed in the floor windows. 14. The furnace of claim 10, characterized in that the caisson is placed on the surface of the earth and insulated. 15. A furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 14, characterized in that the housing is enclosed in a water jacket equipped with coolant inlet and outlet fittings, the outer surface of which is insulated.

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