RU2651015C1 - Grain-drying unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for drying loose granular objects and materials, preferably seeds of cereals, legumes, oily and other crops. Grain dryer consists of an unloading device, the air channels, the grain channels. Outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the size of the holes is smaller than the grain size of the air ducts. Device contains fans, louvered partitions, forming a common supply air channel, divided into drying and cooling zones. In the drying zone, there is a solid outer housing for recirculation of the exhaust air, cyclones for cleaning spent hot and cold air, heater, heat exchanger, and the heater is installed after the fan that supplies hot air to the drying zone, and the heat exchanger is installed after the fan that supplies cold air to the cooling zone,that cooled by cold water in the heat exchanger through the separating surface of the heat exchanger. Flows of spent hot and cold air after purification in the cyclones return to the drying zone and the cooling zone, respectively, to form the recirculation circuits.

EFFECT: invention should ensure the uniformity of drying and cooling of grain of different crops, a reduction in specific energy inputs, a reduction in overall dimensions.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for drying bulk granular objects and materials, mainly seeds of cereals, legumes, oily and other crops.

Known grain dryer [US Pat. No. 2170399 C1 of the Russian Federation, IPC F26B 17/12, applicant and patent holder Tyagniy V.N. - No.2000108109 / 06; claimed March 31, 2000; publ. July 10, 2001], which consists of two shafts assembled from three bins, three distribution chambers of a drying agent, two air ducts and an unloading device, has a three-stage drying mode, and the drying agent is used three times in turn in all three bins. In the bunkers there are vertical multi-stage air distribution louvre sections assembled from inclined shelves, each section having a blank wall on one side and windows on the other hand, and located so that the windows of adjacent sections are directed in opposite directions, and the sections of the middle hopper are turned to 180 ° in relation to the sections of the upper and lower bins, which provides a reverse supply of the drying agent, while the design and arrangement of the louvered sections, two side ducts connecting the lower Intermediate hoppers, and the fan was allowed to apply drying agent used in the lower hopper, in the hopper under medium vacuum and the upper - pressurized by gradually lowering the temperature of the drying agent.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- has a low productivity due to multi-stage air distribution sections;

- there is the possibility of technological failures due to clogging of narrow passages in sections by garbage or grain with high humidity;

- the implementation of pressure and vacuum in the hoppers complicates the gas-pressure design and increases the cost of installation;

- there is no grain cooling process in the dryer;

- there is no overhead silo that acts as a damper between the loading device and the drying chambers, thereby ensuring their constant and uniform filling.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a grain dryer [US Pat. No. 89214 C1 of the Russian Federation, F26B 17/12 Shepelev S.D., Zapevalov M.V .; patent holder of the Chelyabinsk State Agroengineering University; declared 06/30/2009; publ. November 27, 2009], consisting of a combustion unit, an unloading device, a shaft-modular design, air channels, ducts, fans. Inside the shaft-modular housing, louvered partitions are installed, forming a common supply air channel, divided into drying and cooling zones, grain channels are located symmetrically on both sides of it. Above the common air channel, a silo hopper is placed. The outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the holes of which are smaller than the grain size.

Consider a grain dryer has the following disadvantages:

- the dryer occupies a significant part of the production area;

- inside the body of the shaft-modular design, the uniformity of heating and cooling of the grain is not ensured;

- significant specific energy consumption and environmental pollution due to the fact that the spent drying agent is released into the environment.

An object of the invention is to ensure uniformity of drying and cooling of grain of various crops, reducing specific energy consumption, reducing overall dimensions.

The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the grain dryer, consisting of an unloading device, air channels, grain channels, the outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the size of the openings of which is smaller than the grain size of the ducts, fans, louvered partitions forming a common supply air channel, divided on the drying and cooling zones, according to the invention, in the drying zone there is a continuous outer casing for recirculation of exhaust air, cyclones for cleaning exhaust hot and cold air, a heater, a heat exchanger, the heater being installed after the fan supplying hot air to the drying zone, and the heat exchanger is installed after the fan supplying cold air to the cooling zone, cooled by cold water in the heat exchanger through the dividing surface of the heat exchanger, while the flows of exhaust hot and cold air after cleaning in cyclones return respectively to the drying zone and the cooling zone with the formation of recirculation circuits.

The technical result of the invention is to increase reliability and efficiency, as well as reducing energy costs by using recirculation circuits.

The drawing shows a diagram of a grain dryer, which includes a silo hopper 1, a loading device 2 and an unloading device 3, an air duct 4 for supplying hot air to the air channel 5, an air duct 6 for removing exhaust hot air from the drying zone; an air duct 7 for supplying cold air to the cooling zone of the grain dryer, an air duct 8 for removing exhausted cold air from the cooling zone; an air channel 5 for supplying hot air to the grain channel 9, an air channel 10 for supplying cold air to the grain channel 11; the partitions between the grain channels 10, 11 and the air channels 5 and 10 are made of horizontally located blinds 12; the outer wall 13 of the grain channels 9 and 11 is made perforated, the size of the holes of which is smaller than the grain size; the protective housing 14 protects the design of the grain dryer from atmospheric precipitation and forms air channels 15 and 16 in the heating and cooling zones to remove the exhaust hot and cold air; cyclones 17, 18 are intended for purification of spent hot and cold air; a fan 19 is used to pump exhaust hot air after cleaning in a cyclone 17 into a heater 20; a fan 21 is used to pump purified air into a heat exchanger 22, where, using cold water, the purified air is cooled to the required temperature; valves 23, 24 supply air from the atmosphere for suction or air leakage through leaks of the grain dryer.

Grain dryer operates as follows. Through the loading device 2, the grain fills the silo hopper 1 and the grain channel 10 of the drying zone. The bottom of the hopper is heated by hot air entering the channel 5, thereby heating the grain in the grain channels 9 to the desired temperature. Using the unloading mechanism 3 under the influence of its own weight, the grain is moved from top to bottom from the grain channel 9 into the grain channel 11 of the cooling zone. Hot air is supplied to the air channel 5 through the duct 4 through the fan 19, passing through the air duct 4, the exhaust hot air enters the drying channel 5, passes through the blinds 12, the grain channel 9 and then through the perforated wall 13 and the blinds 15 are discharged through the air duct 6 . Cold air is supplied to the air channel 10 through the air duct 7 using the fan 21. Under pressure, cold air passes through the grain channel 11, cooling the grain and the air channel 16, and then the heated exhaust is discharged through the air duct 8.

To prepare the air for heating and cooling crops, recirculation circuits are used. The exhaust hot air after cleaning in the cyclone 17 by the fan 19 is pumped into the heater 20 and then through the duct 4 enters the drying zone. Valves 23, 24 supply air from the atmosphere for suction or air leakage through leaks of the grain dryer.

The preparation of cold air is as follows. Air is pumped into the heat exchanger 22 by a fan 21, where it is cooled to the required temperature using cold water. Cold air through the duct 7 enters the air channel 10 and is fed into the area of the grain channel 9 for cooling the grain. Cold air takes the heat from the heated grain, is heated and is sent through the air channel 16 through the duct 8 for cleaning to the cyclone 18, the air purified after the cyclone is re-used to cool the grain.

The advantages of a grain dryer are that:

- decreases the production area of the grain dryer, by reducing the area of the grain channel 5;

- provides uniform heating and cooling of the grain, due to the heating of the walls of the grain dryer;

- reduced specific energy consumption and environmental pollution, due to the fact that the spent drying agent is recycled into an external solid housing.

Claims (1)

Grain dryer, consisting of an unloading device, air channels, grain channels, the outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the openings of which are smaller than the grain size, air ducts, fans, louvered partitions forming a common supply air channel, divided into drying and cooling zones, characterized in that in the drying zone there is a continuous external housing for recirculation of exhaust air, cyclones for cleaning exhaust hot and cold air, a heater, heat exchange nick, moreover, the heater is installed after the fan supplying hot air to the drying zone, and the heat exchanger is installed after the fan supplying cold air to the cooling zone, cooled by cold water in the heat exchanger through the dividing surface of the heat exchanger, while the flows of exhausted hot and cold air after cleaning in cyclones return respectively to the drying zone and the cooling zone with the formation of recirculation circuits.

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