RU86284U1 - GRAIN COLUMN DRYER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Column grain dryer, which includes grating columns, grain flow inverters, a casing, horizontal partitions, which together with the grating columns and casing form the zone of the first drying stage, the zone of the second drying stage and the cooling zone of grain, distribution and unloading devices, furnace unit, mixing chamber , fans pumping a drying agent, a grain cooling fan and air ducts for supplying a spent drying agent for recovery, characterized in that the zone of the second drying stage is divided by one or several With several horizontal partitions into parts, each of these parts is equipped with a fan for pumping the drying agent and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery with a flow distribution switch having two outlet pipes, one of which is connected to the mixing duct by the duct and the other communicates with the atmosphere Moreover, the casing has double walls forming cavities, which on the one hand communicate with the atmosphere, and on the other hand are connected by air ducts to the mixing chamber. ! 2. The column dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner walls of the casing have heat transfer ribs.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and the processing industry of agricultural products, in particular to technical means for drying grain.

Known column grain dryers, including lattice columns forming chambers of the first drying stage, the second stage of grain drying and cooling, grain flow inverters, distribution and unloading devices, furnace unit, mixing chamber, drying agent pumping fans, cooling fan (Mechanization of grain post-harvest processing processes in the Novosibirsk Region: Recommendations / RAAS. The disadvantage of these dryers is the inability to recover the heat of the spent drying agent and, as a consequence, the large heat loss with the spent drying agent. Significant heat losses are also observed due to its radiation from the surfaces of the lattice columns of the dryer, since these surfaces are open to atmospheric air.

Also known is a core grain dryer, adopted as a prototype (Kartashevich S.M. Mechanical and technological foundations for increasing the efficiency of mechanized complexes for post-harvest processing of grain and seeds. Theory, calculation, results of design and testing of technological complexes: Monograph / BelNIIMSH. - Minsk, 2001. - S. 28-29). The dryer includes grating columns, grain flow inverters, a casing, horizontal partitions, forming, together with the grating columns and casing, a zone of the first drying stage, a zone of the second drying stage and a grain cooling zone, distribution and discharge devices, a firing unit, a mixing chamber, fans for pumping a drying agent , a grain cooling fan and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery. The presence of the casing in the dryer provides the possibility of recovering the heat of the drying agent spent in the zone of the second stage of drying, and due to this, reducing the heat consumption for drying the grain. The disadvantage of this dryer is that the entire drying agent spent in the zone of the second drying stage is sent for recovery. Since the zone of the second stage has a considerable height, at high humidity of the dried grain and atmospheric air, the drying agent in the upper part of the zone of the second stage of drying is saturated with moisture, therefore, the recovery of the spent drying agent in these conditions is ineffective. It is impractical to carry out this dryer with a lower height of the zone of the second drying stage, since with a relatively low humidity of the dried grain and low humidity of the atmospheric air, the drying agent spent in the lower part of the zone of the first drying stage and emitted into the atmosphere will not be saturated enough, i.e. the drying agent will be used inefficient. A drawback of the dryer is also significant heat loss due to its radiation from the surface of the casing.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, namely the reduction of heat loss with spent drying agent, as well as due to its radiation from the surface of the casing.

This problem is solved in that the proposed core dryer, like the prototype, includes grating columns, grain flow inverters, a casing, horizontal partitions, which together with the grating columns and casing form the zone of the first drying stage, the zone of the second drying stage and the grain cooling zone, distribution and an unloading device, a furnace unit, a mixing chamber, fans for pumping a drying agent, a grain cooling fan, and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery. However, unlike the prototype, in the proposed dryer, the zone of the second drying stage is divided into parts by one or several horizontal partitions, each of these parts is equipped with a fan for pumping the drying agent and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery with a flow switch-distributor having two outlet pipes, one of which is connected by an air duct to the mixing chamber, and the other communicates with the atmosphere. In addition, the casing has double walls forming cavities, which on the one hand communicate with the atmosphere, and on the other hand are connected by air ducts to the mixing chamber, and the inner walls of the casing have heat transfer ribs.

Dividing the second stage of drying with one or several horizontal partitions into parts and equipping each part with a fan for pumping the drying agent and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery with a flow switch-distributor having two outlet pipes, one of which is connected by a duct to the mixing chamber, and the other is connected with the atmosphere, depending on the moisture content of the dried grain and atmospheric air humidity, it is possible to direct the spent drying agent completely Strongly or in part for recovery of the various parts of the areas of the second drying stage. This makes it possible, in contrast to the prototype, to direct part of the spent drying agent to recovery even at high humidity of the dried grain and atmospheric air, and thereby significantly reduce heat loss with the spent drying agent.

The presence of double walls in the casing, forming cavities, which on the one hand communicate with the atmosphere, and on the other hand are connected by air ducts to the mixing chamber, makes it possible to supply atmospheric air to the mixing chamber through these cavities and to heat it from the casing walls, i.e. to use part of the heat a drying agent spent in the zone of the first stage of drying and released into the atmosphere. This also reduces heat loss due to its radiation from the surface of the casing. The presence of heat transfer ribs on the inner walls of the casing enhances this technical result.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by the scheme. The following notation is used in the diagram: 1 - lattice column, 2 - grain flow inverter, 3 - intermediate chamber, 4 - casing, 5, 6 and 7 - horizontal partitions, 8 - zone of the first drying stage, 9 and 10 - upper and lower parts zones of the second drying stage, 11 - grain cooling zone, 12 - distribution device, 13 - unloading device, 14 - combustion unit, 15 - mixing chamber, 16, 17 and 18 - drying agent pumping fans, 19 - grain cooling fan, 20, 21, 22 and 23 - ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery, 24 and 25 - switching Teli-flow valves, 26 - heat transfer rib inner wall of the housing. The horizontal partition 6 divides the zone of the second drying stage into the upper 9 and lower 10 parts. The upper part 9 of the zone of the second drying stage is equipped with a fan 17 for pumping the drying agent and the ducts 20 and 21 for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery with a flow distribution switch 24. The lower part 10 of the zone of the second drying stage is equipped with a fan 18 for pumping the drying agent and air ducts 22 and 23 waste drying agent for recovery with a switch distributor flow 25. The switch distributors flow 24 and 25 have two outlet pipes, one of which is connected to the duct with esitelnoy chamber 15, while the other communicates with the atmosphere. The casing 4 of the dryer has double walls that form cavities that, on the one hand, communicate with the atmosphere and, on the other hand, are connected by air ducts (not shown in the diagram) to the mixing chamber 15. The inner walls of the casing are equipped with heat transfer ribs 26. Arrows with double lines show the movement of grain , the arrows with the solid line indicate the movement of hot air and the prepared drying agent, the dashed arrows indicate the movement of the spent drying agent, and the dotted arrows indicate the movement of atmospheric air.

The proposed core dryer of grain works as follows. The dried grain by the distribution device 12 is loaded into the lattice columns 1, under the action of gravity moves down them and is removed from the dryer by the unloading device 13.

The hot air formed in the furnace unit 14 under the influence of rarefaction created by the pumping fans of the drying agent 16, 17 and 18 enters the mixing chamber 15. The atmospheric air under the action of the vacuum created by the grain cooling fan 19 passes through the grating columns 1 with grain in the grain cooling zone 11, cools the grain, warms up from the grain and is supplied to the mixing chamber by the indicated fan 15. Additionally, atmospheric air under the influence of the vacuum created by the pumping fans is dried agent 16, 17 and 18, is sucked into the space between the walls of the casing 4, is heated from heat transfer ribs 26 and then also enters the mixing chamber 15. Hot air from the furnace unit 14 is mixed in the mixing chamber 15 with the heated atmospheric air coming from the cooling zone grain 11 and from the cavities between the walls of the casing 4, and with the spent drying agent supplied to the recovery. The drying agent formed as a result of this mixing from the mixing chamber 15 under the influence of the vacuum created by the pumping fans of the drying agent 16, 17 and 18 enters the space between the grating columns 1 in the zone of the first drying stage 8 and in the upper 9 and lower 10 parts of the zone of the second stage drying, passes through lattice columns 1 with grain, heats and dries the grain. Spent in the zone of the first stage of drying 8, the moisture-saturated drying agent is pumped into the atmosphere by the pump fan of the drying agent 16. Depending on the humidity of the dried grain and atmospheric air, the drying agent exhausted in the upper part 9 of the zone of the second drying stage by the fan pumping the drying agent 17 through the ducts 20 and 21 with the flow distributor 24 is fully or partially fed to the recovery chamber 15, and the spent of the lower part 10 of the zone of the second stage of drying, the drying agent by the fan pumping the drying agent 18 through the ducts 22 and 23 with a flow distribution switch 25 is also fully or partially supplied and recovery of the mixing chamber 15. The part of the waste in the upper 9 and lower 10 parts of the zone of the second stage of drying the drying agent is not applied to the recovery of the mixing chamber 15 is discharged into the atmosphere by the outlet fitting, the flow switch valves 24 and 25 respectively.

In this case, the moisture-saturated drying agent worked out in the upper part 9 of the zone of the second drying stage can be completely emitted into the atmosphere, and the drying agent worked out in the lower part of the zone 10 of the second drying stage can be completely sent for recovery to the mixing chamber 15.

The grain, moving down the lattice columns 1, passes through the grain flow inverters 2. At the same time, grain layers are moved in the lattice columns with its partial mixing, which prevents overheating of the grain from the supply side of the drying agent. The intermediate chambers 3 in the grating columns 1 prevent the drying agent from being sucked from the lower part 10 of the zone of the second stage of grain drying into the grain cooling zone 11.

The considered example confirms the possibility of implementing the claimed invention. Dividing the zone of the second stage of drying with horizontal partitions into parts and equipping each of them with a fan for pumping a drying agent, air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery and a flow distribution switch with two outlet pipes, one of which is connected to the mixing chamber, and the other communicates with the atmosphere, make it possible, unlike the prototype, to send part of the spent drying agent to recovery even with high humidity of the dried grain and atmospheric air ear and thereby significantly reduce heat loss with spent drying agent.

The design of the casing with double walls forming cavities, which on the one hand communicate with the atmosphere, and on the other hand are connected by air ducts to the mixing chamber, makes it possible to use part of the heat of the spent drying agent, which is not sent for recovery. This also reduces heat loss due to its radiation from the surface of the casing.

Claims (2)

1. Column grain dryer, which includes grating columns, grain flow inverters, a casing, horizontal partitions, which together with the grating columns and casing form the zone of the first drying stage, the zone of the second drying stage and the cooling zone of grain, distribution and unloading devices, furnace unit, mixing chamber , fans pumping a drying agent, a grain cooling fan and air ducts for supplying a spent drying agent for recovery, characterized in that the zone of the second drying stage is divided by one or several With several horizontal partitions into parts, each of these parts is equipped with a fan for pumping the drying agent and air ducts for supplying the spent drying agent for recovery with a flow distribution switch having two outlet pipes, one of which is connected to the mixing duct by the duct and the other communicates with the atmosphere Moreover, the casing has double walls forming cavities, which on the one hand communicate with the atmosphere, and on the other hand are connected by air ducts to the mixing chamber. 2. The column dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner walls of the casing have heat transfer ribs.