RU2472085C1 - Method of drying seeds and grains and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of drying seeds and grains, according to which the material is loaded, moved downwards, vented with the drying agent, inverted, cooled, and unloaded. What is new is that the drying agent is reversed, and the reverse is carried out prior to the inversion of the material, and it is inverted no more than once. The device for drying seeds and grains comprises an over-the-drier hopper 2 and a below-the-drier hopper 7, mines 4 with drying 5 and cooling 6 chambers, inverters 17, a furnace 10, fans 9, 12, means of loading 11 and unloading 1. What is new is that the upper part of the drying chamber 4 is equipped with external cavities 5 with flaps 16, made with the ability to implement the reverse of the drying agent, and the lower part - with the inverter 17.

EFFECT: inventions should improve the reliability and efficiency of drying, particularly for high-moisture seeds and grains.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the drying of seeds and grain, mainly high moisture, and can be used in agriculture.

A known method of drying seeds and grain, which consists in the fact that the material is loaded into the drying chamber, vented with a drying agent, cooled and unloaded.

A device is known for its implementation, including a drying chamber, loading and unloading means, a furnace, fans (S. D. Ptitsyn. Zernosushilki, Mashgiz, M., 1962, p. 80-81).

This method and device is widely used in agriculture, receive high-quality seeds, but requires manual maintenance of the dryer and energy consumption. In addition, it is characterized by low productivity.

A known method of drying seeds and grain, which consists in the fact that the material is loaded, gravitationally moved from top to bottom, vented with a drying agent, inverted, cooled and unloaded (Dryer SBVS-5, Agricultural machinery, plant “Bryanskselmash”, LLC “TD” Bryansk, s 1. Equipment for post-harvest processing of grain crops, catalog, design bureau for heat generators, Bryansk).

Widespread core grain dryers are equipped with one inverter located in the middle of the drying chambers. The calculated drying non-uniformity in this case is ± 1.5%, which corresponds to the initial requirements. Actual non-uniformity does not exceed ± 1.2% due to partial mixing of the material during inversion, but when the initial moisture content of the material is more than 20%, the drying non-uniformity exceeds ± 1.5%, which necessitates additional inversions, this is implemented in the SBVS-5 high-moisture seed dryer . According to the known method, a wet material with a calculated humidity of 26% to a conditional 14% in the SBVS-5 dryer is dried with three consecutive inversions with one-sided blowing, only in this case a high-quality product can be obtained.

A device for implementing this method is known, including drying and drying bins, shafts with drying and cooling chambers, inverters, firebox, fans, loading and unloading means.

These method and device are closest to the technical nature of the claimed. However, as practice has shown, inverters on high humidity material do not work well.

Since pre-treatment of vegetable and mineral impurities on the grain of high humidity is not completely removed, the inverters quickly become clogged.

On the SBVS-5 high-moisture seed dryer, hatches are located under the inverters for cleaning them, which complicates the maintenance of the dryer. This disadvantage can be avoided by using the reverse of the drying agent, since the mine passability is not impaired. At the same time, the use of reverse slightly increases the material consumption of the device and requires careful sealing of the air cavities in which the valves for bypassing the drying agent are placed, so it is advisable to use it limited.

The greatest effect from the use of the reverse was established on grain and seeds of high humidity, as this achieves the greatest moisture removal and full saturation of the drying agent with moisture vapor, which determines its effective use (M.A. Telengator, BCUkolov, V.M. Tsetsinovsky. Processing seeds of grain crops, "Ear", M., 1972, p.103).

The inverters work more reliably on the dried material, the violation of the drying process is eliminated, but the efficiency of the reverse is reduced. To realize the reverse in the design of core dryers, it is sufficient to provide external cavities and valves for bypassing the drying agent and withdrawing it from the dryer.

The main disadvantages of the method and device are the lack of reliability of the drying process and the reduced efficiency of the device on high-moisture material.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of drying, in particular on high moisture seeds and grain.

The problem is achieved in that in the method consisting in the fact that the material is loaded, moved from top to bottom, vented with a drying agent, inverted, cooled and unloaded, according to the invention, the drying agent is reversed, and the reverse is carried out before the material is inverted, and inverted no more than once .

The task is also achieved by the fact that in the device, including drying and drying bins, shafts with drying and cooling chambers, inverters, firebox, fans, loading and unloading means, according to the invention, the upper part of the drying chambers is equipped with external cavities with valves made with the possibility of reverse drying agent, and the lower part - inverters.

The method can be implemented only in the claimed device.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which presents the technological scheme of the device.

A device for drying seeds and grain includes an unloading elevator 1, a drying hopper 2, in which a leveling screw 3 is placed, a drying chamber 4 and an external cavity 5 communicating with the drying chamber, a cooling chamber 6, a drying hopper 7, an unloading screw 8 are located under the drying hopper , drying agent fan 9, furnace 10, loading elevator 11, cooling agent fan 12, valves 13, shafts 14, in which drying 4 and cooling chambers 6 are placed, cavity 15, valves 16 and inverter 17.

The outer cavity 5 with valves 16 is located in the upper part of the drying chamber 4 and is configured to reverse the drying agent.

Material noria 11 is loaded into the drying hopper 2, leveled with a screw 3, moved in the shafts 14 from top to bottom, reversed in the upper part of the drying chambers 4, inverted in the inverter 17, unloaded with a discharge screw 8 and noria 1.

The method is as follows.

The material is loaded, gravitationally moved from top to bottom, vented with a drying agent, which is reversed in the upper half of the drying chamber 4, the material is inverted, cooled and unloaded.

The device operates as follows.

The drying agent is prepared in the furnace 10, with a fan 10 is pumped into the intermine cavity 15, with the open valve 13 fed into the outer cavity 5, from it through a layer of material to the upper part of the intermine cavity 15, and from it through the end valve (not shown in the diagram) - out. With the valve 13 closed, the drying agent is filtered through a layer of material, leaves the outer cavity 5, and out of it through the valve 16. In the lower part of the drying chamber 4, after the inverter 17, the drying agent is also filtered through a layer of material and goes out.

Outside air is pumped by the fan 12 into the cooling chamber 6, filtered through a layer of material and thrown out.

According to the proposed method, it is recommended that a material with a moisture content of 26% or more be dried in the upper part of the drying chamber (with reversal of the drying agent), and in the lower part - from 20 to 14%. Inverters should be located in the middle of the lower part of the drying chambers 4.

By sequentially carrying out the reverse of the drying agent and the inversion of the material, it is possible to ensure high-quality and effective drying of the material with high humidity (26% or more), which is difficult to achieve by inversions alone, in addition, the reverse on seeds of high humidity will significantly reduce the drying time compared to unilateral blowing of these seed.

Example. To substantiate the reliability and efficiency of reverse drying, experiments were carried out on moistened grain with a moisture content of 25%. The essence of the experiment was as follows: a cassette with sieve end surfaces 0.4 m long and a cross section of 0.06 × 0.120 m filled with wheat was alternately blown from both sides with a drying agent heated to 40 ... 50 ° C to a moisture content of 14 ... 18%, the purge cycle was changed from 15 to 30 minutes, thereby simulating the reverse of the drying agent. Every 15 ... 30 minutes the cartridge was weighed. The control was carried out under similar conditions, but with one-sided purging.

In all experiments, a decrease in the drying time using reverse was obtained by 18 ... 20%, and the unevenness of drying was reduced from ± 3 to ± 1.1%, which corresponds to the initial requirements.

Claims (2)

1. The method of drying seeds and grain, which consists in the fact that the material is loaded, moved from top to bottom, vented with a drying agent, inverted, cooled and unloaded, characterized in that the drying agent is reversed, and the reverse is carried out before the material is inverted, and no more than one is inverted times. 2. A device for drying seeds and grains, including drying and drying bins, shafts with drying and cooling chambers, inverters, firebox, fans, loading and unloading means, characterized in that the upper part of the drying chambers is equipped with external cavities with valves made with the possibility reverse agent drying, and the lower part of the inverter.