RU89214U1 - GRAIN DRYER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Grain dryer, consisting of a furnace unit, an unloading device, a shaft-modular design, air ducts, air ducts, fans, characterized in that louvered partitions are installed inside the shaft-modular design, forming a common supply air channel, divided into a drying and cooling zone , symmetrically on both sides of it are grain channels. ! 2. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that a silo hopper is placed above the common air channel. ! 3. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the size of the holes of which is smaller than the grain size.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and is intended for drying loose granular objects and materials, mainly seeds of cereals, legumes, oily and other crops.

A device for a shaft louvred grain dryer ZHZS-22 is known (V.I. Zhidko, V. A. Rezchikov, V. O. Ukolov. Grain drying and grain dryers. M., Kolos, 1982, pp. 108-110). The dryer consists of an unloading device and two shafts, each of which represents a series of parallel-mounted columns of rectangular cross-section, the side walls of which are a set of inclined and vertical, steel shelves-blinds. The columns are filled with dried grain. Between the columns in height, air channels are left that serve to supply the coolant to the grain and to drain the spent drying agent from it.

The disadvantage of this device is that to ensure uniform drying of grain due to the temperature difference of heating of the opposite sides of the blinds, a change in the direction of supply of the drying agent to the louvre columns is required, and therefore, the complexity of the gas-pressure design. There is no overhead silo, the function of cooling the grain and recovering the drying agent.

The prototype of the claimed technical solution is a grain dryer (RU 2170399 C1, publ. 2001.07.10), which consists of two shafts assembled from three bins, three distribution chambers of a drying agent, two ducts and a discharge device, has a three-stage drying mode, a drying agent is used thrice in turn in all three bins. In the bunkers there are vertical multi-stage air distribution louvre sections assembled from inclined shelves, each section having a blank wall on one side and windows on the other hand, and located so that the windows of adjacent sections are facing in opposite directions, and the sections of the middle hopper are turned to 180 ° in relation to the sections of the upper and lower bins, which provides a reverse supply of the drying agent, while the design and arrangement of the louvered sections, two side ducts connecting the lower Intermediate hoppers, and the fan was allowed to apply drying agent used in the lower hopper, in a medium under discharge hopper and the upper - pressurized by gradually lowering the temperature of the drying agent.

Consider a grain dryer has the following disadvantages:

1. The dryer has low productivity due to multi-stage air distribution sections.

2. There is the possibility of technological failures due to clogging of narrow passages in sections by garbage or grain with high humidity.

3. The implementation of pressure and vacuum in the hoppers complicates the gas-pressure design and increases the cost of installation.

4. There is no grain cooling process in the dryer.

5. There is no overhead silo that acts as a damper between the loading device and the drying chambers, thereby ensuring their constant and uniform filling.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to ensure uniform drying of grain of various crops and reduce energy costs for drying.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the grain dryer, consisting of a furnace unit, an unloading device, a shaft-modular design, air ducts, ducts, fans, in contrast to the prototype, louvered partitions are installed inside the shaft-module construction, forming a common supply air channel, divided into drying and cooling zone, grain channels are located symmetrically on both sides of it. The louvered partitions between the air and grain channels allow air to be introduced into the cooling zone and the drying agent into the drying zone over the entire channel area. Above the common air channel mounted silo hopper.

Partitions for draining the spent drying agent and heated air into the atmosphere after cooling the grain into the combustion unit are made of perforated sheet over the entire area of the air channels, the opening size of which is smaller than the grain size. The use of perforation walls allows for uniform drying of grain, simplicity of design during assembly and to eliminate grain loss. The upper part of the protective casing is made of louvered partitions for removal of the drying agent, the lower part is of an all-metal sheet connected to the air intake duct of the combustion unit. The presence of a protective housing allows you to mount a grain dryer without building a special building. The overhead silo ensures constant filling of grain channels.

The applicant is not aware of technical solutions containing features similar to those distinguishing the proposed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

A new set of features allows to reduce the need for fuel, increase the productivity of the dryer, receive grain of high humidity from combine harvesters in the stream, which confirms the compliance of the technical solution with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Figure 1 is a diagram of a grain dryer, which consists of a furnace unit 1, a fan 2, which supplies atmospheric air to the cooling compartment, a fan 3, which supplies a drying agent to the air channel, a loading auger 4, and a shaft-modular structure 5. Figure 2 shows a diagram of a shaft-modular design, which includes a silo hopper 10, an unloading device 11, an air duct 12 for supplying atmospheric air to the air duct 6, an air duct 13 for supplying heated air to the combustion unit 1, and an air duct 14 for supplying a drying agent to the air 8 of the drying duct of the dryer compartment.

Cold air passes through the air channel 6 to cool the heated grain, and the drying agent passes through the air channel 8 into the grain channel 7, the partitions of which are made of horizontally arranged louvered partitions 9. The partition 15 for draining the spent drying agent and heated air into the atmosphere is made of perforated sheet . The protective housing 16 protects the structure from atmospheric precipitation, acts as an air channel 17 in the cooling zone and removes the spent drying agent into the atmosphere through the louvered partitions 18.

Grain dryer works as follows. The grain channel 7 and the silo hopper 10 are filled with grain using the loading screw 4. The bottom of the hopper is heated by the drying agent entering channel 8, and the grain entering the grain channels is preheated. When the mechanism of unloading 11 under the action of its own weight, the grain moves in the grain columns 7 from top to bottom. Cold air is supplied through a fan 2 through an air duct 12 to the air channel 6. Under pressure, cold air passes through the grain channel 7, cooling the grain, and the air channel 17, and then the warm air is transferred from the grain through the air channel 13 to the furnace unit . Heated to the required temperature, the air through the duct 14 enters the drying channel 8, passes through the louvered partition 9, the grain channel 7 and enters the atmosphere through the perforated wall 15 and the louvered partition 18.

As a result of the connection of the exhaust air channel of the cooling zone with the channel for air intake of the combustion unit, the recirculation of cooling air occurs, and consequently, a significant reduction in energy costs for heating the drying agent.

The above distinguishing features contribute to the uniformity of grain drying and reduce energy costs up to 30%. A grain dryer is able to receive freshly harvested grain of high humidity in the stream from combines, thereby reducing harvesting time, reducing production losses, and increasing the efficiency of use of harvesting equipment.

Claims (3)

1. Grain dryer, consisting of a furnace unit, an unloading device, a shaft-modular design, air ducts, air ducts, fans, characterized in that louvered partitions are installed inside the shaft-modular design, forming a common supply air channel, divided into a drying and cooling zone , symmetrically on both sides of it are grain channels. 2. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that a silo hopper is placed above the common air channel. 3. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls of the grain channels are perforated, the size of the openings of which is smaller than the grain size.