RU202921U1 - DRYER FOR BULK GRAIN PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for drying granular products, mainly grain, seeds and other bulk agricultural crops. The dryer contains a working chamber consisting of parallel bins located at a distance from each other, each of which has an inner and outer walls. Each outer wall of the hopper is a wall of the working chamber housing. Between adjacent inner walls of the bins, there is a central ventilation duct for forcibly injecting coolant air into the working chamber, which has an inlet part for injecting warm air and an opposite part, isolated by a bridge. The inner space of each hopper is divided by blind partitions, which are perpendicular to the axis of the central ventilation channel and, together with the walls of the hopper, form containers for a granular product, each container has a loading opening in the upper part, and an unloading opening in the bottom part. Adjacent containers are interconnected by loading and unloading nozzles, the mouths of which are sequentially located under the loading and above the unloading transporting devices, respectively, the length of which is not less than the length of the central ventilation duct. Each inner and outer walls of the bunkers and the loading and unloading branch pipes are made perforated, with the possibility of passing warm air through them. The utility model provides a simplified design with an increase in the efficiency of the drying process. 1 wp f-ly, 3 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for drying granular products, mainly grain, seeds and other bulk agricultural crops.

Known dryer for free-flowing granular products (patent of Ukraine UA 37735 from 10.12.2008), containing a working chamber located in a vertical type casing, having pipes for supplying and removing warm air, which are located on two opposite sides of the casing. The working chamber forms three sections with the body: a warm air inlet section, a passage section - a working chamber and a warm air outlet section. The dryer body is connected at the top with the loading transporting device, and at the bottom with the unloading transporting device. The working chamber, in which the granular product is located, has perforated walls, through which warm air flow enters from the warm air inlet section into the inside of the working chamber, passes through the column of granular product, drying it and is discharged into the warm air outlet section.

However, the implementation of the lateral supply of warm air, relative to the vertical body, leads to an uneven movement of the air flow through the column of granular product. This is due to the fact that the warm air flow, which enters through the side branch pipe of the warm air supply, is scattered throughout the volume of the inlet section and through heat losses does not have time to uniformly transfer the required heat energy to the granular product, which is in the working chamber and is subjected to drying.

The closest to the utility model, which is claimed, is a dryer for free-flowing granular products (Ukrainian patent UA 117917 dated 10/25/2018), which was chosen as a prototype. The dryer contains a working chamber consisting of parallel bins located at a distance from each other. Each of the bunkers has an inner and outer wall. Each outer wall is a wall of the working chamber body, and between the adjacent inner walls of the hoppers there is a central ventilation duct, which is configured to forcibly pump coolant air into the working chamber. The central ventilation duct has an inlet part through which warm air is injected and the opposite part, isolated by a bridge. Each of the bunkers is divided into containers for free-flowing granular products. At the same time, the containers are separated by perforated partitions, between which cavities are formed. The cavities of the partitions are separated one by one from the central ventilation duct and the atmospheric air with the help of blind bridges. Thus, the inner space of the cavities of the partitions, through one, is open to the external environment and the central ventilation duct. Each container for free-flowing granular products has a loading opening in the upper part, and an unloading opening in the bottom part. Adjacent containers are interconnected by loading and unloading nozzles, the mouths of which are sequentially located under the loading and above the unloading transporting devices, respectively. The length of each conveying device is not less than the length of the central ventilation duct.

The dryer, chosen for the prototype, has a complex design. Due to the presence of additional blind bridges and cavities between the containers in the working chamber, a complex system for regulating the direction of movement of the warm air flow has been created, which has a large number of turns. The direction of movement of the warm air formed in the design of the dryer carries additional heat losses and does not allow the required volume of warm air flow to pass through the granular product. Thus, the drying efficiency of the product is reduced.

The utility model is based on the task of simplifying the design of a dryer for free-flowing granular products with an increase in the efficiency of the drying process.

The problem is solved by the design of the dryer for free-flowing granular products, which is being patented. The proposed dryer, like the prototype, contains a working chamber consisting of parallel bins located at a distance from each other, each of which has an inner and outer walls. Each outer wall of the hopper is a wall of the working chamber housing. Between adjacent inner walls of the bins, there is a central ventilation duct, which is made with the possibility of forcibly injecting coolant air into the working chamber. The central ventilation duct has an inlet part through which warm air is injected and the opposite part, isolated by a bridge. At the same time, the inner space of each hopper is divided by partitions, which are perpendicular to the axis of the central ventilation channel and together with the walls of the hopper form containers for the granular product. Each container has a loading opening in the upper part, and an unloading opening in the bottom part. Moreover, adjacent containers are interconnected by loading and unloading nozzles, the mouths of which are sequentially located under the loading and above the unloading transporting devices, respectively. The length of each conveying device is not less than the length of the central ventilation duct.

In the proposed dryer, each inner and outer walls of the bunkers and the loading and unloading branch pipes are made perforated, with the possibility of passing warm air through them, and the bunker partitions are made deaf.

Due to the execution of the inner and outer walls of the bunkers perforated, warm air freely flows from the central ventilation channel into each of the containers with the product, freely passes through the column of granular product, drying it and escaping into the atmosphere.

The execution of perforated loading and unloading nozzles allows warm air to pass through them and effectively dry the granular product that is in the nozzles.

Making the partitions of the bunkers deaf, allows to ensure the inlet and outlet of warm air for each container with a granular product separately, without affecting the neighboring ones, and, as a result, efficiently distribute the air flow through the column of granular product in each container.

In the best performance of the proposed dryer, the distance between the blind partitions, which together with the walls of the hopper form the containers for the granular product, is 30 cm. This distance is optimal. Its increase leads to uneven drying or not drying at all of some layers of the column of a granular product, and its decrease - to economic inexpediency.

The proposed dryer can contain several working chambers located one above one. Moreover, all working chambers are identical and are horizontally separated from each other by a horizontal barrier. The horizontal barrier is designed in such a way that it prevents the penetration of air through it. An increase in the number of working chambers, without making changes to other parts of the dryer design, allows to increase its productivity. The presence of a barrier gives rigidity to the structure and prevents the penetration of the flow of warm air from one working chamber to another. Also, any of the working chambers can be divided by a horizontal barrier, in the horizontal plane, into two identical working chambers. This makes it possible to regulate the required temperature of air discharge in each working chamber separately, which increases the efficiency of drying the granular product. The proposed dryer can contain up to 8 working chambers. However, the design of the dryer with a large number of working chambers will lead to inconvenience in maintenance.

In an embodiment of a dryer with several working chambers, it is possible to set an individual temperature for air discharge in each working chamber separately. This is due to the fact that a more moist granular product must be heated to a higher temperature, without loss of quality, than a product with less moisture. Consequently, the drying efficiency is also ensured due to the fact that the granular product of different degrees of moisture is uniformly blown with an air stream of the temperature required for such moisture.

Thus, in contrast to the prototype, the proposed dryer has a simplified design, due to the elimination of blind bridges and partitions in the working chamber, between which cavities are created. This makes it possible to reduce the number of turns of the warm air flow through the working chamber, thereby reducing heat losses and ensuring the passage of a larger volume of warm air through the column of granular product. As a result, the efficiency of the drying process is increased.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by the following figures, where:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the working chamber of a dryer for free-flowing granular products;

fig. 2 - image of two working chambers of the dryer with loading and unloading transporting devices;

fig. 3 - dryer for free-flowing granular products with two levels of working chambers.

The dryer for free-flowing granular products contains a working chamber, which consists of parallel hoppers left 1 and right 2, located at a distance from each other. Each of the bunkers has an inner 3 and an outer wall 4, which are perforated. Each perforated outer wall 4 is a wall of the working chamber housing. Between adjacent inner perforated walls 3 of bins 1 and 2, there is a central ventilation duct 5, which is configured to forcibly inject coolant air into the working chamber. The central ventilation duct 5 has an inlet part 6, through which warm air is injected and the opposite part, isolated by a bridge 7. The inner space of each bunker 1 and 2 is divided by blind partitions 8, which are perpendicular to the axis of the central ventilation duct 5 and together with perforated walls 3 and 4 the hoppers form the containers 9 for the granular product. Each container 9 has a loading opening 10 in the upper part, and an unloading opening 11 in the bottom part. Adjacent containers 9 are interconnected by loading nozzles 12, the mouths of which are sequentially located under the loading conveying device 13, for example a screw. Also, adjacent containers are interconnected by unloading pipes 14, the mouths of which are sequentially located above the unloading transporting device, for example, the unloading conveyor 15. The length of each transporting device is not less than the length of the central ventilation duct 5. In an embodiment of the dryer with two or more working chambers, located one above one, each working chamber is divided horizontally, from each other, by a horizontal barrier 16.

The dryer works as follows. The free-flowing granular product to be dried, through the loading transport device 13, for example a screw, enters through the corresponding loading nozzles 12 into the first adjacent pair of containers 9, until the level of the granular product reaches the mouth of the loading nozzles 12. After filling the first adjacent containers 9 , the screw moves the excess granular product to the next pair of adjacent containers 9, filling them, and so on, to the last pair of adjacent containers. When all the containers 9 are completely filled with a granular product, air of the required temperature is supplied through the inlet part 6 to the central ventilation duct 5. The jumper 7 prevents warm air from escaping from the ventilation duct 5 to the outside environment. Warm air is distributed throughout the entire volume of the working chamber and through the perforated inner 3 walls of bins 1 and 2 freely passes to all containers 9 with a granular product. Further, the warm air flow freely passes through each column of the granular product, drying it, and through the outer 4 perforated walls it exits into the atmosphere. After that, the dried granular product is fed through the discharge pipes 14 to the discharge conveyor 15 and unloaded.

Thus, the proposed dryer has a simplified design and increased efficiency of the drying process for free-flowing granular products.

Claims (2)

1. Dryer for free-flowing granular products, containing a working chamber, consisting of parallel bins located at a distance from each other, each of which has an inner and outer walls, each outer wall of the bins is a wall of the working chamber body, and between adjacent inner walls of the bins a central ventilation duct is located, which is made with the possibility of forced injection of coolant air into the working chamber, the central ventilation duct has an inlet part through which warm air is injected, and an opposite part, isolated by a bridge, while the inner space of each hopper is divided by partitions that are perpendicular to the axis the central ventilation duct and together with the inner and outer walls of the hopper form containers for a granular product, each of which has a loading opening in the upper part, and an unloading opening in the bottom part, and adjacent containers are interconnected th loading and unloading nozzles, the mouths of which are sequentially located under the loading and above the unloading transporting devices, respectively, the length of each transporting device is not less than the length of the central ventilation duct, characterized in that each inner and outer walls of the bunkers, as well as the loading and unloading nozzles are made perforated , with the possibility of warm air passing through them, and the bunker partitions are made deaf. 2. Dryer for free-flowing granular products according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the blind partitions of the bins is 30 cm.

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