RU2648176C1 - Automated universal energy saving air slide conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: automated universal energy-saving air slide conveyor for drying bulk and non-bulk materials, crop production, for example, heaps of seeds of cereals, legumes, fodder, technical, medicinal crops or crushed mass, vegetables, root crops, fruits, as well as flax seeds, flax straws and other crop production in rolls, bales, bags and sawn timber, wood. Air slide conveyor contains a sealed chamber, a bottom and a ceiling made of air distribution gratings with holes and carriages, sliders, levers, air supply channels, diffusers with louvre shutters, swivel nozzle, axial fans, furnace block, upper and lower exhaust fans, frame, sensor sensors, automated weighing system, electronic sensors: relative humidity, temperature, speed, transverse and longitudinal augers, conveyor belts, geared motor, level sensor, guides, limit switches, loading and unloading trays, unloading windows, inspection windows, samplers, pallets, electric winches, rail track.

EFFECT: air slide conveyor shall ensure the high-quality drying of various agricultural materials with automated temperature adjustment and drying agent consumption depending on humidity.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to installations for drying bulk and non-bulk materials of crop production, for example, a heap of seeds of cereals, legumes, fodder, industrial, medicinal crops or ground mass of the whole crop of these crops, and vegetables, root crops, fruits, and also flax straw, flax trusts and other crop products in rolls, bales, sacks and timber.

Known aeroshaft (patent No. 2499212, BI No. 32 of November 20, 2013), containing a chamber made with inclined side, rear and front walls, a bottom made of air distribution grilles and dividers, a leveling screw, an air supply duct with a furnace block and a fan, an unloading a window with a shutter, an upper carriage with two-tier shelves, a lower carriage with shelves, on the lower side of which there are agitators, levelers, a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the upper carriage, a mechanism for turning on and off the drive to the lower the scraper from the top, and in the chamber above each two-tier shelf a scraper is fixedly mounted.

The disadvantages of this aeroshaft:

1) does not dry the crushed mass of vegetables, root crops, fruits, as well as flaxseed, flaxcrest and other crop products in rolls, bales, sacks and timber;

2) during drying, the heat consumption for removal of one kilogram of moisture or the conditional moisture removal coefficient of the same material varies widely from 0.7 to 1.7 depending on the moisture content of the starting material (Malin N.I. Energy-saving grain drying / Textbooks and textbooks for students of higher educational institutions // - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 240 p.);

3) there is no automatic adjustment of the temperature and flow rate of the drying agent depending on the relative humidity of the spent drying agent;

4) the distribution of the drying agent is not evenly distributed over the area and volume of the drying chamber;

5) there are no conditions for the optimal removal of moisture during the drying process with the least energy consumption for this process;

6) there are no conditions for the automated control of the process of removing moisture during drying.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is an aeration channel for drying crop products and wood lumber (patent No. 2496069, BI No. 29, 2013).

Aerial chute for drying crop products and timber, containing a drying chamber made of side, rear and front walls with a door, a bottom made of air distribution grilles, air ducts, diffusers with louvred shutters, variable-speed fans, distributors with shutters, air ducts, a furnace a block, a rail track, trolleys equipped with an electronic weight measuring device, containers or stacks, has a similar air bottom in the ceiling edelitelnye lattice.

The disadvantages of the above aeroshaft are:

1) does not dry the crushed mass of vegetables, root crops, fruits, as well as flax straw, flax tread and other crop products in rolls or bales;

2) during drying, the heat consumption for removal of one kilogram of moisture or the conditional moisture removal coefficient of the same material varies over a wide range from 0.7 to 1.7, depending on the moisture content of the starting material;

3) there is no automatic adjustment of the temperature and flow rate of the drying agent depending on the relative humidity of the spent drying agent;

4) the distribution of the drying agent is not evenly distributed over the area and volume of the drying chamber;

5) there are no conditions for the optimal removal of moisture during the drying process with the least energy consumption for this process;

6) there are no conditions for the automated control of the process of removing moisture during drying.

The problem is solved in that for drying various crop products, lumber and wood, an energy-saving universal chimney is proposed with automated control for drying bulk and non-bulk materials of crop products, for example, a pile of seeds of grain, leguminous, fodder, industrial, medicinal crops or the crushed mass of these crops, as well as vegetables, root crops, fruits, as well as flax straw, flax seeds and other crop products in rolls, bales, bags, pilomat series and wood, contains a sealed chamber, a bottom and a ceiling of air distribution grilles with holes and carriages, sliders, levers, air ducts, diffusers with louvred shutters, a rotary nozzle, axial fans, a combustion unit, upper and lower exhaust fans, a frame, a subframe, loading and unloading trays, unloading windows, dampers, inspection windows, samplers, pallets, electric winches, openings of air distribution grilles, rail track, and it is equipped with: automated system of weighing the material in the drying chamber from sensor sensors, electronic sensors: relative humidity, temperature, speed of movement of the drying and spent agents, interchangeable adapters, including transverse and longitudinal screws, a cart conveyor with a movement mechanism, pallets with a computer program that controls an effective, low-temperature , three-stage, disposable convection drying for any source material.

New significant features:

1) for drying a variety of crop production and assortment of sawn timber, the aerial chute is equipped with interchangeable adapters: longitudinal and transverse augers, a cart conveyor, pallets, electric winches;

2) a method is proposed for efficient, low-temperature convective drying of agricultural products and timber. The method is applicable for drying both the entire biological crop, and separately the main or by-products of plant growing, vegetable growing, horticulture and the entire range of timber. It includes three stages: the first is a step-by-step increase in the temperature of the drying agent from its ambient value to one selected value from the range of 30 ... 60 ° C; the second stage is the time constant temperature of the drying agent and drying speed; the third stage with a stepwise decrease in the temperature of the drying agent to its value in the environment. The proposed method provides high quality indicators of the finished product with a reduction in energy consumption for the drying process up to four times. The dryer is coated with an ultra-thin heat insulating material. For all the drying time, the conditional moisture removal coefficient has a constant minimum value;

3) automation of the drying process control is provided by:

a) an automated system for weighing the material in the drying chamber from sensor sensors located between the drying chamber frame and the subframe. This system is taken from modern grinders - mixers - distributors of full feed fodder mixtures;

b) a mathematical model based on the results of multivariate experience conducted on a specific drying material;

c) electronic sensors for monitoring the relative humidity of the drying and spent agents;

d) electronic sensors for monitoring the temperature of the drying and spent agents at the inlet and outlet of the drying material;

e) electronic anemometers that determine the speed of movement of the drying and spent agents;

f) the computer program during drying monitors and corrects the following parameters for the drying and spent agents: temperature, relative humidity, flow rate, speed, static and dynamic pressure;

4) high uniformity in humidity of the components of the finished dried material is ensured by: reversing the direction of movement of the drying agent in the vertical thickness of the layer of drying material; stepwise change in the temperature of the drying agent in the first and third stages; the optimum temperature of the drying agent in the second stage; automatically maintained parameters for drying and spent agents: temperature, flow rate, static and dynamic pressure; optimal relative humidity and the same speed at the outlet of the drying material over the entire area of the drying chamber;

5) mowed, dried, chopped, fodder or medicinal grass, a heap of all field crops, chopped bread mass, chopped vegetables, root crops, fruits, dried in bulk using the cross and longitudinal leveling augers on the load. The entire consumption of the drying agent is directed by the air distribution grilles into the drying material without leaks at the point where the drying material touches the walls. Pallets with rolls, bales, bags, stacks of lumber are installed in the drying chamber through labyrinth seals near the walls;

6) for the entire drying time, the sensor sensors located between the drying chamber frame and the subframe automatically, constantly and continuously monitor the mass of the drying material. This system of automatic weighing of material is taken from modern grinders - mixers - distributors of full-feed feed mixtures and serves as the basis for automated control of the drying process.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

Identified distinguishing features in conjunction with the known provide a technical result.

Any source material is dried in one batch without unnecessary transshipment and costly intermediate operations: cooling, tearing off, conditioning, thermal moisture treatment. The computer program during drying monitors and corrects the following parameters for the drying and spent agents: temperature, relative humidity, flow rate, speed, static and dynamic pressure.

In FIG. 1 shows an aeroglove general side view; in FIG. 2 is a transverse section along aa; in FIG. 3 - a mechanism for moving a cart conveyor, a cross-section along BB; in FIG. 4 - aerial chute common from above; in FIG. 5 shows interchangeable pallets, a general view of the side and top.

The aerial chute contains an airtight chamber 1, a bottom and a ceiling of air distribution grilles 2 with carriages 3, sliders 4, levers 5, air supply ducts 6, diffusers 7 with shutter dampers 8, a rotary nozzle 9, axial fans 10, a furnace block 11, upper and lower exhaust fans 12, frame 13, subframe 14, touch sensors 15, automated weighing system 16, electronic sensors: relative humidity 17, temperature 18, travel speed 19, cross screw 20, longitudinal screw 21, cart conveyor 22, link 23, nut 24,int 25, coupling 26, gear motor 27, level sensor 28, guides 29, limit switches 30, trays - loading 31 and shipping 32, discharge windows 33, shutters 34, inspection windows 35, samplers 36, pallets 37, electric winches 38, openings 39 of the air distribution grilles 2, rail 40.

Aeroglob works as follows

Before drying, the guides 29 are fixed from the air distribution grilles 2 at such a height that provides the optimum thickness of the loaded drying material. The upper exhaust fan 12 is connected to the diffuser 7, and the rotary pipe 9 is attached to the lower diffuser. The heap or crushed material loaded into the tray 31 is sent to the drying chamber 1 by the screws 20 and 21. During the loading process, when the sensor 28 is activated from contact with wet material at the front wall of the air duct, the controlled coupling 26 includes a gear motor 27 that rotates the screw 25 and a nut 24 in the wings 23 translates the cart conveyor 22 and the loading tray 31 to a fixed distance in the transverse direction of the chamber 1 for phased loading with a layer of material with the same height over the entire area of the chamber. At the end of the load, the end switches 30 turn off the geared motor 27 and the screws 20 and 21. The filling process of the drying chamber 1 with material is also controlled visually through the viewing windows 35, which are made on both sides. Automated weighing system 16 is transferred from locking to automatic mode. According to experimental data, the position of the dampers 8 and the carriages 3 is established, in which the sliders 4 are moved by levers 5. The fans 10 and 12 are turned on, and then the furnace unit 11. The drying agent through the nozzle 9 enters the diffuser 7 and the air supply channel 6 through openings 39 air distribution grills 2 into the drying material. Lattices 2 change the direction of movement of the drying agent from horizontal to vertical, that is, 90 °. The wedge shape of the channel 6 ensures uniform distribution of the drying agent along the length of the air duct, since the speed of movement of the drying agent is the same for all openings 39. The uniformity of the distribution of the drying agent over the area and volume of the drying chamber is regulated by turning on or off one of the two fans 10, changing the speed of the second fan 10, the shutters 8, the carriages 3 with levers 5 and the layer thickness of the drying material. During convection, the drying agent performs the following functions:

1) heats the material;

2) transfers moisture from the inner layers of the material to the outer;

3) evaporates moisture from the surface of the drying material;

4) removes moisture, turning it into steam, from the drying chamber, participating in heat and mass transfer.

Moisture is removed from the surface of the material, which is washed with a drying agent, at any temperature ranging from 0 to 100 ° C, but with a constant heat consumption of 2260 kJ / kg. Therefore, it is more profitable to dry at low temperatures, reducing the cost of heating the material. At low temperatures, the drying agent is significantly higher heat transfer coefficient K, which is determined by the well-known formula:

where q is the energy flux density, ΔT is the temperature head between the medium of the drying agent and the surface of the material.

The movement of moisture from the inner layers of the material, which is an isotropic medium, determines the Fourier law, according to which the heat flux density vector is proportional and opposite in direction to the temperature gradient of the outer and inner layers of the components of the material. We suggest moving moisture in only one direction for the entire drying time - from the inner layers to the outer, natural way, without energy consumption. For this, drying should be three-stage. At the first stage, the material is gradually heated with a step-by-step increase in temperature of the drying agent from ambient to the temperature of 30–60 ° C selected for this material. An exhaust fan 12 directs the spent drying agent outward. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of the parameters of the drying and spent agents from the sensors 17, 18, 19 together with the automated weighing system 16 of the drying material allow the computer program to optimize the drying process. The selected optimum temperature does not change throughout the entire second stage. In the middle of the drying, which is determined by the display of the automated weighing system 16, the direction of movement of the drying agent is reversed to obtain the same final moisture content of the drying material. Turn off the fans 10, 12 and the combustion unit 11. On the hinges, turn the upper exhaust fan 12. The pipe 9 is connected to the upper diffuser 7, and the exhaust fan 12 is turned and attached to the lower diffuser 7. The drying process is continued by turning on the fans 10, 12 and the combustion unit 11 at a selected temperature of the drying agent of the second drying step. At the third stage of drying, which is equal in time to the first, a step-by-step decrease in temperature of the drying agent to its ambient value is carried out in time. This three-stage drying method provides a non-changing desired direction of moisture movement inside each component of the material when the temperature gradient in it is close to the minimum value. And this dramatically reduces the energy costs of moving moisture through the layers of each component of the material to its surface and increases the quality indicators of the finished product. Any source material is dried in one batch without unnecessary transshipment and costly intermediate operations: cooling, tearing off, conditioning, thermal moisture treatment.

As soon as the drying material reaches a conditioned humidity, which is determined by the display of the automated weighing system 16, from the sensor sensors 15 located between the frame 13 and the subframe 14, the furnace unit 11, the fans 10 and 12 are turned off. At the hinges, the lower exhaust fan 12 is turned to the side, the rotary pipe 9 is connected to the lower diffuser, and the exhaust fan 12 is turned and fixed to the upper diffuser. The fans 10 are turned on and the unheated ambient air is supplied through channel 6 to the chamber 1. This air leaving air distribution grill 2, carry out further cooling and unloading of the dried material through the window 33 opened by the shutter 34, into the discharge tray 32. At the end of the discharge, the shutter 34 of the window 33 is closed. The screws 20 and 21 form a new even predetermined layer of raw material in the chamber 1, and then turn on the fans 10, 12 and the furnace block 11 to continue drying the newly loaded wet material.

Before drying the rolls, bales, bags and lumber of wood, the transverse screw 20 is first dismantled, and then the longitudinal 21 is dismantled together with the trolley conveyor 22 and its moving mechanism 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Before the drying chamber 1, the track 4 is mounted on rollers tray 37 for drying rolls, the diameter of which determines the width of the drying chamber 1.

A distinctive color paint in circular lines on a blank pallet 37 mark the installation location of each roll. In the center of each circle, holes of smaller diameter are made through which the drying agent moves during drying.

Loaded with rolls, the pallet 37 through the open door is pushed into the drying chamber 1 using electric winch 38. The tightness of the connection of the pallet 37 with the walls of the chamber 1 provide labyrinth seals. Drying in rolls is carried out in the above manner. A tray 37 with dried rolls is pushed out of the chamber 1 by another electric winch 38.

For drying bales, bags with elite seeds, stacks of sawn timber, use a trellised pallet 37.

Claims (1)

Universal energy-saving aerial trench with automated control for drying bulk and non-bulk materials of crop production, for example, a pile of seeds of grain, leguminous, fodder, industrial, medicinal crops or chopped masses of the whole crop of these crops, as well as vegetables, root crops, fruits, as well as flax straw, flax seeds and other crop production in rolls, bales, bags and timber, contains a sealed chamber, a bottom and a ceiling of air distribution grilles with openings tii and carriages, sliders, levers, air ducts, diffusers with louver shutters, rotary nozzle, axial fans, furnace block, upper and lower exhaust fans, frame, subframe, loading and unloading trays, discharge windows, shutters, inspection windows, samplers, pallets, electric winches, openings of air distribution grilles, rail track, characterized in that it is equipped with: an automated system for weighing the material in the drying chamber from sensor sensors, electronic sensors: o relative humidity, temperature, speed of movement of the drying and spent agents, interchangeable adapters, including transverse and longitudinal screws, a cart conveyor with a moving mechanism, pallets with a computer program that controls an effective low-temperature three-stage, convective drying, one-time for any source material.

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