RU2639378C1 - Anti-aircraft gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: anti-aircraft gun contains a barrel, a breech mechanism, a recoil mechanism, hydraulic drives and a frame rotating in two planes. The first hydraulic drive controls horizontal movement, the second hydraulic drive controls the vertical movement. The hydraulic drives are connected to a source of hydraulic pressure and are controlled by the valves connected to the control lever. The direction of this lever coincides with the direction of the barrel.EFFECT: improved convenience of guidance, speed and accuracy of guidance of an anti-aircraft gun on targets.2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to anti-aircraft artillery.

Despite the widespread development of various types of anti-aircraft systems from S-400 to Verba MANPADS, and despite the number of available Pantsir and Tunguska systems (both see the Internet), we can confidently say that the lower boundary of our airspace is virtually unprotected.

The fact is that all of our anti-aircraft missiles have a radio command guidance system. Including the shell. And this means that all the Shells and Tungusks can be destroyed by anti-radar missiles without firing a single missile. And if they manage to release it, then they will immediately be forced to turn off the radio guidance channel so as not to be hit by an anti-radar missile (but even this does not always save, since anti-radar missiles fly as before on an infrared target). Left without radio guidance, the Shell rockets will fall ... with a finger into the sky!

No wonder smart Jews equipped their Qatar-1 missile with the same performance characteristics as their Qatar-1 active radar seeker. And not without reason smart Indians bought the Israeli Cathars, and not our Armor.

As for the cannon armament of the Shell, its guns have increased dispersion. That is, you can really get out of this gun only "point blank" (and then, if the target does not maneuver, but flies like in a parade). A large amount of interference and false radar targets can make the armor cannons completely useless.

And no matter how bad the Carapace, you can’t even pester it to every bridge, factory, port, elevator, house.

Maybe our sky will be saved by MANPADS "Igla" and "Willow". But at the first glance at their stabilizers and steering wheels it becomes clear how small the possibilities for their maneuvering are! The overload of the target for them is not indicated in open sources, but the fact that in the Chechen conflict there were 128 MANPADS launches per one downed Russian plane or helicopter (!), Both Strel and Eagle and Stinger say that this the umbrella is also full of holes. An experienced pilot of a supersonic aircraft, using MANPAD restrictions on maneuverability, altitude and speed, as well as infrared traps, will easily get away from the rocket. I'm not talking about weather conditions anymore - fog, rain, snow - and all Needles and Willows become useless.

But the lower atmosphere now is the zone of passage of cruise missiles, especially nuclear ones. And control over it is a matter of life and death. It is clear that the enemy is not a fool, and will not send his cruise missiles without cover. They will be covered by clouds of jammers, fighters, carriers of anti-radar missiles, false targets. Subversive actions are also possible. The enemy will attack at night, in bad weather, which impedes visual and infrared visibility.

Under these conditions, it is time to recall the undeservedly forgotten and supposedly “obsolete” anti-aircraft guns with manual guidance (not entirely manual, but more on that below). Moreover, at a new level, anti-aircraft shells with a caliber of 45 mm and more should be “smart”, that is, they must have contactless laser fuses, for example, according to my invention, pat. No. 2412427, exploding when flying at a minimum distance from the target or when hit by a target. Shells with a caliber of 125-152 mm should have a homing system such as shells "Krasnopol", only infrared. For their simple and reliable guidance along an intersecting path, you can use my invention pat. No. 2400590.

The weak point of manual aiming was determining the range to the target. With the modern development of electronics and mass production, laser sights will become so cheap that their mass application will become possible (laser roulette costs only a few thousand).

It’s advisable to make 125-152 mm caliber guns based on artillery systems of tank towers from decommissioned tanks, you just need to increase the elevation angle of the barrel. You can ease their armor to the level of the ability to install such towers on carriers such as BMP or on obsolete tanks of the T-64 type and the like (they are good because they are free - they cost nothing, because they are decommissioned). It is advisable to use the appeared television systems for detecting and holding targets in the gun’s sight. The use of such a system will increase the efficiency of the gun by an order of magnitude compared to manual guidance, including when firing at ground targets.

This invention is intended for anti-aircraft guns with a caliber of 23-100 mm. It implies a simple, but perhaps the MOST EFFECTIVE, according to the criterion “efficiency / cost” manual guidance with the use of hydraulic boosters. However, with the cheapening of mass production of the aforementioned telesystems with thermal imagers, their parallel use on manual anti-aircraft guns is also possible.

This invention became possible with my invention of recoil devices of guns with the accumulation of fluid pressure in the accumulator (there is a separate application for the invention). That is, when shooting, the anti-aircraft gun itself recharges its hydraulic accumulator.

History, as you know, develops in a dialectical spiral, and hydraulic hand guns equipped with “smart” shells and a special convenient guidance system in a new round of this spiral will become a formidable weapon. Moreover, which is nice, not only anti-aircraft - small-caliber guns can effectively deal with enemy infantry and light armored vehicles. And the 125-152 mm cannons, as they were, will remain a powerful means of universal use - from direct-fire shooting at tanks, to mounted shooting at a remote target, with laser or infrared shells.

Special attention should be paid to the sight. Currently, a television sight has become cheaper than an optical one - in a Beeline smartphone for 1800 rubles. (2016 prices) there is a 3.2 megapixel video camera. and a 4-inch display. That is, the cost of a camera with a display of about 1000 rubles. Not much more expensive than this will cost a thermal imaging sight.

In connection with the expanding use of laser systems for suppressing air defense systems, there is a danger of blindness of the gunner during visual guidance, and the "burning" of television and thermal imaging aiming systems. To prevent this, the gunner’s eyes and sight should be protected by rapidly darkening glass (this is used by electric welders in their masks) and optical filters.

It is better to use single-barrel guns, since double-barreled guns on a light bed will elastically deform the latter, which will negatively affect the accuracy of the shot.

30-mm guns have become obsolete as anti-aircraft guns. They were initially inferior in this capacity, because "for simplicity" their caliber and ammunition were unified with aviation. The main disadvantage of this caliber is the senselessness of supplying these shells with remote laser fuses, since the cost of a fuse is significant compared to a shell, and the fragmentation effect of a 30-mm shell is weak.

Particularly indicative were the 30-mm guns at demonstrational (!) Firing for the television program "Polygon". Four Pantsir installations launched 3 stages each of a medium-sized drone flying straight, low, at a constant speed. Finger to the sky! What can we say about the maneuvering aircraft.

Based on these considerations, it is rational to use a caliber of 45-57 mm as a "small" caliber. And if you consider that firing bursts from a light frame will lead to its vibration, it is better to prefer a pace, but single firing 57-mm caliber. That is, it is better to bet on single but aimed shots than on massive but inaccurate shooting from a twitching and bouncing gun. The 57 mm caliber is also good at firing at all ground targets, except for tanks.

With such a caliber, the practical interval between shots is unlikely to be less than 2 seconds ("startle" after the shot and the subsequent new tip), so you can even use extremely simple manual loading. True, manual loading is problematic at an elevation angle of more than 70 degrees. But you can apply semi-automatic.

To increase the energy of the shell fragments, it is advisable to apply my inventions No. 2476812 and 2476813, that is, to place the finished striking elements in a checkerboard pattern and untwist the shell in the barrel to the maximum possible speed (the speed of rotation of the fragments vector sums up from the speed of the explosion).

At the first stage of the war, the main task of such anti-aircraft guns is to intercept nuclear cruise missiles, and at the second stage, the defense of troops and important objects from air and ground attacks. But perhaps the most important purpose of such guns in the second stage will be the fight against small drones. Indeed, in a meter-by-meter-sized airplane flying at an altitude of several kilometers, you will not get from either a 30-mm gun, nor from MANPADS, and from nothing at all. But the 57-mm shell that exploded 10-15 meters from the drone will almost certainly damage it. Especially if you provide for drones special small-fragmentation shells stuffed with finished tungsten cubes 1.5-2 mm in size or tungsten wires with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10-15 mm.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the convenience, speed and accuracy of pointing the gun at a flying target.

The aiming of modern guns includes aiming along two axes - vertical and horizontal. At the same time, in order to direct the gun to the lead point of a fast flying target, coordinated actions in these two directions are needed. The human psyche is not able to simultaneously control two such subtle and complex processes. And two different people who control one - the horizontal, the second - the vertical, are also not able to act to the right degree in a coordinated manner. No wonder the anti-aircraft gunners of American ships during World War II did not even try to aim directly at the enemy aircraft, but put up a screen, creating a continuous wall of anti-aircraft projectile tracks in the path of the attacking aircraft.

This tool has, as usual, a barrel, a bolt, a retractable mechanism and a rotary bed in two planes, and also has a horizontal and vertical hydraulic actuator connected to a hydraulic pressure source and controlled by spools connected to a control lever, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the barrel .

The source of hydraulic pressure can be a hydraulic accumulator recharged from a hydraulic recoil mechanism (see separate invention).

The control lever may have a pistol grip or any other at the end.

In FIG. 1 shows this tool, and in FIG. 2 shows a simplified vertical control system.

The gun contains a barrel 1 on a hydraulic recoil mechanism 2, rotatably arranged in two planes on the bed 3. The recoil mechanism has a crosshead 4, on which a control lever 5 is placed on a ball or cardan joint.

The control lever 5 has a pistol type handle at one end, and is connected at the other end to a spool 6 having a piston 7, as well as an inlet and two outlets of hydraulic fluid.

The gun works like this: the gunner points a lever parallel to the barrel at the target. In this case, the movement of the control lever 5 up or down leads to the displacement of the piston 7 in the spool 6, and the fluid enters one of the cavities of the vertical aiming hydraulic cylinder (not shown).

The aiming of the gun horizontally is carried out by the same control lever 5, but for this purpose it is deflected horizontally. At the same time, a spool similar to that described is triggered, and the hydraulic fluid enters the reversible rotational hydraulic motor, which turns the implement.

The gaps in the spools between the piston and the spool outlets should be minimal (even micro-leaks are allowed). In the idle position, to prevent fluid leakage, the inlets of the spools or the outlet of the hydraulic pressure source must be closed by taps.

Thus, any movement of the control lever 5 leads to a parallel movement of the barrel. That is, the gunner points the control lever at the target, and the gun barrel is always directed in the same direction. Parallax correction possible.

Aiming is carried out on a thermal imaging, television or backup collimator sight mounted on a control lever. It is also possible to aim using a television tracking system (similar to that installed on the “Bahce”).

Claims (2)

1. An anti-aircraft gun containing a barrel, a bolt, a recoil mechanism and a rotary bed in two planes, characterized in that it has a hydraulic actuator that controls the horizontal movement, and a hydraulic actuator that controls the vertical movement, connected to a hydraulic pressure source and controlled by spools connected to control lever, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the barrel. 2. The gun under item 1, characterized in that the source of hydraulic pressure is a hydraulic accumulator, recharged from a hydraulic rolling mechanism.

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