RU2818147C1 - Tank armament system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a complex of weapons of armored equipment. Tank armament system includes armament in the form of stabilized gun placed in armored object turret. On the gun there is a platform for attachment of weapons, which is synchronized with movements of the gun along the horizontal and along the guidance vertical. Platform is located above tank turret and is adjusted with possibility of installation of different types, quantity of weapons and ammunition, including of the NATO standard. Gun with attached platform with weapons and ammunition is adjusted and provides moment of gun unbalance. Crew detects, guides and hits the target with the weapon installed on the platform by means of the tank weapons control system.

EFFECT: improved combat characteristics of tanks.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to armored vehicles, aimed at increasing the armament capabilities of armored vehicles and can be used during the modernization of the weapon systems of the T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90 tanks and in the design of new armored objects.

Modern armored vehicles and those previously produced have an armament complex, including: a fire control system, weapons, ammunition, an automatic loading system (source: mybiblioteka.su. Armament complex of the T-72 tank).

The fire control system (FCS) is designed to detect and recognize targets, determine initial data for firing, target and stabilize weapons. Firing and monitoring the result of firing, the control system includes a weapon stabilizer, aiming devices, night, day, observation devices, orientation devices. However, armored vehicles equipped with a range of weapons, in particular tanks, in service with the Russian army and foreign countries in the conditions of modern combat use, particularly in Ukraine, have shown a number of shortcomings associated with the installed weapons. Thus, the tanks most widely involved in battles: T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90 were designed and respectively armed for use in the battles of the 70s-80s. Lack of stabilized heavy machine guns and grenade launchers. The use of standard 7.62 mm machine guns against modern infantry dressed in body armor up to class 6 protection, Kevlar helmets, has become ineffective (source: mk.ru Article. An expert explained why the SVO can retire the Terminators. Author: Sergey Valchenko.25 February 2023) Infantry armed with anti-tank weapons, in the conditions of hostilities in Ukraine, began to pose a great threat to armored vehicles, including tanks. In addition, the use of tanks in a constantly changing situation necessitates the use of additional weapons, including NATO weapons that are not available and are not integrated into the tank’s armament complex.

Installing additional weapons on a tank in the field is not possible or takes a lot of time. In order to support tanks in modern combat conditions, BMPTs are used with additional types of weapons. However, BMPT military equipment turned out to be expensive to manufacture and ineffective against infantry due to the lack of large-caliber machine guns (source: topvar.ru Military Review. Is the BMPT “Terminator” expensive, unnecessary and old? August 21, 22 Author: Roman Skomorokhov). There are many known armored vehicles using a range of weapons. (Rykov F.S. - Armored vehicles of Russia. Publishing House of Slavic Books LLC, 2009). The most common among them are tanks. Among the tanks, the most popular are the T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90. The weapon system provides visibility, accurate target identification, meteorological and ballistic data and their recording when firing, minimal time for preparing a shot, and firing from a place and on the move. Duplicate work of the crew to find and hit the target.

The armament complex of the T-72 and T-64 tanks was taken as an analogue.

T-72, including: weapons, ammunition, fire control system, automatic loading system. The basis of the T-72 tank’s armament complex is the D-81TM smoothbore gun, stabilized in two guidance planes. Auxiliary weapons include a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun coaxial with a cannon, a ZU-72 with a 12.7 mm NSVT Utes anti-aircraft machine gun, a 90LB system, a machine gun, a pistol, grenades (source: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Main Armored Directorate. Tank T-72B technical description and operating instructions. Moscow. Military publishing house, 1995. Editor A.G.

The basis of the T-64 armament complex is the D2A26 smoothbore gun, the TPD-2-49 sight, the 2E23 stabilizer, the 12.7 mm NSVT “Utes” machine gun, and the 7.62 (PKT) machine gun coaxial with the gun. In addition, the armament complex of the T-80 tank is known, the basis of which is a smoothbore gun, stabilized in 2 guidance planes, and auxiliary armament: a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun coaxial with a gun, ZU-72 with 12.7 mm. NSVT "UTES" machine gun, 90 LB system. (source: rem-battalion.ru. M.O. USSR. Main Armored Directorate. Tank T-80B. Technical description and operating instructions. Book I. Moscow. Military publishing house 1984).

The disadvantages of the analogue are:

- lack of a stabilized heavy machine gun that allows firing from moving and closed positions;

- inability to quickly install various types of firearms depending on the requirements of the conditions of the upcoming clash;

- the barrel of a 7.62 mm machine gun coaxial with a cannon is located at the height of the average height of a soldier, which creates conditions for advancing infantry to come under fire from their own tank (T-64) (“friendly fire”);

- the 7.62 mm machine gun, located low in the turret, does not hit targets located behind an obstacle or on a hill;

- the Utes anti-aircraft machine gun is not stabilized, which makes it difficult to fire effectively while the tank is moving;

- it is impossible to quickly install additional types of weapons without significantly modernizing and increasing the cost of the tank;

- the use of a tank cannon shot where it is possible to solve a combat mission using a large-caliber machine gun and, as a result, an additional shot increases the wear of the gun barrel;

- slow firing from a cannon (up to 10 rounds per minute) compared to firing a heavy machine gun at a lightly armored target and hitting the latter.

- firing from a 7.62 mm machine gun does not provide a guaranteed defeat of enemy personnel due to the use of SIBZ (body armor, Kevlar helmets) by infantry;

- the lack of possibility of using NATO weapons without deep modernization of the entire tank’s armament complex;

- the inability to install various additional weapons on tanks as part of a platoon to obtain a synergistic effect from the use of various types of weapons on the same modifications of tanks when solving a combat mission.

- noise and gas pollution in the fighting compartment at the time of firing from a cannon and a 7.62 mm machine gun.

The objectives of the technical solution are:

- Increasing the number of weapons integrated into the tank’s armament complex by installing a stabilized platform with the ability to mount various types of weapons and target fire from them using the tank’s standard instruments;

- Destruction of enemy personnel in combat by firing from a large-caliber machine gun mounted on a platform integrated with the tank’s sighting system;

- Destruction of enemy personnel in combat by firing from AGS-17 or AGS-30 grenade launchers installed on a stabilized platform;

- Destruction of enemy personnel in a clash by using NATO weapons installed on a platform using the tank’s sighting system;

- Use of sights and stabilizer of the tank’s control system to ensure guidance and firing of weapons placed on the platform;

- Increasing the sector of fire of a tank weapon installed on a platform by raising the platform above the surface of the tank turret;

- Increasing the survivability (resource) of a tank's gun due to a possible solution to the problem of destroying lightly armored targets, lightweight field-type shelters, and enemy manpower at a distance of up to 2000 meters with a cheaper weapon - a heavy machine gun.

- Increasing the number and variety of weapons used to solve a combat mission by a tank platoon by installing on stabilized tank platforms various types of weapons necessary to solve a combat mission by a tank platoon;

The task is solved due to the fact that the tank's armament complex, including a fire control system, weapons, ammunition, a loading system, characterized in that a platform is attached to a vertically and horizontally stabilized gun, outside the armored vehicle turret with a center of balance above the gun trunnion, mounted on the platform ammunition, a machine gun with an electric trigger, the bore of the machine gun is synchronized in the direction of fire with the bore of the gun and the sighting system of the armored object, the electric trigger of the machine gun is connected by a wire to the firing control panel located in the armored object.

In addition, the tank’s armament complex is different:

- installation on an AGS 17 or AGS-30 platform with an electric release.

- installation of a large-caliber machine gun with an electric trigger on the platform.

- installation on the platform of two large-caliber machine guns with separate electric triggers;

- installation of armor protection on the platform, protecting weapons mounted on the platform or on the surface of the tank turret from bullets and shrapnel;

- installation of ammunition for weapons on the turret;

- carrying out a combat mission as part of a platoon, mounting various weapon options on tank platforms: machine guns for one tank, an AGS for a second, a heavy machine gun for a third.

- installation of NATO-style weapons with electric trigger on the platform.

There is a cause-and-effect relationship between the set of essential features of the declared tank armament complex. Namely: target detection, use of weapons, including while the tank is moving. Installation of a platform attached to the gun parallel to the bore above the trunnion outside the tank turret, ensuring a moment of imbalance along with the gun and the platform. By installing an additional weapon, a machine gun, on the platform, ensuring a static moment of imbalance between the gun and the platform and the machine gun with ammunition. Standard weights attached to the gun barrel are used when adjusting the imbalance. The crew's use of the mode of stabilized observation and targeting of weapons mounted on the platform, using the standard tank control panel, as well as the commander's target designation mode. A shot from a weapon installed on the platform after pointing through the gun's guidance devices is carried out by the crew using a remote control by sending an electrical impulse through a wire from the tank's on-board network (26+-1 V), to the electric trigger of the weapon installed on the platform (large-caliber machine gun, AGS, including NATO standard ). Ammunition for the weapon can be placed both on the platform and on the turret of the tank. The weapon platform can be protected from bullets and shrapnel by an armored sheet mounted on the platform or on the surface of the tank turret.

The use of a platform with weapons on tanks as part of a tank platoon provides firepower comparable to an BMPT and allows a tank platoon to solve a combat mission without a BMPT.

The technical solution allows:

- install a stabilized platform on the tank to accommodate additional weapons

- Install on the tank platform and integrate into the tank’s armament complex additional weapons to combat enemy manpower and lightly armored vehicles;

- integrate NATO standard weapons into the tank’s armament complex;

- quickly rearm the tank with different types of weapons and ammunition necessary to solve the combat mission;

- improve the conditions for the crew to be in the tank turret during firing by reducing the noise from shots;

- increase the life of the tank gun barrel;

- increase the speed of hitting and destroying lightly armored targets and infantry;

- increase the sector of fire from a heavy machine gun while the tank is moving;

- increase the firepower of a tank platoon in the fight against enemy personnel and refuse to support BMPTs in battle.

The technical essence of the proposed solution is illustrated by the sketches of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the left side of the tank turret with a platform mounted on the cannon and a heavy machine gun with ammunition attached to it.

In FIG. 2 view A. shows a tank turret with an installed platform and a heavy machine gun with ammunition

In FIG. 3rd view B. Shows a tank turret with a platform and a heavy machine gun with installed armor protection.

The structural elements in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 are designated and designed as follows:

1. The tank’s gun is fixed in the turret and ensures that the moment of imbalance is within the standard (29.4 N*m) Source: 125 mm 2A42M tank gun. Benefit. Author S.V. Yurko and others. Minsk. BNTU 2016 pp. 96, 103.

2. The gun barrel of the T-72, T-64 tank is fixed in a cradle, which is attached to the tank turret on axles with the ability to lift and lower the gun barrel vertically.

3. The cradle is fixed to the turret by means of 2 axles, the gun barrel is fixed in the cradle, and the mask is attached to the cradle.

4. Trunnions provide connection between the cradle and the turret, on which the gun is hung, ensuring the moment of imbalance according to the design documentation.

5. Armored turret rotating horizontally, a structure housing crew members and a weapon system, including guns.

6. The mask is attached to the cradle and has the ability to move in a vertical plane along with the cradle and the gun barrel. The mask is made of armor and protects the cradle from bullets and shrapnel.

7. The clamp wraps around the mask and is attached to the mask with one end of the stand, at the other ends of which the platform is fixed.

8. The racks provide attachment to the mantlet and hold the machine gun platform parallel to the gun bore above the trunnions on the outside of the turret.

9. The platform, which has a cantilever connection with the racks, is located above the tower and is balanced together with the cannon above the trunnions. A machine gun with ammunition, balanced with a cannon, is placed and secured on the platform.

10. The axis of the gun channel is horizontal.

11. A large-caliber machine gun is placed and rigidly fixed on the platform, ensuring the requirements for the balance of the gun.

12. Ammunition with cartridges is attached to the weapon or on the surface of the platform.

13. The axis of the machine gun and cannon barrel is vertical, aligned.

14. Electric trigger device, which provides the ability to remotely fire a shot from a heavy machine gun by the crew by transmitting an electric pulse through a wire from the control panel.

15. The wire connects the electric trigger of the machine gun and the control panel located in the turret. The wire is connected to the tank's on-board electrical network.

16. The firing control panel is located in the turret and is connected by wire to the electric trigger of a large-caliber machine gun. The remote control is controlled by the crew.

17. Armor protection is installed on the platform and protects the platform, heavy machine gun with ammunition from bullets and shrapnel during battle.

18. Cargo. A standard weight placed on the gun barrel, providing a static imbalance of the gun of 29.4 N.*m. with an advantage over the muzzle (standard for a 2A42 gun).

The "Tank Armament Complex" device functionally interacts during combat use as follows FIG. 1, FIG. 2: in the stowed position, the gun of tank 1 is on the stopper. The barrel 2 is installed in the cradle 3, which is attached to the turret 5 on trunnions 4 and ensures the moment of unbalance of the gun 1 within the limits of the standard with a load of 18. The mask 6 of the gun 1 is attached to the cradle 3, the ends of the posts 8 are attached to the mask 6 with a clamp 7, which are attached at opposite ends to the platform 9 and form a console with the platform located parallel to the horizontal axis of the gun barrel 10. A large-caliber machine gun 11 with ammunition 12 is mounted on the platform 9, which, together with the platform 9, ensures the moment of unbalance of the gun 1 within the limits of the FIG standard. 2. The heavy machine gun 11 on the platform 9 is mounted with its barrel in the direction of the gun 1's shot and is fixed to form a combined vertical axis 13 of the gun barrel 1 and the barrel of the heavy machine gun. The large-caliber machine gun 11 is equipped with an electric trigger 14, which is connected by an electrical wire 15 to the control panel 16, which is controlled by the crew located in the turret 5 of the tank.

Combat firing both from a tank stop and from a heavy machine gun mounted on a platform occurs as follows:

The tank commander determines the combat target of the standard fire control system. The gunner points the gun 1 at the target and presses the control panel 16, after which the electrical signal through wire 15 hits the electric trigger 14 of the machine gun 11 and a shot occurs. The bullet flies in the direction of the target from the bore of the machine gun 11, which is aligned with the axis of the gun bore 13 vertically and installed parallel to the bore of the gun horizontally 10. The bullet hits the target. The combat mission is completed.

FIG. 3. The installed armor protection 17 on the platform 9 protects the platform 9 and the weapon 11 with ammunition 12 from bullets and shrapnel during battle. Feasibility study of the invention.

The use of this invention on tanks used in the conflict in Ukraine will allow:

- increase the fire capabilities of an individual tank and tanks in a platoon,

- increase the striking force of an individual tank and tanks in a platoon Calculation:

There are 3 tanks in a tank platoon. The number of tanks participating in the conflict in Ukraine on the Russian side is approximately 900 tanks.

The number of BMPTs required to man and support tanks in battle (1 BMPT supports 3 tanks). Accordingly, 900 tanks/3 = 300 BMPT.

For full-fledged tank platoons, 300 BMPTs are required. Cost 1 unit. BMPT 50 million rubles.

Consequently, 300 BMPT cost 50 million rubles * 300 = 15,000 million rubles.

In this case, it is necessary to prepare and staff the BMPT with personnel.

One BMPT crew consists of 5 people.

Accordingly, the minimum number of military personnel for recruitment is 300

BMPT requires 5 people * 300 = 1500 people.

Monetary allowance for 1 serviceman is 190 thousand rubles per month

Accordingly, 1500 people. * 190,000 rubles = 258 million rubles per month

Per year 258 million rubles * 12 months = 3420 million rubles.

Costs only for the purchase of BMPT and maintenance of personnel will amount to 15,000 million rubles + 3,420 million rubles = 18,420 million rubles per year.

To these costs it is necessary to add the costs of personnel insurance and the cost of fuel and lubricants and maintenance of BMPT (data are not available in open sources). The cost of manufacturing and implementing the invention on 1 tank is 50 thousand rubles. The time for manufacturing the design of the invention and adapting it to tanks is 4 hours. Crew training time is 2 hours.

Equipping 900 tanks with a platform will amount to: 50 thousand rubles * 900 = 45 million rubles.

Installation of weapons (machine gun or grenade launcher). The price of one heavy machine gun is 100 thousand rubles. 100 thousand rubles * 900 = 90 million rubles.

The total cost of modernizing 900 tanks will be: 90 million rubles + 45 million rubles = 135 million rubles. The savings from the use of this invention will be: 18420 million rubles - 135 million rubles. = 18285 million rubles. in year.

Literature

1. Khokhlov N.I. etc. Combat compartment of an armored vehicle. Patent No. 2542681 IPC. F41H 5/20. Priority dated October 29, 2013 Published February 20, 2015 Patent holder OJSC KBP im. acad. A.G. Shipunova" Tula. The patent is valid.

2. Avromenko D.N. etc. Unified combat module of a tank. Patent No. 2767813 IPC. F41H 5/10. Priority dated June 16, 2021 Publ. 03/22/22 Patent holder UKBTM JSC.

Claims (5)

1. A tank armament complex, including a fire control system, weapons, ammunition, a loading system, characterized in that a platform is attached to the gun on racks, which forms a console above the surface of the tank turret to ensure a static moment of unbalance of the gun, a machine gun with an electric trigger is installed on the platform and ammunition, or AGS 17, or AGS-40 with electric trigger, or a cannon with electric trigger, or two large-caliber machine guns with electric trigger, which together with the gun are adjusted to ensure a static moment of unbalance of the gun, the barrel bore of a machine gun with electric trigger, or AGS 17, or AGS- 40 with an electric trigger, or a gun with an electric trigger, or two large-caliber machine guns with an electric trigger, synchronized in the firing direction with the gun barrel, the fire control system of the tank is designed to aim the gun at the target together with the platform and an installed machine gun with an electric trigger, or AGS 17, or AGS- 40 with an electric trigger, or a gun with an electric trigger, or two large-caliber machine guns with an electric trigger, the electric trigger of which is connected by wire to a remote control located in the tank turret for firing by a crew member. 2. The weapon complex according to clause 1, characterized by the installation of NATO-style weapons on the platform. 3. The weapon complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the installation of ammunition for weapons on the turret. 4. Weapons complex according to any of paragraphs. 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the installation of armor protection on the tank turret, protecting the weapon from bullets and shrapnel. 5. Weapons complex according to any of paragraphs. 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the installation of armor protection on the tank gun platform, protecting the weapon from bullets and shrapnel.

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