RU2370723C1 - Gun house of armored vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: gun house (GH) of armored vehicle comprises armored aluminium hood accommodating sights of commander and gunner with stabilisation and head mirror guidance unit. Front part of aforesaid armored cap supports armored mask with weapon unit pivoted thereto. Weapon unit comprises gun-launcher unit (GLU), automatic gun (AG) and machine gun. Armored mask is articulated with weapon unit vertical guidance drive. Armored cap rear part accommodates the hatch with GLU cartridge case extraction mechanism and radio station antenna. Horizontal guidance unit drive and WU basket are attached to armored cap base. WU basket represents a suspension and round floor supporting GLU loading automatic device, AG magazines and hoses, as well as instruments of automatic fire control. Armored cap represents decahedral-truncated pyramid made up of flat sheets of armored aluminium of various thickness.

EFFECT: fire accuracy and rate of battle run fire.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of design of combat compartments (BO) of objects of armored vehicles, and specifically, to the design of BO combat vehicles of ground forces of the light weight category (BMP, BMD, armored personnel carrier, etc.).

The BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle is known (BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Technical description. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Moscow, 1972, p. 14), which has a BO located in the middle of the vehicle’s body between the partition of the power compartment and fencing landing seats. BO includes an armored cap with a hanging basket. The cone-shaped armor cap is welded from curved steel armor plates. It has installed:

- smoothbore gun of caliber 73 mm;

- coaxial machine gun;

- gun loading mechanism;

- sight;

- control equipment;

- drive guidance;

- observation devices;

- operator's hatch;

- hatch issuing shots with anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM).

On the suspended rotating floor of the basket are installed:

- mechanized stacking of 40 high-explosive fragmentation (HE) rounds for a smooth-bore gun;

- operator's seat with a PTURS control panel;

- cartridge case with magazine for coaxial machine gun;

- styling for two shots with ATGM.

On the barrel and armor mask of the gun mounted bracket for ATGM. To place high-explosive (HE) rounds and load them into a gun, a semi-automatic loading mechanism is provided in the BO. To point the gun, coaxial machine gun and ATGM into the target, a periscope combined sight and electric drive of guidance in vertical and horizontal planes are installed in the BO.

The disadvantages of BOs are low firepower due to the small caliber of the main gun, low power of the shot, low rate of fire and accuracy.

Closest to the claimed object is the design of the combat infantry fighting vehicle BMP-3 (Military Parade magazine No. 2, March-April 1997, pp. 98-101). In the BO posted jobs commander and operator-gunner. The BO armor cap is cone-shaped, made of curved armored aluminum sheets. A weapon block is installed in the armored cap, consisting of the guns placed in the armored mask - a launcher (OPU), an automatic gun (AP) and a machine gun. From the OPU, you can fire both conventional shells and ATGM. The power supply system for the AP is made in the form of two separate stores located on the left and right around the perimeter of the floor of the BO. Between the stores of the power supply system of the AP is located an automatic loader of HE shots in the OPU, which contains mechanized styling and a feed mechanism with a rammer. Behind the gunner placed in the form of clamps with fixed shots from them ATGM. In the aft part of the roof of the armored hood is placed a hatch with a mechanism for ejection of sleeve OPU. The gunner’s sight is equipped with a gunner’s aiming device that is electrically connected to the drives of the weapon and the armor’s cap, gunner’s sight and backup, commander’s sight mechanically connected to the drives, and the commander’s observation device. An optical quantum rangefinder is installed on the control panel outside.

The disadvantages of BM BMP-3 are:

1. Relatively low accuracy on the move and at night.

2. The impossibility of firing from closed positions.

3. Lack of autonomous topographic location and terrain orientation.

4. The high cost of equipment for the manufacture of armored caps.

5. The increased vulnerability of the combat vehicle on the battlefield due to the need to stop it for the gunner to manually load a shot from the ATGM.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of equipment for the manufacture of an armored cap and increase the efficiency of the BO by eliminating these drawbacks, as well as:

1. Improvement of the conditions for landing a combat vehicle.

2. Increasing the rate of fire of the HE projectile by reducing the path of moving the shot from a mechanized stacking into the barrel of the firearm and combining loading operations.

3. Improving the rate of fire of ATGMs by automating the loading process.

4. Improvements in visibility of the commander’s sight.

5. Improve crew safety.

The problem is solved by the fighting compartment (BO) of an armored object containing an armored aluminum cap, on the roof of which a commander’s sight and a gunner’s sight with a stabilization and guidance unit for the head mirror are installed. In front of the armor cap, an armor mask is pivotally fixed with a weapon block in the form of a gun - a launcher (OPU), an automatic gun (AP) and a machine gun. The armor mask is kinematically connected with the vertical guidance of the weapon block. In the aft part of the armored cap there is a sunroof with a mechanism for ejection of shell liners and a radio station antenna. A horizontal guidance drive and a BO basket in the form of a suspension and a round floor are attached to the base of the armored cap with an automatic control system for loading them with the main mechanized stacking of shots and additional stacking of ATGM, magazines and sleeves for ammunition AP and machine gun, as well as instruments and mechanisms of an automated system fire control. New in the solution is that the armored cap is made in the form of a ten-sided symmetric truncated pyramid symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, welded from flat sheets of armored aluminum of various thicknesses. The side faces of the pyramid are inclined to the base plane at different angles. The commander’s sight is made panoramic and equipped with a rotating head mirror with an outer cap. On the line connecting the axis of rotation of the outer cap of the commander’s sight with the antenna of the radio station, a wind sensor and a sensor unit of the coordinate measurement system and GPS are installed. To the left of the rotating outer cap of the commander’s sight in the area shaded by the stabilization and aiming unit of the gunner’s aiming mirror, there is a rack with a sprayer for the commander’s sighting glass cleaning system. The hatch mechanism for ejection of shells OPU mounted on the rear wall of the armored cap and using a lever system connected to the moving parts of the OPU at the time of their rollback. The OPU loading automatic machine is made screw with the possibility of tilting the shot from a vertical position to the loading angle, as well as kinematic communication with the OPU from the moment the shot enters the loading chamber until it is set to the loading angle and the shot is sent at the loading angle. The main mechanized stacking of shots is equipped with a quick-detachable fence, providing protection for fuses of shots from mechanical influences. Additional stacking of shots with ATGM made mechanized and placed along the radius of the floor with the ability to move the shot with ATGM in a vertical position from the center of the BO in the main mechanized installation.

The ratio of the mass of the armored cap to its volume is 679-680 kg / m ³ .

The diameter of the basket is determined from the ratio:

D _to = 2A + B + 2D _in + 4S (mm),

where: A is the width of the seat of the crew member of the BO;

B is the width of the armament block in the area of the crew of the BO;

D _in - the maximum diameter of the shot;

S = 90-100 mm - lateral clearance between the weapon unit and the crew of the BO.

The axis of rotation of the outer cap of the commander’s sight is located at a distance of 0.6-0.8 R _k from the longitudinal axis of the BO, and the axis of the landing flange of the gunner’s sight is located at a distance of 0.5-0.7 R _k , where R _k - BO basket radius.

The implementation of the armored cap in the form of a hexagonal symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axis of the truncated pyramid, welded from flat sheets of armored aluminum of various thicknesses, the inclination of the side faces of the pyramid to the plane of the base at different angles allows to reduce the cost of equipment for the manufacture of armored cap, to ensure the use of mounted armor from flat elements, and also provide the optimal value for the ratio of the mass of the armored cap to its volume. The installation on the line connecting the axis of rotation of the outer cap of the commander’s sight with the antenna of the radio station, wind sensor, sensor unit of the coordinate measurement system and GPS, improves the conditions of landing of the combat vehicle by eliminating the engagement of the slings of the parachute system for the protruding elements of the armored cap when the combat vehicle leaves the hatch aircraft and parachute deployment, provide topographic location and terrain orientation, firing from closed positions, increase visibility and accuracy of firing on the go and someone. The indicated ratios of lateral placement of sights provide a more rational layout of BOs.

Placing a rack with a spray gun for cleaning the protective glass of the commander’s sight in the area shaded by the stabilization and aiming unit of the head mirror of the gunner’s sight improves the visibility of the terrain by the BO commander. Installing the hatch of the mechanism for ejecting the shells of the OPU on the rear wall of the armored cap and connecting it with the lever system to the moving parts of the OPU at the time of their rollback, the automatic machine for loading the OPU with a screw with the possibility of tilting the shot with an HE shell or ATGM from a vertical position to the loading angle, and also kinematic communication with the OPU from the moment the shot enters the loading chamber to the installation on the loading angle and retaking the shot at the loading angle provides an increase in the rate of fire of the OPU, as well as the possibility of omaticheskogo loading shots ATGM.

Performing the basic mechanized stacking of shots with a quick-detachable fence increases the safety of the crew during combat work and, if necessary, urgently leave the car. Performing additional stacking of shots with ATGM - mechanized and placing it along the radius of the floor with the possibility of moving the shot with ATGM in a vertical position from the center of the BO to the main mechanized installation, provides automatic loading of shots with ATGM when the vehicle is moving, since the shaking that does not result in this influence on the operation of the loading mechanism.

Determination of the diameter of the basket from the ratio:

D _to = 2A + B + 2D _in + 4S (mm),

provides the minimum volume of a two-seat BW in comparison with the BW of the BMP-3 vehicle, and therefore, improves the conditions for landing of a combat vehicle.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. 1 a side view of the fighting compartment is shown, in Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the BO, in Fig. 3 is a top view of the BO, in Fig. 4 is a rear view of the BO, in Fig. .5 - view of the floor of the BO.

The fighting compartment is designed to detect, identify, defeat targets, deploy and protect the crew of the BO, as well as deploy weapons and fire control systems. The BO is mounted on the chassis of combat vehicles in order to increase their combat capabilities through effective firing with anti-tank missiles and high-explosive shells at ground targets day and night, from the spot, on the move and afloat, both from the gunner’s position and from the commander’s place. In addition, provided shooting from AP and machine gun.

The fighting compartment of the armored object contains an armor cap 1 with a commander’s sight 2 and a gunner’s sight 3 mounted on it. In front of the armor cap, a weapon block is mounted pivotally with an armor mask 4, which consists of a gun-launcher 5, an automatic gun 6 and a machine gun 7. The rotation of the armament unit in a vertical plane is carried out by a vertical guidance drive 8. In the aft part of the armored hood 1 there is a mechanism for ejecting OPU shells 9. The drive is horizontally attached to the base of the armored hood 1 10th guidance and a basket of BO, consisting of a suspension 11 and floor 12. On the floor 12 there is an automatic loader 13 with mechanized stacking of shots, consisting of the main mechanized stacking of shots 14 and additional mechanized stacking of shots from ATGM 15. Inside the main mechanized stacking of shots 14 are located 16 stores with power supply sleeves. The stores have 30 seats fixed for the crew of the BO.

On the floor 12 there is also a power supply store for a machine gun 17 with a sleeve, as well as instruments and mechanisms of an automated fire control system 18.

The armor cap 1 is made in the form of a hexagonal symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axis of the truncated pyramid, welded from flat sheets of armored aluminum of various thicknesses. Depending on the course angles, the faces of the pyramid have a different slope to the base of the pyramid. On the roof of the armored cap 1 at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the BO equal to 0.6-0.8 R _k , where R _k is the radius of the BO basket, a rotating mirror is placed with the outer cap 28 of the panoramic sight of the commander 2. In line with the axis of rotation of the outer the cap 28 in the zone "E", shaded by the wind sensor 19, installed the sensor unit of the coordinate measurement system and GPS 20, as well as the antenna of the radio station 21.

At a distance of 0.5-0.7 R _k from the longitudinal axis of the BO passes the axis of the landing flange 29 of the combined day-night sight of the gunner 3. To the left of the rotating outer cap 28 of the sight of the commander 2 in zone "K", shaded by the stabilization unit and aiming the head mirror 22 of the gunner’s sight 3, a rack 23 with a sprayer 24 of the protective glass cleaning system of the sight of the commander 2 is located. Hatch 25 of the ejection sleeve shell of the OPU is located on the rear wall of the armor cap and is connected to the OPU through a system of levers. The automatic loader of the gun 13 is made screw and provides a slope of the shot 26 from a vertical position to the loading angle. At the same time, it is displayed at the loading angle of the rocket launcher, after which a shot is sent to the barrel of the rocket launcher. Automatic loading guns 13 provides loading as unguided rounds with high-explosive shells, and rounds with ATGM. To ensure the protection of fuses of shots 26 from mechanical stresses, the main mechanized stacking of shots 14 is equipped with a quick-detachable fence 27 and is made in the form of a ring with cells for placing shots 26.

Additional mechanized stacking of shots with ATGM 15 is located along the radius of the floor and provides a shot with ATGM in one of the cells of the main mechanized stacking of shots 14.

The proposed design of the fighting compartment of the armored object provides:

1. Detection and recognition of targets.

2. The choice of the type of ammunition, automatic loading and firing from the OPU, AP and machine gun in any sequence. From the gunner’s place — stabilized guidance of the line of sight of the gunner’s remote control and weapons, firing of unguided ammunition from place, on the move and afloat at ground targets from weapons of the BO and ATGM from the command and control unit from the spot, on the move, afloat, firing from place at air targets from AP. From the commander’s place - stabilized all-round visibility of the terrain, directing weapons and firing from place, unmanned ammunition from the anti-aircraft guns, APs, and machine guns, machine guns, targeting the gunner, firing at air targets from APs, dubbing firing from the gunner’s guided missiles .

3. Measurement of the range to the target from the commander and gunner.

4. The ability to fire all types of ammunition from the places of the gunner and commander at night in the entire range of vision ranges.

Thus, the proposed technical solution made it possible to increase the accuracy characteristics of firing on the move and at night, to provide targeted shooting from closed positions and to improve the visibility of the commander’s sight. At the same time, the rate of fire of the OPU increased and orientation on the ground and topographic location of the combat vehicle were ensured. Along with this, the complexity of the equipment for the manufacture of the armored cap has decreased and the safety of the maintenance of the fighting compartment has increased. The rate of fire with shots from ATGMs increased and the vulnerability of the combat vehicle on the battlefield decreased due to automation of the loading process. The conditions for landing a combat vehicle have improved due to a more rational layout of BOs.

Claims (4)

1. The fighting compartment (BO) of an armored object containing an armored aluminum cap, on the roof of which a commander’s sight and a gunner’s sight with a stabilization and aiming unit of the head mirror are mounted, an armor mask with a weapon block in the form of a gun-launcher is pivotally fixed in the front part of the armored cap ( OPU), automatic cannon (AP) and machine gun, kinematically connected with the drive of vertical guidance of the weapon block, in the aft part of the armor cap there is a hatch with a mechanism for ejecting the shells of the OPU and the antenna of the radio station The armored cap is attached with a horizontal guidance drive and a BO basket in the form of a suspension and a round floor with an automatic ballistic loading device placed on it with the main mechanized stacking of shots and additional stacking of shots with anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM), magazines and hoses for AP ammunition and a machine gun, as well as instruments and mechanisms of an automated fire control system, characterized in that the armored cap is made in the form of a hexagonal symmetrical relatively long axis of the truncated pyramid, welded from flat sheets of armored aluminum of various thicknesses, the side faces of the pyramid are inclined to the plane of the base at different angles, the commander’s sight is made panoramic and equipped with a rotating head mirror with an outer cap, on a line connecting the axis of rotation of the outer cap of the commander’s sight with the antenna radio stations, a wind sensor and a sensor unit of the coordinate measurement system and GPS are installed, to the left of the outer cap of the commander’s sight in the area shaded by the stabilization and guidance unit the gunner’s sight’s sight mirror has a rack with a sprayer for the commander’s sight glass for cleaning the protective glass of the guard’s barrel ejection mechanism mounted on the rear wall of the armor cap and is connected to the moving parts of the guard at the moment of their rollback by the lever system; the guard’s automatic loader is tilted shots from a vertical position to the loading angle, as well as kinematic communication with the control gear from the moment the shot enters the loading chamber to the installation of the loading angle and sending trills at the loading angle, the main mechanized stacking of shots is equipped with a quick-detachable fence that provides protection for fuse shots from mechanical impacts, and the additional stacking of shots with ATGMs is mechanized and placed along the radius of the floor with the possibility of moving the shot from ATGM in a vertical position from the center of the guns to the main mechanized stacking . 2. The fighting compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass of the armored cap to its volume is 679-680 kg / m ³ . 3. The fighting compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the basket is determined from the ratio
D _k = 2A + B + 2D _in + 4S (mm)
where A is the width of the seat of a crew member of the BO, mm;
B is the width of the weapon block in the area of the crew of the BO, mm
D _in - the maximum diameter of the shot, mm;
S = 90-100 mm - lateral clearance between the weapon unit and the crew of the BO. 4. The fighting compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the outer cap of the commander’s sight is located at a distance of 0.6-0.8R _to the longitudinal axis of the BO, and the axis of the landing flange of the gunner’s sight is at a distance of 0, 5-0.7R _k , where R _k is the radius of the BO basket.

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