RU2630263C2 - Staroverov-4 mortar /versions/ - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: mortar contains a base plate, trunk and tripod. In the first version, the mortar has one or more longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the barrel for air discharge. These grooves in the anterior part of the trunk have one total cross-sectional area, then this area increases. According to the second version, the mortar along the length of the trunk on its inner surface has four sections with different cross-section: in the anterior part of the trunk near the barrel the barrel has a circular section with a diameter equal to the diameter of the mine, or with a gap smaller 0.2 mm, The next section has one or more longitudinal grooves for discharging air, which have a certain total cross-sectional area, in the next section this area increases. In both versions at a distance from the bottom of the trunk, larger than the distance from the tail end of the mine to the minelayers the grooves end.

EFFECT: increase the accuracy of fire.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to artillery, more specifically, to mortars. The invention forms a new subclass of mortars.

Mortars of the "classical" scheme are known. They have a small range and accuracy. Known breech-loading mortars, see, for example, patent No.RU 2293941, but the presence of a bolt complicates, complicates and increases the cost of the design, and also leads to leakage of powder gases and to a decrease in rate of fire.

In order to win the mortar duel with the enemy mortars, it is advisable to have an increased range and accuracy of shots.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy of fire without compromising the combat and operational qualities of the mortar.

In a classic muzzle-loading mortar, the barrel is known to have a larger diameter than a mine. This is done with the aim of leaving compressed air from a deaf trunk. However, this allows the mine when departing from the barrel to deviate from the longitudinal axis of the barrel, which leads to a large dispersion of fire.

OPTION 1. In order for the mine to move exactly along the axis of the barrel when firing, this mortar has one or more longitudinal grooves for air release on the inner surface of the barrel. And the inner diameter of the barrel is reduced in comparison with the "classic". In this case, the mine during the shot moves along the barrel, which has almost the same diameter (the gap is 0-0.05 mm and is determined only by the accuracy of the technology), and therefore cannot deviate from the direction of the axis of the barrel.

In order to weaken the strength of the barrel less, it is desirable to have many small grooves than one large. With the number of grooves of more than 20-25, the trunk becomes very similar to a rifled trunk with the difference that the grooves are not spiral, but longitudinal. And they can be executed with the same tool.

Such a mortar works like this: a mine descends into the barrel, moves downward, while the air exits through the groove / grooves. Having reached the bottom of the barrel, the mine hits the capsule and shoots. The movement of mines occurs exactly along the axis of the barrel.

OPTION 2. The previous option is not the most rational. In this embodiment, the mortar has one or more longitudinal grooves for air release on the inner surface of the barrel, which in the front part of the barrel (hereinafter all directions are given relative to the direction of the shot) have one total cross-sectional area, then this area increases, and at a distance from the bottom of the trunk (more precisely, from the capsule), greater than the distance from the rear end of the mine to the midship of the mine, the groove / grooves break off.

It should be noted that a change in the groove / groove cross section can be carried out both by changing the depth of the groove / grooves and by changing the width of the groove / grooves.

The operation of this option is described below.

OPTION 3. This option is even more effective. In it, the trunk in four sections has a different section. The mortar has four sections along the length of the barrel on its inner surface with different cross-sections: in the front of the barrel (hereinafter all directions are given relative to the direction of the shot) near the barrel, the barrel has a circular cross section with a diameter equal to the diameter of the mine, or with a gap less than 0 , 2 mm (this is a matter of technology), the next section has one or more longitudinal grooves for air discharge, which have a certain total cross-sectional area, in the next section this area increases, and at a distance from the bottom of the trunk (more precisely - from the capsule), greater than the distance from the rear end of the mine to the midship of the mine (more precisely - to the sealing grooves), the groove / grooves break off.

This sectional view is shown in FIG. 1, the groove depth being shown exaggerated for clarity. Shown is barrel 1, groove 2 in the barrel and mine 3 in its lower position, in which it impinges on the capsule.

This mortar works like this: the mine sinks into the barrel and begins to sink in section 1 and compress the air in the barrel. We assume that the gap between the mine and the barrel is 0, and there is no air leak in this section. The mine will sink until the air pressure in the barrel balances its weight. We calculate this section: with the vertical position of the barrel for a 120 mm mortar, the barrel area is 113.1 cm2, mine weight is 16 kg, which means the equilibrium overpressure in the barrel is 16: 113.1 = 0.1414 atm. When the trunk is tilted by 45 degrees, this pressure will decrease to 0.10 atm. That is, the residual volume will be 91%, that is, the mine can fall by 9% of the barrel length (counting not by the liner, but by the midship of the mine, that is, by its sealing grooves). This is the length of the first section from the muzzle.

Then the mine lands on the second section, where a groove of a small section appears, allowing air to escape through it, and allowing the mine to sink lower into the barrel. Mina smoothly descends to the third section.

In the third section, the groove / groove cross section increases, air escapes more freely, and the mine picks up the speed necessary for the capsule to operate reliably.

Having gained this speed, the mine enters the fourth section, in which there is no groove. Since the air no longer has the ability to exit the rear of the barrel, we will assume, to a first approximation, that the mine in this section is not accelerated and not braked, but retains the speed gained.

The mine hits the capsule, the pressure in the barrel rises sharply, and the mine begins to move up. In this case, until the third section is reached, powder gases do not leave the barrel (for this, the fourth section was conceived).

Next, the mine enters the third section and there is some loss of powder gases, comparable to the mortar of the "classic" design.

In the second section, the cross section of the groove / grooves decreases sharply (3-4 times), and the loss of powder gases also decreases sharply.

Finally, the mine enters the first section, in which there is no groove, and the loss of powder gases again ceases. Due to the decrease in the total loss of powder gases, this mortar will shoot further than the same mortar of the "classic" design.

Approximately the mortar works according to option 2, with the exception of the first section.

OPTION 4. But it is possible to further reduce the loss of powder gases. To do this, during the shot, it is necessary to block the worst third section of the groove. To do this, the mortar has one or several pegs in the barrel in the groove area, which can overlap the groove in one or several places at its widest point, the pegs being driven by the gas cylinder directly from the powder gases or through a system of levers. The diameter of the pegs should be equal to or slightly larger than the width of the groove in this place.

This sectional view is shown in FIG. 2. In the fourth section of the barrel there is a gas cylinder with a piston 4, through two rockers 5 and 6, pressing on three pegs 7 (shown very simplified). Of course, the strength of all parts must be sufficient to withstand the pressure of the shot.

This option works as follows: the mine sinks into the barrel and passes through all four sections in the same way as in option 3. When fired, the powder gases press on the piston 4, which presses through the rocker 5 on the rocker 6 and three pegs 7, introducing them into the groove 2 The presence of pegs significantly reduces the leakage of powder gases through this groove.

The fourth option is more likely to be of theoretical interest, since the design of the weapon is greatly complicated, and the mortar loses its main advantages - simplicity, cheapness, and dependability. It is easier to increase the weight of gunpowder by 0.5% and thereby compensate for some loss of powder gases.

It can be estimated that the reduction in loss of powder gases in option 3 compared with the "classics" will be 3-4 times. The expected increase in the range of the shot is 5-10%. This should be used like this: for example, the enemy’s mortars fire 7 km, and ours - 7.5 km. To destroy the enemy’s mortar battery, you need to place your mortars at a distance of 7.2-7.3 km from the enemy’s battery and shoot it with impunity.

The second and third versions of the mortar have a slight drawback - due to the decreased average rate of landmines falling in the barrel, the practical rate of fire may decrease by 5-10%.

Claims (3)

1. A mortar containing a base plate, a barrel and a tripod, characterized in that it has one or more longitudinal grooves for releasing air on the inner surface of the barrel, which in the front of the barrel have one total cross-sectional area, then this area increases, and at a distance from the bottom of the barrel, a greater distance from the rear end of the mine to the midship of the mine, the groove / grooves break. 2. A mortar containing a base plate, a barrel and a tripod, characterized in that it has four sections along the length of the barrel on its inner surface with different cross sections: in the front of the barrel near the barrel, the barrel has a circular cross section with a diameter equal to the diameter of the mine, or with a gap of less than 0.2 mm, the next section has one or more longitudinal grooves for air discharge, which have a certain total cross-sectional area, in the next section this area increases, and at a distance from the bottom of the barrel, greater than the distance from dnego mines until the end of the midsection of the mines, the groove / grooves are cut off. 3. Mortar according to claim 2, characterized in that it has one or more pegs in the barrel in the groove area, which can overlap in one or more places the groove in its widest place, the pegs being driven directly by the gas cylinder from the powder gases or through a system of levers.

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