RU2525500C2 - Sporting-hunting scatter shots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rounds for smooth-bore guns, particularly to scatter shots. It aims at upping the target hitting efficiency at range identical to fire with lead shots. Proposed round comprises case with primer, powder charge, charge of shots in plastic container and self-decelerating obturator device. Thread laid in concentric circular rows is arranged in the space between container bottom and self-decelerating obturator top part. One end of said thread is secured at container bottom central bore while opposite end is secured at central part of self-decelerating obturator. Sad bores are aligned with round lengthwise axis while thread length is fixed for the rage of fire. After shot, self-decelerating obturator is decelerated by oncoming airflow nearby gun barrel muzzle. As thread unwinds and gets fully stretched, it abruptly stops the motion of advanced container with the charge of shots.

EFFECT: scatter of shots optimum for efficiency target hitting.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ammunition for sporting and hunting smooth-bore guns, namely to shot cartridges equipped with both lead and steel shots, the use of which in commercial and amateur hunting and for sport shooting on trench and round stands instead of toxic lead shot is ecological an event to reduce the human impact on the environment.

The main factors hindering the widespread use of steel shots in sporting and hunting ammunition are:

- an accelerated decrease in the flight speed of steel shots and a shorter effective firing range compared to lead, with an equal number and size of pellets in the cartridge, due to the lower specific gravity of steel with respect to lead;

- the lack of reliable and effective structural devices that provide an increase in the distance of flight of a shot projectile in the container until it separates from the container on the trajectory and adjusts the separation time depending on the range of the intended shooting in order to create the optimal scree for effective destruction;

- increased wear of the surface of the channels of the trunks and muzzle tapering due to the impact of steel shot due to its high hardness compared to lead.

In order to eliminate (reduce the influence) of these factors in known cartridges with steel shot, devices are used, for example wad-containers, having structural differences, aimed mainly at increasing the separation time of the wad-container from the shot, which allows to slightly increase the firing range, as well as reducing the possibility of damage to the surface of the channels of the trunks.

Known shot cartridge (see US patent No. 3669023, Mcl F42B 7/08, publ. 06/13/72), which is a sleeve with an igniter capsule, a powder charge, shot shot in a plastic case in the form of a cylindrical glass with an extension. The housing contains a guide chamber for a shot projectile and an obturating cuff. A shock absorber is installed at the bottom of the chamber. Camora to the level of the shock absorber consists of petals. On a cylindrical section, the petals are connected by jumpers-elements that can burst on the flight path of a shot projectile. There are no jumpers on the expanding section.

The disadvantage of this cartridge when used for equipment with steel shot is the ingress of grains between the petals on the connecting thin jumpers, which leads to unacceptable damage to the barrel bore and muzzle narrowing.

Known shot cartridge, consisting of a sleeve with a powder charge placed in it, an igniter capsule, a wad-container (see ed. St. USSR No. 1118846, Mcl F42B 7/04; F42B 7/08, from 01.26.83 or aut.St. USSR No. 1352169, M.cl. F42B 7/04; F42B 7/08, dated 06/19/86), which, in turn, contains a housing with a guide, a chamber for a shot shell and an obturating cuff. The body is made of plastic in the form of a glass with a solid side wall, a central hole in the bottom of the body, open or closed by a destructible diaphragm. In the chamber between the shot and the bottom there is a movable shock absorber piston interacting with powder gases and regulating the beginning of the shot projectile.

The disadvantage of this cartridge is the lack of the ability to control the time of separation of the shot projectile depending on the estimated range of destruction of the target.

Another disadvantage is the lack of structural elements of forcing during the movement of the wad-container in the sleeve channel and the trunk.

Known for the prototype is a sporting and hunting shotgun cartridge, consisting of a sleeve, in which are placed: a powder charge, an igniter capsule, a shotgun wad-container containing a plastic case with a guide, a shotgun chamber, an obturating cuff and a shock absorber mounted on the bottom of the camera ( see ed. St. USSR No. 1607552, M. Cl. F42B 7/04; F42B 7/08, 04/11/1989). On the outer surface of the wad-container body at the bottom, elastic separator petals are formed, which are folded in a conical recess made respectively on the body. Removal of part of the petals before the cartridge’s equipment, otherwise by changing the “sail” of the wad-container, it is possible to select the required range for separating it from the shot shell, which helps to obtain the optimal scree of shot shots at different ranges of hitting the target (target).

Accordingly, for shooting at short distances (15-20 meters) the “sailing” of the wad-container should be the greatest. When leaving one pair of petals, a condition is created for the slow separation of the wad-container from the shot, which corresponds to a farther firing distance (35-40 meters).

The disadvantage of such a cartridge when equipped with steel shot is that the process of braking a shot projectile begins almost immediately after it leaves the barrel from the barrel, i.e. after the gases flowing from the bore at the time of aftereffect cease to act on the bottom of the container.

In this regard, a lighter steel shotgun in mass compared to a lead steel shot, having a lower flight speed when separated from the wad-container, loses it more intensively on the trajectory and is not able to create the optimal density of talus and save the energy of a single shot, sufficient to hit the target ( targets) at long ranges close to the capabilities of a lead shot projectile of the same size. Moreover, in view of the fact that the process of separating the shot projectile from the container is not stable by itself, with this design it cannot be carried out at a fixed point in the trajectory, which is optimal for the subsequent formation of the desired scree on approach to the target and its destruction with grains that have remained equal to lead shot stock of kinetic energy.

The task of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of hitting targets (targets) with steel shot at firing ranges similar to lead shot.

According to the invention, the solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a sporting and hunting shotgun cartridge containing a cartridge case with an igniter capsule, a powder charge, a shot shell in a plastic container, a self-braking obturating device, new is that in the cavity formed between the bottom of the container and the upper part of the self-braking obturation device is laid with annular concentric rows of thread, one end of which is fixed in the central hole in the bottom of the container, and the other in the center part of a self-braking obturation device, while the holes are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, and the length of the thread is fixed for the range of firing ranges of this cartridge.

The foregoing is illustrated in the drawing, where:

- in FIG. shows a sporting and hunting shotgun cartridge in the context.

A sporting and hunting shotgun cartridge consists of a sleeve with a primer 1, a powder charge 2, a shotgun 3 in a plastic container 4, a self-braking plastic obturation device 5. Between the bottom of the container 4 and the upper part of the self-braking obturating device 5, the ring concentric thread 6, one end 7 of which is fixed in the central hole in the bottom of the container, and the other 8 is similarly in the central part of the self-braking obturation device 5. Both holes TIFA coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the cartridge and the length of the filament 6 is fixed to the cartridge firing ranges range data.

After firing with this cartridge, a self-braking obturation device 5 is inhibited from the impact of the oncoming air stream near the muzzle of the weapon barrel and as the thread 6 descends and is completely stretched, it stops (sharply slows down) the movement of the container 4 ahead of it with the shotgun 3, ensuring separation of the shotgun 3 into practically assumed point on the flight path and the formation of shot scree in the final flight section. Thus, the beginning of the separation of the shot projectile 3 from the container 4 occurs after the filament 6 is pulled out over its entire length at a fixed distance from the muzzle of the barrel, providing equal kinetic energy of the steel shot with the energy of the lead shot in a regular shot.

The length of the thread is fixed and established experimentally, depending on the caliber of the cartridge to ensure the required combat indicators (density of shot scree) within the following ranges of firing range: 20-30 meters; 35-50 meters; more than 50 meters.

To obtain the optimum scree of steel shotgun and effective destruction of targets (targets) at various firing ranges, it was experimentally established that for cartridges of caliber 12 the optimal length of the thread is:

- 10 m, for firing at a range of up to 20 m;

- 15 m, for firing at a range of up to 30 m;

- 25 m, for firing at a range of up to 50 m;

- 35 m, for firing at a range of more than 50 m.

The distance from the muzzle of the weapon at which the self-braking obturation device is braked, depending on the type and degree of utilization of the powder charge, the length of the barrel of the weapon and the design of its muzzle device, varies from 3 to 5 meters according to the experimental data.

Thus, in the General case, the distance from the muzzle end, at which the separation of the shot projectile from the container, corresponds to the dependence:

L _o.s. = L _n + L _t

where: L _o.s.d is the distance from the muzzle _end at which the shotgun is separated from the container;

L _n - the length of the thread;

L _t - distance from the muzzle end at which braking of the self-braking obturation device occurs.

The technical solution of the braking part, providing accelerated braking of a self-braking obturating device, which is part of the proposed cartridge, may be different, including in the form of known petals.

The proposed scheme for separating a shotgun from the container eliminates the influence of the separation process on the nature of the further flight of the shotgun, minimizes the dispersion of distances from the muzzle of the weapon of the moment of separation, and maintains the speed of shotgun shell at the time of separation, which is optimal for the formation of a scree of shotgun needed to effectively hit the target (targets) with steel shot at ranges similar to the capabilities of lead shot, with equal kinetic energy of individual for Basic pellets at the target. Moreover, since the chamber of the container for the shot has a continuous inner wall, damage to the barrel is eliminated by steel pellets.

For this technical solution, drawings have been developed and prototypes of a plastic container, a self-locking plastic obturating device with thread laying in a cavity formed between the bottom of the container and the upper part of the self-braking obturating device have been made. Their tests in equipped cartridges for various uses for hunting and shooting sport fully confirmed the possibility of obtaining a positive effect.

Claims (1)

A sporting and hunting shotgun cartridge containing a cartridge case with an igniter capsule, a powder charge, a shotgun shell in a plastic container and a self-braking obturating device, characterized in that in the cavity formed between the bottom of the container and the upper part of the self-braking obturating device, it is laid with ring concentric ring concentric a thread, one end of which is fixed in the Central hole in the bottom of the container, and the other in the Central part of the self-locking obturating device, while the holes are aligned s with the longitudinal axis of the cartridge and the length of the filament is fixed to the cartridge firing ranges range data.