RU2623146C1 - Method for biologically active concentrate production from maral skin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pharmacology.

SUBSTANCE: method for biologically active concentrate production from the maral skin, including skin is grinding to the state of minced meat and subjecting to enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by extraction by ultrasonic vibrations. Enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of pepsin and papain enzymes, with enzyme pepsin being introduced into the process at the beginning of the extraction, and papain - in the middle of the time period of extraction, after filtration, the extract is dried under certain conditions.

EFFECT: method allows to obtain biologically active concentrate from the maral skin and thereby expand the arsenal of maral breeding products.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the processing of reindeer herding products, and in particular to a method for producing biologically active concentrate from deer skin.

A known method of producing a soluble concentrate from by-products of antler reindeer husbandry, including water extraction of raw materials, crushed to a state of minced meat with a particle size of 3-5 mm, followed by filtration and vacuum drying of the extract at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C and a pressure of 0.9 atm, while the extraction of raw materials is carried out under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 37 kHz for 2-3 hours and with a ratio of raw materials: water for the tails and / or genitals of maral males 1: 3, for queens with fetuses and amniotic fluid 1: 1 at temperatures 45-50 ° C (RF Patent №2488401, publ. 27.07.2013, IPC A61K 35/12, A61K 3548).

This method, when used as raw materials for the tails and genitals, provides a high degree of extraction of biologically active substances with good solubility of the finished product, however, studies have revealed low efficiency by studies on the possibility of using this method in the processing of skin raw materials from deer to obtain soluble biologically active concentrate of this method for the yield of the finished product, probably due to morphological differences in the raw materials.

There is a method of producing biologically active extracts from antler reindeer products, including joint aqueous extraction of tails, genitals of males, uterus with fetuses and amniotic fluid, tendons, antlers and meat, minced to the state of minced meat, under the action of ultrasonic vibrations with a power of 37 kHz in the presence of pepsin enzyme at a temperature of 36-40 ° C, while the extraction process begins with the extraction of tendons with subsequent phased introduction into the extracted mass, an hour after the start of the process - the skin antlers, after two hours - tails and genitals of males, after four hours - queens with fruits and amniotic fluid and after six hours - meat, and each type of raw material is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4 and with the enzyme before entering the extraction process pepsin at the rate of 0.5% of the mixture of raw materials: water and pH 2-4, and after 12 hours from the beginning of the process, filter the extract. If there is a sufficient quantity of each type of raw material to load production capacities, extraction is carried out separately, while the extraction of tendons lasts for 12 hours, the skin of antlers 11 hours, the tails and genitals of males 10 hours, the uterus with fruits and amniotic fluid for 8 hours and meat 6 hours (see application No. 2015120158 dated 05/27/2015, IPC A61K 35/12, A61K 35/48).

Using this method allows to unify the technological parameters of water extraction during the processing of raw materials, that is, it allows to process both different types of raw materials at the same time, and each type individually, for example leather antlers. However, as shown by studies on the extraction of deer skin using this technology for 11 hours, putrefactive processes manifested in the appearance of an unpleasant odor are already evident at 8 hours of extraction, which is not observed with the joint use of raw materials, probably due to the constant phased introduction of fresh substance into extractable mass.

The skin of antlers of maral in its morphological structure differs from the skin of maral with more developed sebaceous glands, which prevents a higher content of adipose tissue, which protects the pant from hypothermia and frostbite, with early spring intensive growth of antlers. At the same time, the largest arterial blood and venous trunks, surrounded by a loose layer of connective tissue, lie in the antler’s skin, which in aggregate outlines a slightly different approach to technological methods and parameters when processing the antler’s skin compared to deer skin.

The total number of deer in only one Altai region is 80 thousand animals, with 7-10% of the deer population annually being rejected and slaughtered. With an average live weight of maral of 250 kg and a skin weight of 7% of the animal’s body weight (17.5 kg), up to 175 tons of skin are utilized annually, which, according to studies, are valuable biologically active raw materials.

It is necessary to develop a method for producing biologically active concentrate from deer skin, which allows expanding the raw material base of deer breeding products and more fully utilizing the potential of the industry.

This result is achieved by the fact that the method of producing a biologically active concentrate from deer skin involves grinding the skin to the state of minced meat, enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by extraction under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations with a power of 37 kHz and a temperature of 36-40 ° C, while enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of pepsin enzymes and papain with an activity of 30 thousand units with a ratio of raw materials: water 1: 3 at the rate of 0.5% of each enzyme from a mixture of raw materials: water for 6-8 hours, and the enzyme pepsin is introduced into the process at the beginning of stragirovaniya mixture and papain in the middle of the time period of the extraction process, the extract is dried after filtration is performed at a temperature not higher than 50 ° C and vacuum of 0.9 atm. After mixing the minced meat with water, the mixture is homogenized, and stirred during the extraction process.

Studies of the morphological features of the skin of antler deer showed that their skin has species and regional features, expressed in the polymorphism of the epidermis, the amount, shape and size of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Seasonal changes are expressed in the thickening of all layers of the skin in the autumn, the deposition of adipose tissue, hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. To study the deer skin in order to identify the possibility of using deer skin as a biologically active raw material used in the production of extracts and concentrates, biochemical studies of deer skin taken at the end of August were carried out.

Table 1 shows the results of studies of deer skin against the background of biochemical parameters of the skin of antlers and antlers.

As can be seen from table 1, maral skin has a rich spectrum of amino acids, and for some of them (arginine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine) exceeds or is at the level (valine, glycine, isoleucine) of their content in antlers, while the mass fraction protein is 60% higher than this in antlers. In addition, deer skin is characterized by a fairly high level of trace elements. The skin of deer antlers, sometimes used as biologically active raw materials, is also inferior to deer skin in a number of biochemical parameters. According to the peculiarities of the structure of deer skin, it is one of the blood depots, where it circulates up to 10% of all body blood. Glycogen is synthesized in the skin, carbohydrates are broken down, vitamin D is synthesized, contains structural proteins, collagen, reticulin, elastin, keratin, nucleoproteins and nucleic acids, glucose, glycogen, heparin, lipids.

In order to identify the optimal parameters of the technological process for producing biologically active concentrate from deer skin, a number of experimental experiments were carried out in the course of which previously used and positively affecting the output of biologically active substances in the processing of antler deer raw materials, such as 37 kHz ultrasound and temperature conditions, were used extraction of 36-40 ° C, enzymatic hydrolysis (pepsin, papain) with the first introduction of pepsin during the enzyme and drying the extract at a temperature of above 50 ° C and vacuum of 0.9 atm. In the course of the experiments, a search was made for a temporary extraction period that excludes the attenuation of the extract from the deer skin during the production of the concentrate, the optimal ratio of raw materials: water during extraction, the time the papain enzyme enters the process, and the doses of papain and pepsin enzymes that also affect the yield and quality of the final product (solids yield, sum of amino acids).

Table 2 shows the experimental data during the extraction of raw materials from deer skin, milled to the state of minced meat with a ratio of raw material: water 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, extraction time periods of 4, 6, 8, 10 hours, in the presence of pepsin enzyme, introduced into the process at the beginning of extraction, and papain with an activity of 30 thousand units, introduced into the process in the middle of the time period of the extraction process at a dose of each enzyme of 0.5% of the raw material: water mixture. The extraction process was carried out under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations with a power of 37 kHz at a temperature of 36-40 ° C. The extract was dried at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C and a vacuum of 0.9 atm.

Similar experiments were carried out with the introduction of papain into the extraction process, starting with one third (first experiment) and two thirds (second experiment) of the time periods of the extraction process, for example, when the extraction time was 6 hours, papain was introduced after 2 hours from the beginning of the process (one third time period), and in the second experiment, papain was administered after 4 hours from the start of the extraction process. The optimal time for introducing papain into the process turned out to be the middle of the time period (duration) of extraction, probably due to the fact that early administration of papain (first experiment) will not allow pepsin to completely break down peptide bonds, i.e. prepare the substance for optimal functioning of papain. As for the second experiment, the underestimated effectiveness of papain injection closer to the end of the process is associated with insufficient exposure time of papain.

Experiments to identify the optimal dose of the enzymes pepsin and papain were carried out at doses of 0.3%; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6% of the mixture of raw materials: water. At a dose of 0.4%, there was a decrease in the yield of solids by 11% compared with a dose of 0.5%, while this indicator at a dose of 0.6% remained at the level of use of a dose of enzymes in an amount of 0.5%.

As can be seen from table 2 and parallel experiments, the optimum parameters during the extraction process should be considered the ratio of raw materials: water 1: 3 with a temporary extraction period of 6-8 hours, in which no attenuation of the mixture (rotten odor) was observed, at an enzyme concentration of 0.5 % of the mixture of raw materials: water and the introduction of papain into the process from the middle of the time period of extraction.

Table 3 shows the comparative biochemical composition of the concentrates from the skin of antlers, antlers, and deer skin after drying the extract at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C and a vacuum of 0.9 atm to a moisture content of 4.6%.

According to research data (table 3), in the concentrates made from the above raw materials, there were no significant differences in the biochemical composition of biosubstances, with the exception of the total amino acid index (in the antler concentrate, this indicator is slightly lower), while the total protein is at the same level with almost the same ash content. In terms of microelement composition, a concentrate of maral skin is superior to antlers in the content of potassium, copper, sodium and zinc, significantly inferior to antlers in the content of calcium, manganese.

Studies on the adaptogenic, tonic and hypotensive effect of concentrates made from antler skin, deer skin and deer antler were evaluated by standard methods in laboratory animals, the results are presented in table 4.

A concentrate made from deer skin, by analogy with concentrates made from deer skin and from the base of antlers, has an adaptogenic, tonic and antihypertensive effect, and the values of these tests in deer skin are equal to or slightly higher than antlers, but are 11-40% lower than antlers. Taking into account that the yield of concentrate from antlers according to the established methodology is 64%, and that of concentrate from leather 88%, the difference in the biological activity of a unit of raw material eliminates the volume of output (less activity, but a large yield of concentrate).

Example. The deer skin taken in August is cleaned of impurities and ground in a mill to the state of mincemeat. 10 kg of crushed skin is mixed with 30 liters of distilled water (1: 3) and 20 g of pepsin and. After homogenizing the mixture, the extraction was carried out under the action of ultrasound with a power of 37 kHz at a temperature of 38 ° C for 8 hours, while 4 hours after the start of the extraction process, 20 g of papain with an activity of 30 thousand units were introduced into the mixture and the extraction process was continued with regular stirring . After 8 hours from the beginning of the process, the extract was filtered and dried at a temperature of 45 ° C and a vacuum of 0.9 atm to a moisture content of 5%, after which the resulting concentrate was packaged in an airtight container. The concentrate after grinding was a fine powder without putrid odor.

Thus, the technological methods of the claimed method of obtaining a concentrate from deer skin can produce a biologically active product from deer skin, equivalent in quality to the product from antlers (for example, adaptogenic, tonic and hypotensive effect), which determines the expansion of the raw material base of deer breeding products and a more complete harnessing industry potential.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a biologically active concentrate from deer skin, characterized in that the skin is ground to a state of minced meat and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis followed by extraction under ultrasonic vibrations with a power of 37 kHz and a temperature of 36-40 ° C, while enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of enzymes pepsin and papain with an activity of 30 thousand units with a ratio of raw materials: water 1: 3 at the rate of 0.5% of each enzyme from a mixture of raw materials: water for 6-8 hours, and the enzyme pepsin is introduced into the process at the beginning of the extraction mixture, and papain in the middle of the time period of the extraction process, and the extract is dried after filtration at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C and a vacuum of 0.9 atm. 2. The method according to p. 1 is characterized in that after mixing the minced meat with water and pepsin, the mixture is homogenized, and during the extraction, mixing is performed.