RU2618090C1 - Method for growing agricultural poultry at led lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: poultry feeding and watering and the influence of light on it are carried out. Agricultural poultry females are kept under LED lighting with the gradual reduction of daylight hours from 16 hours at 4 weeks of age to 8 hours at 26 weeks of age during the growing period, with the subsequent increase in daylight hours during the laying period to 16 hours by the 68-week-old age of the poultry. The females are then paired with males grown under fluorescent lighting.

EFFECT: reducing the electricity costs and increasing the reproductive qualities of poultry males and females.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to industrial poultry, and can be used to reduce the cost of energy and resources and increase the reproductive qualities of males and females of birds.

State of the art

Industrial poultry is the most energy-intensive livestock industry. About 40% of the electricity consumed by poultry farms is spent on lighting the premises. Basically, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps are used as light sources (for example, the EDEM biocomplex (patent application RU 9710777, publ. 03/27/1999).

A known method of growing broiler chickens (patent for the invention RU 2373702, publ. 27.11.2009). The method consists in the fact that broiler chickens are kept under a lighting mode that provides for daily turning off of the light 45 minutes earlier than the previous day, during the entire growing period, while feeding time every day is also carried out 45 minutes earlier than the previous ones.

The disadvantage of this method is the mismatch of this light regime with the biological rhythms of bird life, as well as the daily routine of the attendants is not taken into account.

A known method of keeping breeding cocks of egg crosses (patent for invention RU 2349083, publ. 20.03.2009). The method includes maintenance from 17 weeks of age to the end of the operating life in cellular conditions under a three-phase lighting regime - the first phase from 5 to 6 hours, the second from 8 to 12 hours and the third from 13 to 17 hours and feeding. Lighting and feeding are carried out synchronously. The amount of daily feed given to roosters is reduced by 15% of the amount consumed when fed ad libitum throughout the entire period of detention.

The disadvantage of this method is the mismatch of daily biorhythms and inconsistency with the longitude of daylight in this region.

A known method of intermittent lighting in poultry farming (patent RU 2558222, publ. 07/27/2015), including general lighting of the entire house during the maintenance of poultry and equipment by personnel and round-the-clock local lighting of only feeders or only drinkers. The feeders and drinking bowls are painted green according to technological expediency. Apply green light for local lighting at the same time feeders and drinking bowls. General lighting of the house is carried out with a light level of 2-6 lux. Local illumination is produced in four directions at the same time feeders and drinkers with a variable level of illumination depending on the age of the bird, the time of day and the time the feed passes through the intestines of the bird.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and multicomponent processes.

A known method of growing using LED lighting (patent for the invention RU 2351124, publ. 10.04.2009), which provides for feeding, drinking and optical exposure. On the chest area of broiler chickens at the age of one day, a single exposure to red light emitting diode radiation is carried out, the radiation of which is covered by a biologically active information matrix. The biologically active information matrix consists of a container with one of the biological components, subject to the following parameters: wavelength of 682 nm, pulse duration of 250 ns, pulse repetition rate of 80 Hz, radiation power of one LED 2.6 mW, radiation exposure 15 s.

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively high energy intensity and the complexity of the process, as well as the uncomfortable light mode for the staff.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a method for the technological increase in the productivity of young and adult birds, using LED sources of illumination when raising chickens and keeping adult chickens.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of electricity and increase the reproductive qualities of males and females of poultry. Reducing the cost of electricity, in turn, allows you to reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of farms.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of growing poultry under LED lighting includes feeding, drinking and light exposure, and, according to the invention, the female poultry is kept under LED lighting with a gradual reduction in daylight hours from 16 hours at 4 weeks of age to 8 hours at 26 weeks during the growing period, followed by an increase in daylight hours during oviposition to 16 hours by the 68-week-old age of the bird, then the females are mated with males raised When fluorescent lighting.

The implementation of the invention

After analyzing world experience, taking into account new trends in the field of lighting, it was decided to use light-emitting diodes as lighting sources, products from which have the following advantages.

- Energy saving. Energy savings of up to 80% make it possible to direct the released energy to other needs.

- Saving on operation and durability. No maintenance costs. The service life of the fixtures is up to 20 years (with 12-hour use). More than 100 thousand hours of operation (100 and 10 times more than incandescent and fluorescent lamps, respectively).

- Environmental safety, which eliminates the cost of special disposal and preserves the environment. Lack of mercury-containing components and electromagnetic radiation.

- Reliability in any climatic conditions. Stable lighting in the winter is provided due to the absence of problems with the inclusion, characteristic of all discharge lamps. Resistance to repeated switching on and off (this mode significantly reduces the service life of incandescent and fluorescent lamps). Reliable high-quality operation of LED lamps and indicators at ambient temperatures from -40 to + 60 ° C (climatic independence).

- No noise. LED lamps are absolutely silent, which makes them an indispensable source of light in places such as libraries, hospitals, offices, etc.

- Soft light without flickering. Conventional fluorescent lamps consume alternating current. Therefore, an invisible flicker occurs, 100-120 flashes per second. LED sources work from a direct current without blinking, which is much more favorable for human eyes.

- Durability and safety. Vandal-proof design of LED lamps and spotlights.

- Low heat dissipation and low supply voltage (usually 12 V).

LEDs, or light-emitting diodes (in the English version LED-lightemittingdiode), a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. They come in different glow colors, which is determined by the type of semiconductor materials used, forming a smooth transition. The main advantages of LED lamps in comparison with other types of lamps are significant energy savings, increased operating life (up to 12000-15000 hours), the absence of ultraviolet radiation, environmental friendliness, safety and practicality in use. LEDs are the latest innovation in the field of lighting. According to all expert estimates, it is the production of LED lamps that is becoming a very promising and popular direction.

The developed method for growing poultry under LED lighting is as follows.

Females of poultry are kept under LED lighting with a gradual reduction in daylight hours from 16 hours at 4 weeks of age to 8 hours at 26 weeks during the growing period, followed by an increase in daylight hours during oviposition to 16 hours to 68 weeks of age, then the females are mated with males raised under fluorescent lighting.

Examples of the claimed method of growing.

The studies were carried out in the agricultural holding “Kumskaya poultry factory” and JSC “Agroprogress” in the Stavropol Territory on the cross-country bird “COBB”.

For the formation of different light modes in all experiments, we used lightproof partitions and the necessary automation in electrical equipment. For these purposes, automatic program control devices of the 2-RVM type were used. To determine the illumination, a Yu-17 light meter was used. Temperature was measured with thermographs, and relative humidity with a hygrograph. The content of carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the air was determined using the OKA-MT universal gas analyzer.

During the experiments, the optimal indoor climate was within the normal range: carbon dioxide - 0.12-0.18% (volumetric ratio) and ammonia content - 5-9 milligrams per 1 m ³ .

During the experiments, zootechnical indicators were taken into account (live weight of chickens and adult hens, poultry safety, feed consumption per kilogram of live weight gain), adult poultry productivity (egg production, incubation quality of eggs).

For the experiment, 3 groups were taken from daily chickens of the January withdrawal of 150 animals each. Feeding and keeping conditions for chickens, and then laying hens, were the same for all experimental groups, with the exception of different lighting sources, under which young animals were grown and adult birds were kept.

Group 1 - chickens and young animals were kept under fluorescent lighting, both during the growing period and during the laying period;

Group 2 - used LED lighting both during rearing of young animals, and during the laying period of adult chickens;

Group 3 - incandescent lamps were used as a source of light during all periods of bird keeping.

At the age of 26 weeks, from groups of youngsters of groups 1 and 2, groups 4 and 5 were formed to determine the feasibility of raising males and females of chickens under different light sources.

Group 4 - chickens raised in group 2 mode (LED lighting) were mated with roosters raised in group 1 mode (fluorescent lighting);

Group 5 - chickens raised in group 1 mode (fluorescent lighting) were mated with roosters raised in group 2 mode (LED lighting). For the period of oviposition, 5 groups of young animals were formed, 100 animals each. The scheme of lighting conditions when growing young animals and keeping an adult bird, using various light sources, which are presented in table 1.

Young and adult chickens were kept in sections of a windowless house on the floor with a planting density of up to 9 weeks of age, 8.0 heads (400 sq. Cm per head), from 9 to 21 weeks - 4 heads per 1 m ² of floor area. For an adult bird, the density of planting is 3 heads per 1 m ² of floor area. The concrete floor was covered with dry shavings of 8-10 cm. As the litter became soiled, fresh shavings were laid on top.

The results of the incubation of chicken eggs of the experimental groups are shown in table 2.

Fertility of eggs obtained from chickens of the main groups (2 and 1) was quite high and amounted to 85.1% - 86.4%. However, in groups where roosters and hens were raised under different light sources (groups 4 and 5), egg fertility was higher than in the corresponding main groups (2 and 1), in which males and females were in identical conditions throughout the experiment lighting (table. 2). So, at the age of a bird of 8–9 months, the fertility of eggs in group 4 was 0.5% higher than in group 2. At the age of chickens 10–11 months, this difference was 3.5%, and by the end of the experiment, the fertility of eggs in group 4 was 7.3% higher, compared with group 2 (P> 0.99).

Similar differences occurred when comparing the indicators of groups 1 and 5. Fertilization of group 5 eggs was 4.2% higher at the age of the bird 10-11 months and 5.5% at the end of the laying period (P> 0.99).

Thus, characteristic of both additional groups (4 and 5) was a higher fertilization of eggs, especially at the end of the period of productive use of poultry. Due to the less pronounced decrease in the incubation quality of eggs by the end of the egg laying period, the final indicators of egg fertility in groups 4 and 5 for all bookmarks were higher by 2.6-3.0% than in the main groups 2 and 1 with P> 0.99 . Groups 4 and 5 differed from the main groups 2 and 1 in both hatchability and hatching.

So, in group 4, already at the age of 8–9 months, the hatching rate of chickens, both from the number of incubated and fertilized eggs, was 5.7–4.1% higher compared to group 2 (Table 2). The advantages of group 4 in terms of these indicators remain for the next months.

At the end of the experiments, hatchability of eggs was higher than 3.2% and hatching of chickens from the number of incubated eggs was higher by 3.8%. The difference in all cases is significant at P> 0.90 and P> 0.99. Similar differences occurred when comparing the indicators of hatchability of eggs and the hatching of chickens of groups 1 and 5. According to the results of all bookmarks, the hatching of chickens from laid eggs in group 4 and 5 was higher by 3.8 and 4.1% higher than in groups 2 and 1 The difference is statistically significant P greater than 0.99.

Thus, the data obtained in the experiment showed that the cultivation of roosters and chickens with different light sources allowed to increase the number of fertilized eggs by 2.8-3.1%. The best results on fertility and hatchability of eggs were obtained in group 4.

To create a complete picture of the reproductive abilities of chickens raised and kept under different light sources, in table. 3 summarizes all indicators characterizing the reproductive quality of the bird: egg production, fertilization, hatchability, and the number of chickens that can be obtained from one laying hen is calculated.

Calculations showed that in the number of chickens that can be obtained from one laying hen, group 2 had the advantage. The light mode using LED lighting, used in group 2, allowed for more than 7.1 and 12.6 daily chickens for each initial laying hen. than in groups 1 and 3.

If the number of chickens that can be obtained from one layer 1 group is taken as 100%, then in group 2 there will be 109.6%, respectively, and in group 3 only 89.0%.

Only by raising males and females under the conditions of various sources of illumination of light regimes from chickens of groups 4 and 5 can there be 4.0-3.2 diurnal chickens or 5.4-4.2% more per initial laying layer than in the corresponding main groups 2 and 1.

Summing up the results of the experiment, from the number of tested light regimes for meat chickens, one can consider the most favorable regime according to the type of group 4.

It should be noted that the introduction of sexually reared chickens from day old and the widespread use of artificial insemination create favorable conditions for the use of recommended light sources for males and females during their rearing.

Analyzing the results of the work, we can conclude that, among the tested light modes for breeding chickens, the second group mode can be considered the best: LED lighting with a gradual reduction in daylight hours from 16 hours at 4 weeks of age to 8 hours at 26 weeks (growing period) with its subsequent increase during oviposition up to 16 hours to the 68-week-old age of the bird. The extreme limits of contracting and increasing daylight hours (16 and 8 hours) approximately corresponded to the maximum and minimum of the natural longitude of the day in the region of the North Caucasus. This regime allowed for 10 months of egg laying to receive 163.5 eggs from each laying hen, which is 10.7 and 19.5 eggs higher than in groups 1 and 3 compared. Young animals of this group had a large live weight and were better preserved - 96.3% compared with 95.7 and 93.6% in other groups.

At 26 weeks of age, groups 4 and 5 were formed from among females of groups 2 and 1 to determine the feasibility of raising males and females under different light sources.

Mating of chickens and roosters raised under different light sources (groups 4 and 5) contributed to an increase in egg fertility by 3.5-3.3% and hatching by 4.8-2.9%.

Regarding the reasons for the higher rates of fertility and hatchability of eggs in groups 4 and 5, compared with groups 2 and 1, we have to admit that it is rather difficult to explain the observed phenomenon. If higher indicators were noted in one of the additional groups (4 and 5), then this could be attributed to the greater correspondence of this light regime to the needs of the rooster organism. In our experience, in both cases, when roosters and hens were raised under different, but with opposite light sources, the incubation rates of eggs turned out to be higher.

It is now known that the usual fluctuations in environmental conditions (including illumination) do not significantly change the established rate of the mutation process, and if differences in living conditions cause differentiation of germ cells, which appears to be viability of the zygote, then this occurrence can be represented as the genetic differentiation of the population, located in different external conditions or induced by external conditions, the differences in the conditions of the light regimes of organisms should obviously have not a genetic, but a physiologist -mechanical character differentiation of germ cells under the influence of the external environment.

In the works of E.Ya. Borisenko (1939); B.L. Astaurova (1956, 1967) and others so emphasized the beneficial effects of the differentiation of sexual elements under the influence of living conditions. According to academician B.L. Astaurova (1968) the cultivation of producers (inbred) in different environmental conditions can cause a phenomenon similar to heterosis in offspring. It is possible that a similar phenomenon has occurred in our experience.

Thus, the claimed method of growing agricultural poultry under LED lighting reduces energy costs and increases the reproductive qualities of males and females of poultry, which, in turn, allows to reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of farms.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention showed that the set of essential features of the claimed method for growing poultry is not known from the prior art and therefore meets the patentability condition "Novelty".

In the prior art there were no signs that coincided with the distinguishing features of the claimed invention and affecting the achievement of the claimed technical result, therefore, the claimed invention meets the patentability condition "Inventive step".

The above information confirms the possibility of using the claimed method in agriculture, namely in industrial poultry farming, and therefore, the claimed method of growing agricultural poultry under LED lighting meets the patentability condition "Industrial Applicability".

Claims (1)

A method of growing poultry under LED lighting, including feeding, drinking and light exposure, characterized in that the female poultry is kept under LED lighting with a gradual reduction in daylight hours from 16 hours at 4 weeks of age to 8 hours at 26 weeks during the growing period from a subsequent increase in daylight hours during oviposition up to 16 hours by the 68-week-old age of the bird, then the females are mated with males raised under fluorescent lighting.

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