RU2616424C1 - Method for improving poultry embryos viability - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: selection of embryos is carried out on the 18th day of incubation. L-carnitine diluted with saline solution to the concentration of 0.4% in the volume of 0.5 ml is injected in extraembryonal liquid by means of one-time piercing of the membrane under the shell. The eggs are moved into the hatcher until the end of incubation.

EFFECT: stimulating the energy exchange of a developing embryo during incubation and increasing the healthy young stock output.

1 ex, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to poultry farming, namely to incubation of poultry, and can be used to develop methods for the correction of metabolic processes in a developing bird embryo.

Modern selection of agricultural birds, aimed at a high growth rate and adverse environmental conditions, has led to a number of metabolic disorders, especially in the lipid metabolism of the body. In particular, there is an additional deposition of lipids in the liver (fatty degeneration), which leads to a violation of its functions, a significant increase in the deposition of abdominal fat, which ultimately affects the quality of the products. These changes are observed already in the embryonic period, which negatively affects both the viability of the embryos (decrease in hatchability of eggs) and the decrease in the natural resistance of the bird in the postnatal period.

Known methods for aerosol treatment of hatching eggs before laying for incubation or when transferred to the conclusion (in 18.5 days of incubation) with biologically active substances such as L-lysine [Kochish II L-lysine protection of broiler chickens under oxidative stress / I.I. Kochish, V.A. Lukicheva, E.Yu. Penshina // Materials of the XVII International Conference "Innovative Development and Their Development in Industrial Poultry". - 2012. - S. 575-577], succinic acid [Azarnova T. Prevention of hypoglycemic and hypoenergetic conditions of the body of chicken embryos / T. Azarnova // Poultry farming. - 2012. - No. 4. - S. 47-49], drugs "ribav" [Azarnova T.O. The use of RIBAS and succinate to stimulate the natural resistance of chickens at different stages of ontogenesis / T.O. Azarnova, S.Yu. Zaitsev, M.S. Naydensky, L.Yu. Azarnova, E.B. Ponomareva // Dokl. RAAS. - 2010. - No. 1. - S. 46-47], “limontar” [Ageeva K.M. Processing eggs of chicken meat with an environmentally friendly drug Limontar to stimulate embryonic and postembryonic development of chickens: dis. can biol. sciences / K.M. Ageeva. M. - 2006. - 115 p.], And others. The authors found that even a single treatment of biologically active substances in critical periods of development in the embryonic or early postembryonic period of ontogenesis affects the entire subsequent development program of the animal organism and, therefore, their productive characteristics.

The need to optimize the lipid and energy metabolism of poultry requires the use of biologically active substances. One of the key substances that stimulate the oxidation of fatty acids for energy is, according to published data, L-carnitine [Kolman J. Visual biochemistry / J. Colman, K.-G. Rem. - M .: Mir, 2000. - 469 p.]. This drug has been successfully used for a long time both in medicine and in agricultural practice, including in poultry farming. So, it is recommended that daily chickens be fed with preparations containing 5% L-carnitine in an amount of 1-2 ml / l of drinking water [Okolelova TM, Mansurov R.Sh., Shevyakov AN and other Methodological instructions on the use of drugs that stimulate the productivity and vitality of poultry / Under the general editorship of academician of the RAS V. I. Fisinin, Doctor of Biological Sciences, prof. Okolelova T.M. Methodical instructions. - S .: Publishing House. - 2015. - 30 p.]. As a result of the use of these drugs in chickens, feed conversion improves and, as a result, the average daily growth increases by 18.5%; the safety of chickens is increased by 41% [Sazonov A.A., Novikova S.V. Strolitin feed additive - the basis for increasing the productivity of laying hens // Veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. - No. 16. - 2013]. However, the use of L-carnitine in the embryonic period has not been studied.

The closest way to optimize the lipid and energy metabolism of developing agricultural embryos poultry is a method of aerosol treatment of eggs with L-lysine (RF Patent No. 2490883), which is a direct biochemical precursor of L-carnitine. The disadvantage of this method is that when aerosolizing the surface of the egg shell, the amount of active substance available to the embryo is unknown - approximately 0.14 mg of the drug enters the surface of the shell, but it is impossible to say how much substance will penetrate the shell pores and overcome the shell membranes.

In the proposed method, the delivery to the embryo of a biologically active substance (L-carnitine) is carried out by direct injection of the solution into the incubated egg. Using the method allows to stimulate the energy exchange of the developing embryo during the critical incubation period (before hatching) and increase the percentage of successfully hatched chicks.

Concrete example

The experiments were carried out on embryos of chickens in the meat direction of productivity. 18 days after laying the eggs, eggs with live embryos were taken from the setter. The injection site was chosen visually by ovoscopy from the side of the pug (the blunt end of the egg). A hole with a diameter of 1 mm was made in a chosen place for injection in a shell previously disinfected with alcohol, then a shell was pierced with a syringe with a needle with a diameter of 0.3 mm and the solution was injected into extraembryonic fluid. The amount of active substance was administered based on the recommendations for the use of this drug in pediatrics - based on 50 mg / kg body weight [Kopelevich V.M. Vitamin-like compounds L-carnitine and acetyl L-carnitine: from biochemical studies to medical use // Ukr. bioxim. journal - 2005. - t. 77 - No. 4. - S. 30-50]. Since the average weight of the embryo with provisional organs on the 18th day of incubation is an average of 40 g, a recalculation of the required amount of active substance was made, which amounted to 2 mg per egg. This amount of substance was diluted in 0.5 ml of physiological saline, thus obtaining a working solution with a concentration of 0.4%.

3 groups of 155 eggs were formed: 1 group (control) - without treatment, 2 group (control) - injection of 0.5 ml of saline, 3 group (experimental) - injection of 0.5 ml of 0.4% carnitine solution . Processing of eggs was carried out once, after which eggs with embryos were placed in the hatcher until the chicks were hatched.

Table 1 presents the indicators of hatchability of eggs of the control and experimental groups.

The hatchability of healthy chickens in the 3-experimental group exceeded that in the control groups by 7.1-7.31%. The number of weak chickens in the experimental group was 3.9% less compared with the control groups.

Table 2 presents the mass of chickens at the daily, 4- and 21-day age.

As can be seen from table 2, the mass of chickens hatched from eggs injected with both saline and carnitine was significantly (P <0.01; P <0.001) higher. The growth rate of chickens that received carnitine in the embryonic period was also higher.

Biochemical studies were carried out only in the 1-control and 3-experimental groups.

Table 3 presents the biochemical parameters in the tissues of chickens.

Как видно из таблицы 3, как в теле, так и в остаточном желтке цыплят суточного и 4-дневного возраста снижалось содержание липидов.

As can be seen from table 3, both in the body and in the residual yolk of chickens of daily and 4 days of age, the lipid content decreased.

Table 4 presents the biochemical parameters in the blood serum of chickens.

From table 4 it is seen that in the blood serum of chickens receiving L-carnitine in the embryonic period, the relative protein content was significantly higher both at the daily and at 4 days of age. The concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood of day old chickens in the control group tended to decrease.

Thus, as a result of exposure to L-carnitine embryo, the yield of healthy young animals increases, and its growth rate increases.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing embryo viability, characterized in that the embryos are taken on the 18th day of incubation, then injected into extraembryonic liquid of L-carnitine, diluted with physiological saline to a concentration of 0.4%, in a volume of 0.5 ml by piercing the shell, once, after whereby the eggs with embryos are placed in the hatcher until the end of incubation.