RU2614799C2 - Green mass preservation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to green mass preservation method, and can be used in fodder production, in particular for preparation of silage. Preservation of green mass is carried out using bacterial and chemical preparations. Bacterial preparation is presented by “Biosil NN”, and chemical preparation is “Tekacid”. First, chemical preparation “Tekacid” is introduced in amount of 1.5 l/t, and then bacterial preparation “Biosil NN” is introduced in amount of 1 l per 40 t of siloed weight.

EFFECT: invention implementation provides production of high quality silage due to suppression of butyric fermentation and direction of fermentation processes at homoenzyme path due to synergistic effect of preparations.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to methods for preserving green mass, and can be used in feed production, in particular when harvesting silage.

State of the art

There is a known method of siloing green mass, where various chemicals are used as preservatives, namely organic acids - preparations AIV 3 Plus and AIV 2000 of the Finnish concern KEMIRA (Prospect ZAO KEMIRA AGRO. Canning of feeds. - 19 p.).

AIV 3 Plus is a combination of components, wt. %: formic acid - 62, ammonium formate - 24, the rest is water, used for harvesting silage, both from freshly cut and dried green mass.

AIV 2000 with a content, wt. %: formic acid - 55, propionic acid - 5, ammonium formate - 24, benzoic acid esters - 5, benzoic acid esters - 1, benzoic acid - 1, water - 14. It is used for preserving the dried mass with low humidity of 65-70% . Recommended application rates for both legume preparations are 5 l / t (M. Taranov. Chemical conservation of feed // M .: Kolos, - 1982, - 143 s.).

A known method is used where preservatives are used mixtures of formic, propionic acids in combination with urea in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.6 (Belokoneva N.M. Influence of various methods of conservation on the quality and nutritional value of feeds // Abstract of diss. ... cand. of chemical sciences - L. - Pushkin, 1987, - 17 pp.), acetic acid, formalin and urea in the ratio 1.2: 10: 10 (Sizov V.I. Effect of preservative-enrichment agent on silage on feed quality // Inf TSTI leaflet, Tambov, 1985, No. 216, p. 4), are offered in doses of 4 l / t of green mass as preservatives, enrichment agents, high quality feed.

The disadvantage of these methods of preserving green mass with chemicals is the aggressiveness of organic fatty acids and the high cost that inhibits their widespread use. The average dose of these preservatives is 5 l / t; therefore, the cost of processing 1 t of canned raw materials only due to the cost of the preparations (excluding the cost of their introduction) is quite high (Pobelnov Yu.A., Gorky A.M., Mamaev A .A. Silage with Biotrof 111 - an alternative to chemical preservation of herbs / Actual problems of the preparation, storage and rational use of feeds. Materials of the International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of a doctor of agricultural sciences, a professional a quarrel S.Ya. Zafren. - M .: Federal State Institution RCSC, 2009. - p. 19).

A known method of siloing the green mass with the drug Biosil NN, consisting of an equal number of strains of bacteria Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei (Kuchin NN The quality of fermentation of canned foods using biological products based on lactic acid bacteria / NN Kuchin, SN Zavivaev , A.P. Mansurov, I.A. Shishkin // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky. - 2011. - No. 2-1. - P. 111-114). The dose of the drug is 1 l / 40 t. Its use has shown good results in enhancing acid formation, accumulation of lactic and acetic acids in silos.

The disadvantages of this method include:

- low efficiency in the conservation of freshly cut mass of difficult to silage herbs;

- lower reliability of bacterial preparations compared with chemical and relatively short shelf life (Bondarev VA, Klimenko VP Recommendations for the preparation of feed in the Moscow region in 2011. Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Moscow Region / http: // old.msh.aismo.ru/interaction/1240.html).

The presence of these drawbacks is due to the dependence on a large number of factors — the size of epiphytic populations of lactic acid bacteria, the type of bacteria and their activity, the dose and method of introducing the bacterial preparation, the uniformity of processing of the silage, the type of silage, etc. (Sil D. Use of preservatives to improve the quality of silage (silage) / D. Sil. - Belarusian agriculture. - 2007, No. 6 - P. 72-74.). (Cenovic. Agricultural Review, April 2013).

A known method of siloing green feeds is that, when laying or after laying them for silage, a combined preparation containing lactic acid producing bacteria, salts of aliphatic fatty acids with alkaline and / or alkaline-earth metals and, if necessary, conventional Excipients. In this case, the lactic acid producing bacteria are mixed with the carrier and the composition thus obtained is mixed with at least one salt of an aliphatic fatty acid and an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal and, if necessary, with conventional excipients, in particular in the amount of 0.1- 10 kg per one ton of dry matter of green feed (RU 98103683 A, 03/02/1998).

The disadvantage of this method is that the lactic acid producing bacteria are mixed with a carrier and the composition thus obtained is mixed with at least one salt of an aliphatic fatty acid and an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal and, if necessary, with conventional excipients. This can have a negative effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria. One of the conditions for the effective use of bacterial preservatives is the preservation of the maximum number of viable lactic acid bacteria in the process of making preservative preparations and storing silage. With a low titer of active microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria) and non-compliance with the required technological operations (quick laying, sealing, etc.), it is impossible to obtain the desired effect (S. Abraskova, Fundamentals of feed conservation technology / Journal Agrorynok, 2012. - No. 6 - P. 28).

Closest to the claimed invention relates to a method of preserving green mass using bacterial and chemical preparations, with “Biosil NN” being used as a bacterial preparation, and “Tekatsid” being applied together as a chemical preservative (Zavivaev S.N., Kosolapova E.V., Kuchin N.N. Results of studies of silage of the galega (Eastern goatskin) using a combined solution of chemical and bacterial preparations // Vestnik NGIII, 2014 - No. 8 - P. 27-40) (prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is that the bacterial preparation "Biosil NN" and the chemical preservative "Tekatsid" are introduced together, mixing them to prepare a working solution, which, as in the previous case, can inhibit the vital activity of lactic acid bacteria. Especially when delaying the use of the finished product.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of preserving green mass using a combination of drugs that provide high quality silage.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to mixing bacteria that form lactic acid with chemical components, the proposed method of siloing the green mass provides for the sequential independent application of preservative components. As a bacterial preparation use "Biosil NN", as a chemical preparation "Tekatsid".

The preparations introduced into the silage are:

Tekatsid - a clear liquid, including 52% formic acid, 18% propionic acid, 7% sodium and the rest water;

Biosil NN is a yellowish-brownish liquid, a precipitate is possible, which is a microbial mass of living homoenzymatic lactic acid microorganisms, consisting of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei in a 1: 1 ratio.

The production of high-quality silage is due to the suppression of butyric acid fermentation and the direction of fermentation processes along the homoenzymatic pathway. This is possible due to the synergistic effect of the drugs.

The chemical component of the drug Tekatsida is sufficient to restrain the development of undesirable microflora at the initial stage of silage, since it has a strong fungicidal and bactericidal effect, quickly acidifies the silage. Moreover, the proposed concentration (1.5 l / t) does not inhibit lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the time gap between the introduction of preservatives allows the chemical preparation to mix with the green mass, thereby minimizing the negative impact on the number and vital activity of lactic acid bacteria.

In turn, an increase in the number of sufficiently productive lactic acid bacteria due to the introduction of the Biosil NN preparation and the absence of “competitors”, which also use sugars for their life, contributes to a more rapid accumulation of lactic acid and a decrease in the pH of the silage mass to the optimum value, which inhibits the development of undesirable microflora already at later silage.

Due to the combination of these factors, the silo is of high quality (according to OST 10202-97, the silo corresponds to class 1).

The claimed method of siloing the green mass is carried out in the following sequence:

- mowing and grinding plants;

- introduction of a combination of drugs independently of each other, when the green mass passes through the silo of the combine from special metering pumps, it is first treated with a chemical preservative at a rate of 1.5 l / t, then the bacterial preparation Biosil NN - at a rate of 1 l per 40 tons of silage ;

- transportation of crushed mass of eastern goatskin to the place of laying and storage of silage;

- compaction and isolation of the silo mass from air access.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

In laboratory conditions, the glass container was filled with ground mass at its natural moisture content of 78.5%, pre-treated with layer-by-layer preservative solutions, compacted, sealed and stored at room temperature in a dark place. To determine the most effective drugs that contribute to obtaining high-quality silage, we conducted a series of experiments - with the bacterial drug Biosil NN (flow rate 1 l / 40 t), with the chemical drug Tekatsid (5 l / t), applied separately and together: Biosil NN in a dose of 1 l / 40 t and tecacid at a dose of 1.5 l / t. After 6 months of storage, the containers were opened and silos were evaluated.

Biochemical characteristics of the quality of silos were determined by the following indicators:

- dry matter content;

- the amount and ratio of organic acids (acetic, lactic and butyric);

- concentration of hydrogen ions (pH);

Nutritional value was determined by the content of crude protein.

From table 1 it is seen that the combination of drugs allows you to optimize the ratio of organic acids and to improve the quality and preservation of the nutrients of the feed.

In the silos prepared according to the proposed method, unlike the methods when the Biosil NN and Tekatsid preparations were used as separate preparations, a larger amount of fermentation acids was contained by 0.51 and 0.2%, incl. lactic acid at 1.38 and 1.05%, respectively. Significant differences exist in the content of an undesirable component - butyric acid. In the variant prepared with the combination of drugs, the content of butyric acid is 12.8 times lower than in the silo with the bacterial preparation "Biosil NN" and 4.4 times than in the variant with the drug "Tekatsid". These results confirm that the proposed method contributes to obtaining feed with higher nutritional properties. This confirms the content of crude protein. From table 1 it can be seen that its content is 2.9% higher than when using Biosil, and 4.8% than when using Tekatsida.

As a result of the experiment on siloing the green mass of the Eastern goatskin with the introduction of the combination of preparations Biosil NN (1 l / 40 t) + Tekatsid (1.5 l / t), a high-quality feed was obtained that superior in biochemical parameters to silos prepared with Biosil NN preparations and Tekatsid, introduced separately. The claimed method is technologically feasible.

Thus, the proposed method due to the joint sequential independent independent introduction of the components "Biosil NN" and "Thekatsid" allows you to suppress the fermentation of acid, direct the process of silage along the path of homoenzymatic lactic acid fermentation and ensure high quality silage.

Claims (1)

The method of preserving green mass using bacterial and chemical preparations, “Biosil NN” is used as a bacterial preparation, and “Tekatsid” is used as a chemical preparation, characterized in that the chemical preparation “Tekatsid” is first introduced at a rate of 1.5 l / t and then the bacterial preparation “Biosil NN” - at the rate of 1 liter per 40 tons of silage.