RU2613392C1 - Bicycle sixteen speed transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to bicycle gear box. Compact gearbox with small metal consumption is installed on the pedal assembly of the bicycle frame. The gearbox provides 16 speeds and consists of five pairs of gears, the two three-position switching clutches. Between the three rows of middle gears opposite deployed on-off clutches linked by joint switch plugs are mounted by two.

EFFECT: sixteen speed bicycle gearbox, expanding the operational and layout characteristics of the bike.

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Description

The invention relates to transport machinery, to the transmission of wheeled transport vehicles. Known bike transmissions:

1.Http: //velopiter.spb.ru/tech/articles/part1/htm1

2.http: //velorama.ru/glossary/intemal.phtml

3. http://cronusbike.ru/blog/skolko_peredach_doljno_byit_u_velosipeda.html.

Multistage transmissions are widespread on bicycles. The most commonly used chain transmission, gear shifting is carried out by transferring the chain to the stars ("stars" in the domestic technical literature) of the rear hub cassette. Switchable transmission elements can also be integrated into the pedal assembly.

Such transmissions are complex, insufficiently reliable, and they need regular maintenance (cleaning, lubrication) and periodic replacement of consumables: chain, switch rollers, cables and shirts, cassette, carriage, system stars. An external gearbox has a concept of “forbidden gears” (actually not recommended), on which the chain skew is too large, while its wear is increased and a rattle appears on the switch frame. There is a risk of tearing the rear derailleur.

In the transmission of a bicycle, the use of gears, including complex planetary gears, is possible. Similar gears are used in automobile transmissions. If reverse gears are excluded, they can be used in bicycle transmissions.

Transmission aggregates are known - gearboxes (KP) with step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars. (4. Design of automobile transmissions: Handbook / Under the general editorship of A.I. Grishkevich. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1984. - 272 p.).

These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

Closest to the proposed device is KP according to the auto certificate RU No. 1717419 A1 (B60K 17/08. Bull. No. 9 of 03/07/1992. Author Nekrasov V.I.).

The gearbox contains a housing, coaxially located input and output shafts, an intermediate shaft parallel to them, gears located on the said shafts, and four couplings. One clutch, with a reverse gear mounted on it, is located on the output shaft. Two twin couplings consist of each of two oppositely deployed single-acting coupling halves connected by shifting forks. A separate reverse gear with a shift clutch is located on an axis mounted parallel to the shafts.

The described gearbox is not intended for crank drive from pedals; it limits the operational and layout characteristics of a single-track vehicle.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to expand the operational and layout capabilities of the vehicle due to the layout of a compact transmission unit on a frame with a crank drive from the pedals.

The problem is solved by installing on the pedal assembly of the frame a compact four-way (four slide) gearbox of low metal consumption, providing 16 gears, consisting of five pairs of gears, two three-position shift clutches, two oppositely deployed two-position clutches installed between three rows of middle gears, interconnected by common shifting forks.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the sixteen-speed transmission of the bicycle contains a gearbox in which the input and output shafts are coaxially arranged, parallel to them is an intermediate shaft on which five pairs of external gears are mounted, between them there are gearshift clutches, characterized in that the gear housing is fixed on the bicycle frame, the pedal cranks are mounted on the input shaft, a block of two gears and one separate gear, two gears are fixed, they are engaged with gears installed freely: four on the input shaft and one on the tubular output shaft freely mounted on the input shaft, between the extreme gears of the input shaft there is a gear ring with a three-position switching clutch, between three rows of middle gears two oppositely deployed on-off couplings are installed, interconnected by common switching forks, the second gear ring with a three-position switching clutch is fixed on the inner con ie a tubular output shaft, at the distal end of the shaft is fixed the drive sprocket chain drive.

The proposed technical solution provides the expansion of the operational and layout characteristics of the vehicle while reducing the size and weight.

In FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a four-way 16-speed three-shaft coaxial gearbox containing five pairs of gears, indicated by the numbers 1-5 in the lower part, and four gearshift clutches, indicated by the letters A, B, C and D (two of them are double and C) .

In FIG. 2 shows a beam diagram of this gearbox with tables of positions of the clutch A, B, C and D in different gears. The left position of the couplings is indicated by the letter "L", the right - by "P". At the top of the table, the gear pairs included in the work are indicated (1-5). On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The upper horizontal corresponds to the intermediate shaft, the lower one to the coaxial shafts: circumference above No. 14 — input shaft — direct transmission, points 1-13 and 15, 16 — output shaft. The rays indicate the numbers of pairs of gears. The greater the inclination of the beam to the right, the greater the gear ratio, for example, rays 1 and 5, compared with other rays. The left tilt of the beam indicates the accelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears - rays 3 and 4 from t.14 to t.16. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

On the frame 1 of the bicycle is fixed crankcase 2 sixteen-speed gearbox (Fig. 1). An input shaft 3 is mounted in the rolling bearings of the crankcase 2, the cranks of 4 pedals of the bicycle are fixed on the ends of this shaft (pedals are not shown). Parallel to the input shaft 3, the intermediate shaft 5 is located in the rolling bearings of the crankcase 2. The output tubular shaft 6 is freely mounted on the input shaft 3. The drive chain sprocket 7 is fixed on the output tubular shaft 6. A gear ring 8 is fixed on the inner end of the input shaft 3, on which a three-position switching clutch 9 (A) is located. Similarly, on the inner end of the output shaft 6, a gear ring 10 is fixed on which a three-position switching clutch 11 (D) is located. Two gears 12 and 13 are fixed on the intermediate shaft 5, a separate gear 14 is mounted freely on the shaft, two gears 15 and 16 form a block with a tubular shaft 17 freely mounted on the intermediate shaft 5. These gears are engaged respectively with gears 18-22 freely mounted: 18 - on a tubular output shaft 6, 19-22 - on the input shaft 3. Between three rows of middle gears 13-15 of the intermediate shaft 5 and gears 19-21 of the input shaft 3 are installed two oppositely deployed on-off clutches 23 and 24 (B), interconnected common plug re for prison with the slider 25 and coupling 26, and 27 (C), total related switching fork 28 with the slider. The forks of the clutch 9 (A) and 11 (D), as well as the sliders of all couplings are not shown.

The operation of the gearbox is as follows (Fig. 1 and 2) - when shifting gears, clutches B are triggered at each shift (L-P-L ...); couplings C - through two shifts (П-П-Л-Л ...), coupling A - through four shifts and coupling D - through eight shifts.

First gear

Clutches A and C are in the left position (L), couplings B and D are in the right (P). Four pairs of gears are included in the work: 1-3-4-5 (Fig. 2, table. To the right under t.1).

The efforts of the cyclist from the pedals are transmitted by the cranks 4 to the input shaft 3. The torque (Fig. 1) from the input shaft 3, the ring gear 8, the shift clutch 9 (A) is transmitted to the gear 22, from it to the gear 16, through the tubular shaft 17, the upper clutch 24, a pair of gears 14-20, the lower clutch 26, a pair of gears 19-13, on the countershaft 5, then a pair of gears 12-18 and a clutch 11 (D) on the gear ring 10, on the tubular output shaft 6 and on the drive chain sprocket 7. The chain transmission force is transmitted to the driven sprocket and wheel hub (not shown).

In the beam diagram (Fig. 2), four beams represent this transmission: a gentle beam 1 emerges from point 14 on the lower horizontal and is directed upward to the upper horizontal, then a steep beam 3 to the right downward, then beam 4 to the right upward and the gentle beam 5 to the right down to t. 1 on the lower horizontal.

Second gear

We switch the clutch B to the left position (L) - we replace the 3rd pair with the 2nd pair of gears.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the tubular shaft 17 is transmitted as in the 1st gear, then by a pair of gears 15-21, the lower clutch 23 to the gear 20 and further, as in the first gear.

On the ray diagram, four beams represent this transmission: a gentle beam 1 emerges from v.14 on the lower horizontal and is directed upward, then a steep ray 2 goes downward to the left, then ray 4 goes upward and a gentle ray 5 goes downward to v.2 to the lower horizontal .

Third gear

We switch couplings B and C from the left to the right position. The 1st and 5th gear pairs are included.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 15 is transmitted as in the first gear, then by the upper clutch 24 to the gear 14, the upper clutch 27 to the countershaft 5, then as in previous gears.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by gentle rays 1 and 5 from t. 14 to t. 3 on the lower horizontal.

Fourth gear

We move the clutch B from the right to the left position - the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th pairs of gears are included in the work.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 20 is transmitted as in 2nd gear, then a pair of gears 20-14, a clutch 27 on the gear 13 and the intermediate shaft 5, then as in previous gears.

On the ray diagram, four beams represent this transmission: a gentle beam 1 emerges from vol. 14 on the lower horizontal and is directed upward, then a steep ray 2 goes downward, then ray 3 goes upward and a gentle ray 5 moves downward to vol. 4 on the lower horizontal .

Fifth gear

We switch couplings A and B to the right position, couplings C to the left, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gear pairs are included. Compared with the 1st gear, the 2nd pair of gears is included instead of the 1st pair.

Torque from the input shaft 3, the ring gear 8, the shift clutch 9 (A) is transmitted to the gear 21, from it to the gear 15, then as in 1st gear.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays directed to the right from t.14 to t.5: 2 up, 3 down, 4 up and a gentle beam 5 down.

Sixth gear

We turn clutch B to the left position - we leave two gears in operation: 4 and 5.

Torque from the input shaft 3, the ring gear 8, the clutch 9 (A) is transmitted to the gear 21, the clutch 23 to the gear 20, the clutch 26 to the gear 19, then as in the 1st, 2nd and 5th gears.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 4 and 5 from t.14 to t.6 on the lower horizontal.

Seventh gear

All couplings are in the right position. The 2nd and 5th gear pairs are included.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 14 is transmitted as in fifth gear, then by the upper clutch 27 to the gear 13 and to the intermediate shaft 5, then as in previous gears.

On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 2 and 5 from t.14 to t.7 on the lower horizontal.

Eighth gear

We switch clutches B to the left position, the 3rd and 5th pairs of gears are included. Compared to the previous gear, the 2nd pair has been replaced by the 3rd pair of gears.

The torque from the input shaft 3, the ring gear 8, the shift clutch 9 (A) is transmitted to the gear 21, then the lower clutch 23 to a pair of gears 20-14, then as in previous gears.

On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 3 and 5 from t. 14 to t. 8 on the lower horizontal.

Ninth gear

We change the positions of all four couplings - in the work of the 1st and 3rd pairs of gears.

Up to the gear 19, the torque is transmitted both in 1st gear, then with the clutch 11 (D) to the ring gear 10, to the tubular output shaft 6 and to the drive sprocket 7 of the chain drive.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 1 and 3 from vol. 14 to vol. 9 on the lower horizontal.

Tenth gear

All couplings in the left position - in the work of the 1st and 2nd pairs of gears.

Up to gear 20, the torque is transmitted both in 2nd gear, then with clutch 26 to gear 19, clutch 11 (D) to the ring gear 10, to the tubular output shaft 6 and to the drive chain sprocket 7.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 1 and 2 from t.14 to t.10 on the lower horizontal.

Eleventh gear

We switch couplings B and C to the right position, the 1st and 4th pairs of gears are included. Compared with the previous transmission, the 2nd pair has been replaced by the 4th pair of gears.

Up to gear 15, torque is transmitted as in 2nd gear, then clutch 24 to gear 14, then clutch 27 to a pair of gears 13-19, clutch 11 (D) to gear ring 10, to tubular output shaft 6 and to drive sprocket 7 chain transmission.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 1 and 4 from t.14 to t.11 on the lower horizontal.

Twelfth gear

We switch clutches B to the left position, four pairs of gears are included: 1-2-3-4. Compared to 4th gear, a 4th pair of gears is included instead of the 5th pair.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 13 is transmitted as in 4th gear, then to gear 19 and as in previous gears.

On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 1, 2, 3, and 4 from t. 14 to t. 12 on the lower horizontal.

Thirteenth gear

We switch couplings A and B to the right position, couplings C to the left - the 2nd and 3rd pairs of gears are included. Compared to the 7th gear, the 3rd pair of gears is included instead of the 5th pair.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 14 is transmitted as in the 7th gear, then to the gear 20, through the coupling 26 to the gear 19, then as in previous gears.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 2 and 3 from t.14 to t.13 on the lower horizontal.

Fourteenth gear - direct

We turn clutches B to the left position, gears are off.

The torque from the input shaft 3 is transmitted by the clutch 9, gear 21, clutch 23, gear 20, clutch 26, gear 19 and clutch 11 to the output shaft 6.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is marked v.14 on the lower horizontal.

Fifteenth gear - first accelerating

We switch couplings B and C to the right position - the 2nd and 4th pairs of gears are included. Compared to 13th gear, the 3rd pair has been replaced with a 4th pair of gears.

The torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 14 is transmitted as in the 7th and 13th gears, then through the coupling 27 to a pair of gears 13-19, then as in the previous gears.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 2 and 4 from t.14 to t.15 on the lower horizontal.

Sixteenth gear - second accelerating

We switch clutches B to the left position, the 3rd and 4th pairs of gears are included. Compared to the previous gear, the 2nd pair has been replaced by the 3rd pair of gears.

Torque from the input shaft 3 to the gear 13 is transmitted as in the 8th gear, then a pair of gears 13-19, then as in previous gears.

On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 3 and 4 from t.14 to t.16 on the lower horizontal.

Coasting - Freewheel

The clutch 11 (D) is in the neutral (middle) position, while the drive sprocket 7 of the chain drive and the tubular output shaft 6 with the ring gear 10 are disconnected from the gears of the gearbox. As a rule, coasting is carried out due to the Ministry of Agriculture (freewheel) installed in the wheel hub. If a gearbox is installed in the wheel hub, then turn on the neutral state.

Designations:

1 - bicycle frame;

2 - a case of an eight-speed gearbox;

3 - input shaft gearbox;

4 - cranks of pedals (pedals not shown);

5 - the intermediate shaft of the gearbox;

6 - tubular output shaft KP;

7 - a leading asterisk of a chain transmission;

8 - the gear rim of the input shaft 4;

9 (A) - three-position clutch gear ring gear 8;

10 - the gear rim of the tubular output shaft 6;

11 (D) - three-position clutch gear ring gear 10;

12, 13 - gears mounted on the intermediate shaft 5;

14 - gear, freely mounted on the intermediate shaft 5;

15 and 16 - gears of the block, mounted on a tubular shaft 17;

17 - a tubular shaft of a gear block;

18 - gear, freely mounted on the tubular output shaft 6 and engaged with gear 12.

19-22 - gears freely mounted on the input shaft 3 and engaged with gears 13, 14, 15 and 16, respectively;

23 - two-position clutch single-acting between the gears 20 and 21 of the input shaft 3;

24 - two-position clutch single-acting between the gears 14 and 15 of the intermediate shaft 5;

25 - a switching fork of oppositely deployed couplings B (23 and 24);

26 - two-position clutch single-acting between the gears 19 and 20 of the input shaft 3;

27 - two-position clutch single-acting between the gears 13 and 14 of the intermediate shaft 5;

28 - a switching fork of oppositely deployed couplings C (26 and 27).

Claims (1)

A sixteen-speed bicycle transmission contains a gearbox in which the input and output shafts are coaxially arranged, parallel to them is an intermediate shaft on which five pairs of external gears are mounted, between them are gearshift clutches, characterized in that the gear housing is fixed on the bicycle frame, the cranks of the pedals are fixed on the input shaft, a block of two gears and one separate gear are freely mounted on the intermediate shaft, two gears are fixed, they are engaged with gears mounted freely: four on the input shaft and one on a tubular output shaft freely mounted on the input shaft, between the extreme gears of the input shaft there is a gear ring with a three-position switching clutch, two oppositely deployed two-position clutches are installed between three rows of middle gears interconnected by common switching forks, a second gear ring with a three-position switching clutch is fixed on the inner end of the tubular output shaft, on the outer end of this shaft A chain sprocket is attached.

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