RU2610774C1 - Method for producing abrasion resistant, electroheated, polymeric layered material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multi-layer lightweight impact-resistant glazing details with the usage of polymeric glass; it can be applied in many industries. Multi-layer glass manufacturing method includes assembling a package from the glass sheets, where organic glass is coated in vacuum with metal or semiconductor coverage as the outer layer, as the innermost layer - a poly-carbonate layer, and the glass is joined by autoclave pressing with the help of polyurethane gluing envelope, wherein the inner surface of an organic glass and poly-carbonate before gluing an adhesive layer on the basis of poliviniletilalya not more than 20 mm along the perimeter is applied, wherein the metal coverage area is selected from the indium, tin, aluminum, and silver groups; semiconductor -from the group consisting of copper sulfide, indium oxide and tin oxide.

EFFECT: production of multi-layered glass with an improved physical and mechanical features.

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Description

The invention relates to multilayer lightweight shock-resistant glazing parts using polymer glasses and can be used not only in aircraft manufacturing, but also in many other industries. The use of polymer glasses provides increased impact resistance, the creation of armored, explosion and fireproof protective glazing systems.

Currently, to give glazing parts additional functions of electric heating, protection and regulation of external light or electromagnetic effects, thin-film layers of metals or their compounds are applied to the glass surface. In this case, due to the weakening of adhesive bonds at the metal-polymer interface, delamination can be observed, moisture penetration into the inner layers can cause corrosion of metal coatings.

A known method of creating a bulletproof or impact resistant layered transparent composition (glass ceramics and tempered silicate glass), which has a prominent peripheral zone. Used insert provides increased survivability of the composition. The disadvantage of this system and its analogues is the increase in the size of the opaque part of the glazing due to the increase in the sealing area (French patent 2795365, IPC S03C 27/12, publ. 12/29/2000).

Known laminated glass containing on the inner surface of the bonded layers of anti-shatter films to increase the impact strength of the glazing (French patent 2680364, IPC B32B 17/10; B60J 1/00; C03C 17/32; C03C 27/12, publ. 02.19.1993, )

A disadvantage of the known solution is the low level of light, heat and radiation protection properties.

A known method of creating a transparent block with the possibility of its use in aircraft glazing, with electromagnetic protection by creating an air gap between two glasses with deposition on the inner surface of a metallized film. The disadvantage of this solution is a significant increase in the thickness of the glazing (French patent 2793106, IPC С03С 27/06; ЕВВ 3/663, publ. 04/28/1999).

There is a method of creating a radioprotective laminated material comprising a layer of organic or silicate glass and at least two layers of a self-adhesive film of plasticized polyvinyl chloride with an adhesive layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), one of which applied a functional electrically conductive heat-shielding coating of aluminum or tin foil (Swiss patent 671373, IPC B32B 15/08; B32B 17/10, publ. 09/31/1989).

The disadvantage of this invention is the low heat resistance of the films and the difference between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of the polyvinylchloride films and the glazing material, which leads to defects during temperature changes during operation.

Also known is a method of creating a radioprotective laminated material, including a layer of organic glass and at least two layers of a polymer film (laminated to glass), one of which is coated with a functional electrically conductive heat-protective coating, characterized in that the layers of the polymer film are made of polyethylene terephthalate, and between them an additional conductive bonding layer based on acrylic polymers and organic solvents with a dielectric constant of ≥60 is located (RF patent 2433916, IPC VV 17/17 00, published on November 20, 2011). The disadvantage of this solution is the relatively low resistance to shock.

The closest analogue taken as a prototype is a method of manufacturing laminated glass (RF patent 2223240, IPC С03С 27/12, publ. 02/10/2004), which includes assembling a package of sheets of glass, filling the glass space with a composition that is subsequently polymerized under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The disadvantage of this solution is the limitation of the overall and geometric dimensions of the part.

The technical task and the technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the life of the glazing part to 1.5 times, reduce to 2 times the specific gravity of the part (1.2 kg / m ³ ) (due to the use of organic glasses and polycarbonate), increase the impact strength to a value not less than 30 kJ / m ² . Optical distortion no more than 5 min, light transmission not less than 70%.

To achieve a technical result, a method for manufacturing laminated glass is proposed, which includes assembling a package of glass sheets, where organic glass with a metal or semiconductor coating applied in vacuum is used as the outer layer, a polycarbonate layer is used as the inner layer, and the glasses are joined by autoclave pressing with using an adhesive film made of polyurethane, moreover, on the inner surface of organic glass or polycarbonate, an adhesive layer is applied on the main ve poliviniletilalya not more than 20 mm along the perimeter, the metal coating is selected from the group of indium, tin, aluminum, silver, and semiconductor - from the group of copper sulfide, indium oxide and tin oxide.

A metal or semiconductor coating may be applied to the inner surface of the polycarbonate layer.

The use of a polyurethane film as an adhesive layer instead of a polyvinyl butyral film gives an advantage in molding, since it clears at a lower temperature, about 80 ° C versus 100 ° C for polyvinyl butyral (temperature 95-100 ° C negatively affects oriented organic glass - appear micro-shrinkage that can damage laminated glass).

An adhesive layer based on polyvinyl ethyl can be applied only around the perimeter of the inner surface of organic glass or polycarbonate with a metal or semiconductor coating to increase adhesion between the layers, which prevents the formation of defects in the form of delamination along the perimeter or along the field of parts, which is associated with the penetration of moisture into the layers of the multilayer part .

The proposed solution for producing an abrasion-resistant electrically heated polymer layered material (flat or molded) is to involve changes in the manufacturing technology of parts without changing the dimensions and reducing the weight characteristics of the glazing.

To accomplish this task, multifunctional multilayer transparent flat and molded compositions are manufactured using the most energy-intensive shock-resistant organic glasses in an unoriented and oriented state and polycarbonate. Thin film layers of indium, tin and their oxides, aluminum, silver, copper sulfide, etc. are applied on the glass surfaces to be glued under vacuum.

Organic glass (including polyacrylate), like polycarbonate, provides a 2-3-fold reduction in the weight of a part, provides high weather resistance, high impact toughness under local impact loads, and the possibility of manufacturing parts with a curved surface.

The use of polyurethane as a bonding layer ensures high quality bonding between the outer and inner layers of the glazing part, and also prevents delamination during operation of the product.

Applied in a vacuum coating forms an electrically conductive layer that prevents glazing “fogging” during operation.

Autoclave molding allows us to produce large-sized curved glazing parts with high gluing quality (due to the absence of air).

As a result of tests with the aim of identifying defects formed, it was found that defects are formed in the layers between the functional coating and the glass surfaces or with the adhesive PVC coating on the functional coating, in the form of delamination along the perimeter or along the field of parts. The indicated effect is associated with the penetration of moisture into the layer of the multilayer part in contact with functional coatings, in connection with which the functional coatings are applied to the glass surface, leaving the perimeter without a functional coating. In this case, the adhesive coating layer is applied only on the perimeter, free of functional coating, which fully ensures the integrity of the glass gap with a width of at least 15-20 mm.

The adhesive layer is a polyvinyl ethyl sublayer from a 5% solution of a mixture of ethyl and butyl (or isopropyl) alcohols in a ratio of 2: 1, applied to the glass surface, which after application is kept in the open air at room temperature for two hours.

The assembled and pressed parts made of organic glass and polycarbonate with electrically conductive and dielectric coatings on the inner sides of plexiglass or polycarbonate are placed in a climatic chamber and kept at a temperature that imitates the conditions of maximum operation for 48 hours (GOST R 51136-2008).

The application of the method provides a layered material with reduced weight by a factor of 2–3, because, unlike traditional electrically heated glazing, which contains one of the layers of silicate glass, it contains organic glass. In addition, the use of organic glass and polycarbonate allows you to give the product a curved shape.

Examples of implementation

Example 1

500 mm × 500 mm blanks were cut from sheet acrylate glass of the AO-120A grade (oriented) and polycarbonate of the Novattro brand 3 mm thick, after which a blank of 1.0 mm thick polyvinyl butyral film was cut with a size equal to the size of AO-120A glass. The blanks were cleaned and, if necessary, washed.

The billets were dried and annealed for 6 hours - plexiglass at 80 ° C, films at 55-60 ° C.

A thin film film of indium or tin alloy was applied to the AO-120A glass preform in a vacuum unit so that the perimeter of the preform not more than 20 mm wide was left without a metal coating.

After preparing plexiglass and polycarbonate blanks, a 5% solution of polyvinyl ethyl in a mixture of ethyl and butyl alcohols in a ratio of 2: 1 was applied to their internal surfaces at room temperature. The sublayer was dried at room temperature for 2 hours. On the inner surface of plexiglas with a metallized coating, a sublayer was applied only along the perimeter of the workpiece.

A plexiglass blank was placed on the assembly table with a metal coating up, a A-4700 brand polyurethane film blank was placed on the plexiglass surface, after which a polycarbonate blank was placed on the film surface. A glass packet at the corners was fixed for the final formation of the package.

Pressing in a gas autoclave "Scholz" was carried out according to the regime: heating to 75-85 ° C for 1-2 hours with a rise in pressure to 2-3 kgf / cm ² , exposure 1-2 hours, temperature rise to 95-105 ° C for 2-3 hours and a pressure of 6-7 kgf / cm ² , holding 4-6 hours, cooling to 40-50 ° C for 4-5 hours under pressure.

The manufacture of laminated parts according to example 2 was carried out analogously to example 1 with the difference that a metallized layer of aluminum or silver was applied to the inner surface of organic glass. As a bonding film, a polyurethane film was used; on the inner surface of a polycarbonate with a metallized aluminum coating, a sublayer was applied only along the perimeter of the billet (Table 1).

A method of manufacturing a laminated glass according to example 3 was carried out analogously to example 1, characterized in that the semiconductor layer of copper sulfide or indium oxide was deposited on the inner surface of the organic glass; a polyurethane film was used as a bonding film; on the inner surface of the semiconductor-coated polycarbonate, a sublayer was applied only along the perimeter of the preform (Table 1).

The method of manufacturing a laminated glass according to example 4 was carried out analogously to example 1, characterized in that the semiconductor layer of tin oxide was deposited on the inner surface of the organic glass; a polyurethane film was used as a bonding film; on the inner surface of the semiconductor-coated polycarbonate, a sublayer was applied only along the perimeter of the preform (Table 1).

To obtain molded layered single-curvature parts, preforms of oriented glass and polycarbonate with a thickness of 3 mm were bent at room temperature and fixed on a snap. Then they were placed in a thermal cabinet for plexiglass, heated to 85-95 ° C, for polycarbonate to 140 ° C. They were aged for 2-5 hours and cooled in a closed oven to 30-40 ° C.

The tests performed on exposure in a humid environment at a temperature of 50-70 ° C (GOST R 51136-2008) of samples made according to examples 1-2, fully confirmed their high moisture resistance. No sticking and peeling in the metallized layers was observed.

Thus, the proposed method for producing layered abrasion-resistant polymer glazing with an integrated electrically heated element of curvilinear shape allows to obtain laminated glass with a high degree of orientation of plexiglass, impact strength of at least 30 kJ / m ² , as well as to obtain a typical helicopter glazing component from abrasion-resistant, heated organic laminated material with an integrated transmittance of visible light of at least 70%.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing laminated glass, comprising assembling a package of sheets of glass, characterized in that organic glass with a metal or semiconductor coating applied in vacuum is used as the outer layer, a polycarbonate layer is used as the inner layer, and the glasses are joined by autoclave pressing using gluing polyurethane films, moreover, on the inner surface of organic glass and polycarbonate before gluing, an adhesive layer based on polyvinyl ethyl is applied no more than 20 mm about the perimeter of the metal coating is selected from the group of indium, tin, aluminum, silver, and semiconductor - from the group of copper sulfide, indium oxide and tin oxide.