RU2602476C1 - Magnetic hinge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watches and other time measuring instruments.

SUBSTANCE: element comprises a shaft-like part, having at least a region of ferromagnetic material in direction of its longitudinal axis. Selected element comprises ferromagnetic material at least at level of first end and second end of shaft-like section respectively of longitudinal axis. On both side of first end and on side of second end, a magnetic field is generated at first pole tip and a second magnetic field is created on second pole tip of same direction and opposite orientation, respectively. Each field provides attraction of element to corresponding pole tip and causes unbalance between first and second magnetic fields, surrounding element, leading to difference of forces acting on element, as a result, one end of element can be held down to contact surface of one of pole tips, and other end is kept at a distance from contact surface of other pole tip. Unbalance between magnetic fields occurs near air gap formed between contact surfaces, wherein magnetic fields are asymmetric. Invention also discloses a device, correcting position of clock element during rotation, magnetic hinge, clock mechanism, clock, based on principle, disclosed in method given above.

EFFECT: disclosed is a method of aligning clock element by correcting position of said element during rotation.

29 cl, 14 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for orienting a watch element by adjusting the position of said element during rotation made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, while the first end and the second end of the specified element are pivotally mounted in the cavity.

The invention also relates to a device that corrects the position of the watch element during rotation, the first and second ends of which are made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is at least partially conductive or at least partially electrified.

The invention also relates to a magnetic and / or electrostatic hinge containing a watch element, the first and second ends of which are made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable, or at least partially magnetic, or, respectively, at least partially conductive, or at least partially electrified.

The invention also relates to a clock mechanism containing at least one device of the indicated type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation, and / or at least one magnetic and / or electrostatic hinge of the specified type.

In addition, the invention relates to a watch containing at least one clock mechanism of the specified type and / or at least one device of the specified type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation, and / or at least one magnetic and / or an electrostatic hinge of the indicated type.

The invention relates to the field of micromechanics and, in particular, to a technique for measuring time, for which it is particularly suitable.

State of the art

In the field of micromechanics and, in particular, in the technique of measuring time, traditional technical solutions are used to position the axis or shaft of the element, which are based on mechanical friction.

As for the rotary element contained in the clockwork, or in the oscillation generator, there is an unresolved problem, namely, that there is a strong dependence of the efficiency and / or quality factor of the element on the position of the clock containing the specified element. In particular, when the watch is upright, the efficiency and / or quality factor of the element is significantly reduced. In technical solutions proposed to overcome this problem, preference is mainly given to lowering the efficiency and / or quality factor in the horizontal position of the watch, rather than increasing the efficiency and / or quality factor in the vertical position.

Therefore, to solve these problems it is necessary:

- Ensure the same efficiency and / or quality factor of the element at any position of the watch.

- Increase the efficiency and / or quality factor of the element at any position of the watch.

Known German patent No. 1211460, filed by SIEMENS AG, which describes a movable element containing a rod that is integral with the inner tubular magnet, which is inserted into the outer tubular magnet. The outer tubular magnet can move in a cartridge coaxial to the two magnets relative to the bearing surface of the support at one end and the spring supported by a sleeve at the other end. The position of the movable element is also adjusted in the axial direction on the spindle, which is integral with the sleeve. At each axial end, the movable element comprises a guard for the fragile ceramic core, which is an internal magnet. The position of the element during rotation is adjusted by the interaction of two magnets, namely, the inner and outer tubular magnets. However, the first magnetic pole piece is not a support for the movable element, since said movable element is connected to the inner tubular magnet by means of a flange and one of two casings. Therefore, the movable element according to the aforementioned patent is not free relative to the first magnetic pole piece formed by the internal magnet, but only relative to the second magnetic pole piece formed by the external magnet.

In German patent application No. 19859563 A1, which was filed by Vladimir Jagmann, describes a movable element made of a magnetizable material, the size of which is smaller than the air gap in which it is installed between two magnetic pole pieces, creating a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the gravitational force of attraction, when this movable element is semi-levitating and rests only on one of the magnetic pole pieces, being close to the other magnetic pole piece. The hinge axis of the movable element coincides with the axis defined by the poles of the two magnetic pole pieces.

German patent No. 1220224 V, filed by KERN & CO AG, also describes a movable element that rotates in the same way without friction in a field formed by two magnets. Two magnets have convex ends made of solid material that generate a magnetic field. The surface of the movable element adjacent to one of the ends of the magnet is also convex and is exposed to a magnetic field.

French Patent No. 1,115,966 A, filed by JUNHANS GEB AG, describes a regulator with a rotating balance and uses static magnetic fields to reduce the effect of weight on the oscillating element.

German patent No. 1734590, filed by Friedrich Mauthe GmbH, also describes a magnetic device that reduces the load on the hinge.

UK patent No. 739979 A, filed by ROULEMENTS A BILLES MINIATURES, describes a vertical axis magnetic bearing for a measuring device such as a galvanometer.

US Pat. No. 3,496,780 A, filed by CLAVELOUX NOEL, describes an electrostatic suspension for gyro rotors created by a plurality of electrodes.

Disclosure of invention

According to the invention, in order to overcome the problems of the prior art, a method for orienting a watch element and, more specifically, a method for centering an element along the hinge axis is proposed, which can significantly reduce friction compared to orientation methods using conventional mechanical corrective devices, and thus improve the independence of the quality of the watch mechanism from the position of the clock in space.

Thus, according to the invention, there is provided a device that corrects the position of the element during rotation, which allows forming a magnetic hinge for the watch element, providing efficiency and / or quality factor that does not depend on the position of the watch.

In this regard, the invention relates to a method for orienting a watch element by adjusting the position of the specified element during rotation, which is made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, with the first end and the second end of the specified element pivotally mounted in the cavity; characterized in that from the side of the first end and from the side of the second end of the element, two magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are created, each of which tends to attract the element to the pole piece, and there is an imbalance between the magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields surrounding the element, leading to a difference in the forces acting on the element, as a result of which, one of the ends of the element is pressed against the contact surface of one of the pole pieces, and the other of the ends of the hold at a distance from the contact surface of the other pole tip, while the magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields at the first end and second end have different strengths, with each of the pole tips located on the periphery of the cavity or near it is different from the element and made of a material that is at least partially magnetic or, respectively, magnetically permeable, and / or from a material that is at least partially electrified or, respectively, at least partially conductive, and the element is freely installed in the cavity between the pole pieces and rests on one supporting surface near only one of the pole pieces.

Thus, the invention also relates to a device that corrects the position of the watch element during rotation, made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is, according to at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, while the first end and the second end of the element are pivotally mounted in the cavity, characterized in that it contains a first surface of the first field the tip and the second surface of the second pole tip, separated from each other by an air gap the size of which is a given working backlash greater than the distance between the centers of the first end and the second end of the element, while each of the pole pieces can be attracted by a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field, transmitted by one of the ends of the element, namely by means of the first end or the second end, or can create a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic a field attracting one of the ends of the element, namely the first end or the second end, moreover, magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic forces of attraction of different strengths act on both ends of the element, as a result of which one of the two ends of the element is attracted and directly or indirectly contacts only one from the surfaces of the pole pieces, while at the first end and second end of the element, magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields of different strengths are created.

The invention also relates to a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic hinge comprising a watch element made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is, according to at least partially conductive or at least partially electrified, while the first end and the second end of the specified element are pivotally mounted in the cavity, characterized in that it contains the first surface of the first lug tip and the second surface of the second pole tip, separated from each other by an air gap the size of which is a given working backlash greater than the distance between the centers of the first end and the second end of the element, while each of the pole pieces can be attracted by a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field, transmitted through one of the ends of the element, namely, through the first end or the second end, or can create a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic a field attracting one of the ends of the element, namely the first end or the second end, and the magnetic or electrostatic forces of different strength act on the two ends of the element, as a result of which one of the two ends of the element is attracted and directly or indirectly contacts only one of the surfaces of the pole pieces, with magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields of different strengths being created at the first end and second end of the element.

The invention also relates to a clock mechanism containing at least one device of the indicated type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation and / or at least one magnetic and / or electrostatic hinge of the specified type.

In addition, the invention relates to a watch containing at least one clock mechanism of the specified type and / or at least one device of the specified type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation, and / or at least one magnetic and / or an electrostatic hinge of the indicated type.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, followed by the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of a device for adjusting the position of an element according to the invention;

in FIG. 2 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 1, an element mounted in a magnetic joint according to the invention;

in FIG. 3 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 1, of a magnetic joint according to the invention, comprising the device of FIG. 1, and the element shown in FIG. 2, in a stable position;

in FIG. 4 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 1, a magnetic hinge according to the invention, which shows a system of forces acting on an element;

in FIG. 5 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 4, a system of forces acting on an element in an unstable position;

in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the axis of a hinge, namely, a magnetic hinge according to the invention, comprising a device for correcting the position of an element according to a first embodiment of the invention;

in FIG. 7 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 6, a magnetic hinge according to another embodiment of the invention;

in FIG. 8 is a schematic local view and perspective view of a watch comprising a mechanism that includes a magnetic hinge according to the invention, in particular in accordance with the embodiments of the invention shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7;

in FIG. 9 is an element representing a balance set in a correction device according to the invention;

in FIG. 10 - forces acting on the element;

in FIG. 11 is a graph of the dependence of the density of the resulting magnetic force on the distance from the center of the element in the direction of the longitudinal axis shown in FIG. 10;

in FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a correction device according to an embodiment of the invention;

in FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the hinge axis of a correction device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention provided with a damping assembly;

in FIG. 14 is a schematic partial view and perspective view of a damping element according to the embodiment of FIG. 13;

The implementation of the invention

In accordance with the invention, a special method is developed for orienting the watch element 1 by adjusting its position during rotation and, more specifically, a method for centering the indicated element along the D axis of the hinge.

The objective of the invention is to offer an alternative to traditional hinges and, compared with conventional mechanical corrective devices, significantly reduce friction, as well as to achieve independence of the quality of the watch from its orientation in space.

To implement the method according to the invention, a device is used that corrects the position of the element during rotation by forming a magnetic and / or electrostatic hinge for the watch element and allows for efficiency and / or quality factor regardless of the orientation of the watch.

Since the present invention has certain specific features, which will be described later, and is based on the preferred use of very intense magnetic and / or electrostatic forces that counteract gravity, the invention finds particular application in the field of micromechanics and, more specifically, in the time measurement technique for which it Developed and manufactured existing prototypes. Since the elements of time measuring devices have a small mass, i.e. very light weight, it is possible, taking into account the size of the watch, etc. generate magnetic and / or electrostatic fields capable of creating an attractive force and / or torque on said element that exceed at least ten times the gravitational force of attraction or torque. Thus, the invention described here, intended for preferred use in the time measurement technique, provides for the use of directly known magnets and electrets having the necessary dimensions and capable of creating magnetic or electrostatic fields of the required intensity, without the need for any special developments.

The present invention proposes to improve the rotation conditions of the element by reducing friction, compared with the prior art, and by constantly aligning the main axis of inertia, hereinafter for simplification called the "longitudinal axis", with the theoretical axis of the hinge. It goes without saying that the invention is also applicable to elements that are unbalanced or rotate around an axis different from the main axis of inertia, however, the invention provides the greatest advantages, preferably, when the main axis of inertia of the element coincides with the axis of the hinge.

Thus, an element can be, but is not limited to, a balance, a spring-loaded balance node, an anchor wheel, pallets, a gear wheel, a rattle, a ratchet, a lever, a drum, an automatic winding rotor, a date or moon phase disk, a hammer, an artificial heart element , a column wheel or any other element that is usually pivotally movable.

According to the invention, when using magnetic and / or electrostatic forces, an axis-hinge system is formed for the element.

In the following description, the term "magneto-permeable" materials refers to materials having a relative magnetic permeability of 100 to 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative magnetic permeability close to 100 and are used, for example, for the manufacture of balance axes, or steel with relative magnetic permeability close to 4000, commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys, the relative magnetic permeability of which reaches values from 8000 to 10000.

“Magnetic materials”, for example, used for pole pieces, are materials with magnetic properties and create a residual field with induction from 0.1 to 1.5 T, for example, “neodymium-iron-boron”, density Em whose magnetic energy is close to 512 kJ / m ³ and the induction of the residual field is from 0.5 to 1.3 T. If a magnetic material of the indicated type with a magnetic permeability within the range of 100 to 10,000 and a magnetically permeable antagonistic element with a high permeability close to 10,000 constitute a pair, a residual field with lower induction near the lower part of the specified range can be used.

The term "paramagnetic" materials refers to materials with a relative magnetic permeability of 1.0001 to 100, used, for example, for connecting parts that are installed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonistic element or between two magnetic materials, for example, for a connecting part installed between element and magnetic pole piece.

The term “diamagnetic” materials means materials with a relative magnetic permeability of less than 1.

“Soft magnetic” materials, unlike “non-magnetic” materials, have high magnetic permeability and high saturation, are quickly demagnetized and, as far as possible, are able to conduct a magnetic field, and therefore are used, in particular, for the manufacture of screens that reduce exposure to an external field. Similar parts can also protect the magnetic system from external fields. Preferably, materials are selected having a relative magnetic permeability of from 50 to 200 and a saturation region that exceeds 500 A / u.

By the term “non-magnetic” materials is meant materials with a relative magnetic permeability of a little more than 1 and less than 1.0001, usually like silicon, diamond, palladium and similar materials. Products from these materials can usually be obtained using MEMS technology or the LIGA method.

In the following description, the term "conductive" materials refers to materials whose specific resistance at ambient temperature (T = 20 ° C) is less than 1 μOhm · m, for example silver, gold and aluminum are excellent conductors. In the following description, the term "insulating" materials means materials whose resistivity at ambient temperature is more than 10,000 μOhm · m and dielectric strength is more than 10 kV / mm, for example glassy or plastic materials, as a rule, are good insulators.

In order to ensure a high level of efficiency and / or quality factor of an element at any position of the watch, the influence of gravitational force of attraction should be minimized. In standard-sized watches, using commercially available micromagnets, it is possible to create magnetic and / or electrostatic forces in excess of gravity and create a torque in excess of the torque acting on the element during operation. A system controlled by magnetic and / or electrostatic forces, compared with conventional mechanical systems, is significantly less sensitive to gravity and, thus, less sensitive to changing the position of the clock.

The description of the invention discloses in more detail the use of magnetic forces. However, according to the invention, electrostatic forces, or even magnetic and electrostatic forces in combination, can be applied in a similar manner. In particular, the element 1, rotating around the axis D, continues in the direction of this axis D from the first end 2 to the second end 3. The first end 2 and the second end 3 can be subjected to different processing, for example, the first end 2 can be subjected to many magnetic forces and the second end 3 may be exposed to a plurality of electrostatic forces or vice versa. The same end can also be combined with a plurality of magnetic forces and a plurality of electrostatic forces.

According to FIG. 10 in the first construction, pole pieces are used, preferably formed of one or more micromagnets or electrified bodies, respectively, and correcting the position of the element when turning by magnetizing or, respectively, electrifying the axis of an element made, for example, of soft magnetic or, respectively, conductive material, and thus creating a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic force of attraction between the bearings and the axis of the element.

The use of the invention in a time measuring technique, as already mentioned, is preferred, while according to an embodiment involving the use of forces of magnetic origin, the pole pieces are preferably formed from permanent magnets, however, for other applications, electromagnets can be used, in particular for static applications. By the term “magnet” in the following description, in general, is meant a magnetized pole piece.

According to the invention, the device from the side of the first end 2 of the element 1 has means for adjusting the position of the first end 2 when turning or, preferably, means for attracting the first end 2 of the element and holding it on the first pole piece 4, which is different from the element 1, and from the side of the second end 3 of element 1, there are means for adjusting the position of the second end 3 during rotation or, preferably, means for attracting the second end 3 to the second pole piece 6.

The element 1, at least near the first end 2 and the second end 3 is preferably made of magnetically permeable and / or conductive material. According to a specific embodiment of the invention, said material can also be magnetized and / or electrified.

Element 1 can move in cavity 1A. By the term “pole piece” is meant a body which, at least in the vicinity of the cavity 1A, is made of magnetically permeable and / or conductive material, or according to a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of magnetized and / or electrified material. Pole lugs 4 or 6 are not part of element 1 and are located at or near the periphery of cavity 1A.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, 9 and 13, the pole piece is separated from the cavity 1A by a connecting part that comprises a supporting or abutting surface for the element 1. Thus, in FIG. 7 shows a first pole piece 4, separated from the element 1 by a connecting part 18, which contains the first supporting surface 5 of the specified type, and shows a second pole piece 6, separated from the element 1 by the connecting part 19, which contains the second contact surface 7 of the specified type. According to this embodiment, the pole pieces, without having direct contact with the element 1, interact with it, as the case may be, by means of magnetic and / or electrostatic attraction or repulsion, i.e. one axial end of the element 1 in the axial direction D is magnetized or electrified and interacts with the nearest pole piece that is magnetically permeable or conductive under the action of magnetic or electrostatic force, or vice versa, one axial end of the element 1 in the axial direction D is magnetically permeable or conductive and interacts with the nearest pole piece that is magnetized or electrified.

According to another embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6, the pole piece may comprise a surface forming one of the side surfaces of the cavity 1A to which the first end 2 or the second end 3 of the element 1 is able to approach or with which it is able to contact. Preferably, when the element 1 is a movable element that rotates around the axis D of the hinge, while the axis D passes through the surface of the pole piece, magnetic and / or electrostatic interaction occurs in a similar way, however, in the absence of connecting parts, i.e. element 1 is in direct contact with one of the pole pieces.

According to other embodiments of the invention, one of the ends of the element 1 can be in direct contact with the pole piece, and the forces of attraction or repulsion act on the other end of the element 1, and there is no direct contact with the pole piece or vice versa.

In the description, a preferred embodiment of the invention is presented in more detail, according to which element 1 is exposed to a force field of attraction. Naturally, in contrast, it is possible to provide a repulsive force field holding the element 1 on the axis D by means of pole pieces distributed annularly around the axis. However, according to this embodiment, along with the advantage that complete levitation of the element 1 is ensured, there is a disadvantage associated with the fact that around the element 1 a large annular space is occupied. Moreover, with complete levitation, it is impossible to ensure a perfect arrangement of the element 1 relative to the axis D, which is provided according to the invention when the element 1 is supported at one of its ends.

The first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 are different from the element 1, each of which can be located on the periphery of the cavity 1A or near it and can be made of at least partially magnetic or, respectively, at least partially magnetically permeable material, and / or at least partially electrified or, respectively, at least partially conductive material. The element 1 is freely installed in the cavity 1A between the pole pieces 4 and 6, so that it can rest on a supporting surface in the vicinity of only one of these pole pieces 4, 6.

In FIG. 10 shows a two-dimensional, axisymmetric schematic diagram of an element 1 according to the invention, for example, balance according to an embodiment involving the use of forces of magnetic origin; the longitudinal axis of the element is bounded by the first end 2 of the element and the second end 3 of the element, the element is made of magnetizable or magnetic material and is located between two magnetic pole pieces, in particular permanent magnets M _A and M _B , which create magnetic polarization in the z direction, which determines the theoretical the axis of the hinge of the element with which the longitudinal axis of the element should be aligned. Hereinafter, by the term “element shaft” is meant a shaft-like part of element 1, which extends from the first end 2 of the element to the second end 3 of the element. The shaft of the element 1 can be supported directly on the magnet or magnets, or using two stones installed between the magnets and the shaft of the element, or due to the surface treatment of the magnets. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 7, the shaft of the element 1 can be mounted on the connecting piece 18 mounted on the first pole piece 4. The second pole piece 6 may also include a connecting piece 19 of this type. Connecting parts must ensure the passage of the magnetic field. Connectors that form the abutment surface and also protect the pole pieces in the event of an impact must have the required tribological characteristics. In FIG. 3, 4 and 6 show the direct support of the element 1 on the first pole piece 4, in addition, for example, during assembly or in the event of an impact, the element can periodically rest directly on the second pole piece 6. The size and / or magnetic energy of the magnets and the shaft length of the element optimized to maximize the attractive force F _m between the shaft and one of the two magnets M _B.

According to the invention, the attractive force F _{m is} much higher than the gravity F _g and, preferably, their ratio is at least 10: 1, while the shaft stably rests on only one of the two magnets at any position of the chronometer or watch. The schematic diagram shows the case when two forces F _g and F _m applied to the center of gravity of the element are opposite.

When the shaft deviates from the z direction, the magnetic return torque acts on it, while the geometry of the system is optimized so that the magnetic return torque is greater than the torque created by gravity and more torque is needed to stabilize the orientation of the element shaft in direction z.

The magnetic force that acts on the magnetized shaft is proportional to the magnetization vector M _ax (r, z) and the gradient of the magnetic field H created by two magnets

,

,

where integration is carried out over the shaft volume V _ax .

This dependence makes it possible to optimize the size of the magnets and / or their magnetic energy and the geometry of the element shaft in order to maximize the attractive force between the shaft and one of the two magnets M _B according to the variant shown in FIG. 10. Consequently, the shaft in all positions relies on only one of the two magnets.

Since gravity is greater than gravity and the maximum force applied to the element, this configuration is stable.

The invention significantly increases the efficiency of conventional shockproof technical solutions, which, preferably, can be introduced into the present invention, since the shaft is returned to its correct equilibrium position after impact, which cannot be guaranteed using conventional mechanical hinge devices. The function of the upper magnet is to stabilize the shaft orientation. The magnetic torque acting on the shaft is determined by the formula

Magnetic torque is zero only when the shaft is oriented in the direction of the lines of force, i.e. in the z direction. If the orientation of the shaft is broken and it deviates from the z direction, then under the influence of the return torque C _{m the} shaft is again set to the equilibrium position.

In FIG. 11 shows the density of the resulting magnetic force on the shaft of the element, which represents the real balance of the clock. The resulting magnetic force F _m = 10 mN is directed to the magnet M _B , the magnitude of the magnetic force is an order of magnitude greater than the value of gravity and the generated torque exceeds the maximum torque applied to the element under the influence of the environment.

An advantage of the invention is the limitation to a large extent of the magnetic field inside the shaft of the element, while the lines of force are actually parallel to the z direction. The resulting magnetic force density for real balance is shown in FIG. 11. Since the positive component of the force in the direction of M _B is the largest, the resulting force acting on the balance is directed to M _B.

Since the force acting on the shaft depends to a small extent on the position of the shaft on the supporting surface and the field in the center of the surface of the pole pieces (i.e. magnets) is essentially uniform, the shaft rotates freely around the z axis and does not occur additional friction. As a result, the energy dissipation of the element’s vibrations is significantly reduced, and mechanical friction is also reduced, which increases the efficiency and / or quality factor of the element at any position of the watch.

In an alternative configuration, the element shaft itself may be a permanent magnet or may be surrounded by pole pieces made of magnetizable material, or the shaft may be directly magnetized, thereby maximizing magnetic forces and corresponding torques and further minimizing the effect of gravity.

In an alternative configuration, the shaft and / or block of the element may be formed of diamagnetic material, for example pyrolytic graphite, and the hinge may be formed of several variable magnets providing diamagnetic levitation and positioning of the element.

The present invention has many advantages, which are listed below:

- achieved identical efficiency and / or quality factor of the element with deviations of less than 5% at any position of the watch;

- an increase in the efficiency and / or quality factor of the element at any position of the watch is achieved in comparison with the use of traditional hinges;

- with the oscillatory movement of the element, in particular the balance, the amplitude of the oscillations is increased and identical at any position of the clock;

- friction, energy dissipation and change in torque are minimized;

- reduced the number of elements compared to other technical solutions;

- provides shockproof watches;

- the system can be used in other magnetic devices;

- the invention is applicable to chronometers or watches of any type, in particular to mechanical chronometers or watches, both simple and complicated, or to any portable scientific instrument or similar device.

A variant of the invention with non-centered magnets may be of interest in certain cases, in particular for elements with a slight torque deviation and for which, due to the shape or position of the element, the non-centered configuration of the magnets is easier to implement.

Regarding a typical element, the invention, in addition, preferably allows the use of curved shafts: in this case, two magnetic pole pieces (i.e. magnets) should have a different direction.

When the lines of force of two magnetic pole pieces (i.e. magnets) are not centered, the system tends to a fairly stable equilibrium position. If these two directions do not differ too much, the longitudinal axis of the element may be within the dynamic mode indefinitely, passing from one unstable position to another unstable position. However, any misalignment leads to a decrease in the magnetic force applied to the element and, in particular, to a decrease in the return torque. Therefore, in this case, the stability is lower than in the preferred case when the field lines are centered. When the element is part of an oscillation generator, misalignment should be avoided, since this creates a radial magnetic torque that adversely affects the operation.

It is possible to provide various embodiments of the magnetic hinge according to the invention depending on the composition and magnetic properties of the element, if the shaft is made of a homogeneous material, the lines of force can easily be closed. A slight inhomogeneity in the longitudinal direction associated with a change in the density, cross section or concentration of the components of the alloy can be used to increase the asymmetry of the force and, therefore, to increase the attractive force on one of the two sides of the element. The material, at least at one of the ends, namely at the first end or at the second end of the element, is preferably a ferromagnet, since when using paramagnetic material creates a very weak force.

You can also create a non-magnetic region, i.e. a region with a very low magnetic permeability, between the magnetic regions that are located on the first and second ends of the element, if these ends are constantly magnetized. This placement provides a sufficiently large force and large torque.

In FIG. 1-14 show embodiments of the invention.

The invention relates to a method for orienting an element of 1 hours by adjusting the position when turning said element made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic and / or from a material that is at least at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, while the first end 2 and the second end 3 of the element 1 are pivotally mounted in the cavity 1A.

According to the invention, two magnetic or, respectively, electrostatic fields are created on both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3, with each field tending to attract element 1 to the pole piece 4, 6, thus imbalance between magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields near element 1 and a difference in forces occurs, as a result of which one of the two ends 2, 3 is pressed against the contact surface 5, 7 of one of the pole pieces 4, 6, and the other the third end 3, 2 is kept at a distance from the contact surface 7, 5 of the other pole piece 6, 4. An imbalance between the magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields occurs and exists near the air gap formed in the space between the specified contact surfaces 5 and 7, which locally limit the cavity 1A.

The created magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are asymmetric and differ in intensity.

According to the present invention, magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are created on the pole pieces 4 and 6 or on the element 1 directly or both on the pole pieces 4, 6 and on the element 1.

When magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are created on the pole pieces 4 and 6, according to the invention, an imbalance between the magnetic or electrostatic fields exists regardless of whether element 1 is present in the air gap, while the fields are asymmetric and differ in intensity; the imbalance according to the invention creates a difference in the forces acting on the element, and does not depend on the position of the specified element in the air gap, but depends only on the asymmetric fields created on the pole pieces 4 and 6.

When magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are created on the element 1 itself, they also have different strengths at the ends 2 and 3 of the element 1.

When magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields are created both on the pole pieces 4 and 6, and on the element 1, their intensity should be such that the resulting field is asymmetric both on the pole pieces 4 and 6, and at the ends 2 and 3 of the element one.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, two magnetic fields of essentially the same direction and orientation are created on both sides of the element, namely, from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3. Said first embodiment of the invention is applied, in particular, to an element whose shaft is conductive and magnetizable from its first end 2 to the second end 3, while the magnetic field density has the highest concentration around the hinge axis D.

According to another embodiment of the invention, two magnetic fields are created from both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3, of essentially the same direction and opposite orientation. This option is used when there is an electrical and / or magnetic heterogeneity between the first end 2 and the second end 3 of the element, for example, when at its ends 2, 3 the element with a very low magnetic permeability contains two magnetically permeable or magnetic half-shafts. Naturally, the field configuration according to the first embodiment of the invention is also applicable in this case. When element 1 is solid and when heterogeneity is achieved by a special manufacturing method, for example by surface treatment, another embodiment of the invention can be applied.

In a specific and preferred embodiment of the invention, according to which the element is a balance or an element of an oscillation generator, two magnetic fields that have the same direction are created from both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the watch element 1 is oriented along the hinge axis D, determined by the location of two magnetic fields generated by the corresponding pole pieces 4, 6. On both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3 , on the first pole piece 4 and on the second pole piece 6, respectively, a first magnetic field and a second magnetic field of opposite orientation are generated, with each field having rotational symmetry relative to the axis D of the hinge and tends to attract element 1 to one of the pole pieces 4, 6. The density of the first magnetic field near the first end 2 of the element is greater than the density of the second magnetic field near the second end 3 of the element, resulting in the first end 2 being attracted and in contact with the first pole piece 4. The size of the air gap E between the pole pieces 4, 6 is a predetermined working play J greater than the distance between the centers L of the first end 2 of the element and the second end 3 of the element.

The invention also relates to a device 10, which corrects the position of the element 1 hours during rotation, due to which, in particular, a method of orienting the element by adjusting the position of the specified element during rotation is carried out. Element 1 should be made of a material that is at least partially magnetically permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic, and / or from a material that is at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, with the first end 2 and the second end of the element 1 pivotally mounted in the cavity 1A.

The correction device 10 from the side of the first end 2 of the element contains means for attracting and holding the first end 2 at rest on the first pole tip 4, and from the side of the second end 3 of the element contains means for attracting the second end 3 to the second pole tip 6 and hold near the second pole tip 6.

According to the invention, the correcting device 10 on both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3, comprises a first surface of the first pole piece 4 and a second surface of the second pole piece 6, which are separated from each other by an air gap E, the size of which the value of the specified working play J is greater than the distance L between the centers of the first end 2 and the second end 3 of the element.

Pole lugs 4 and 6, which are different from element 1, can be attracted by a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field transmitted by one of the ends of element 1, namely, by the first end 2 or second end 3, or, preferably, can create a magnetic or, accordingly, an electrostatic field attracting one of the ends of element 1, namely the first end 2 or the second end 3.

Magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields have different intensities at the first end of the 2 elements and at the second end of the 3 elements, so that the magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic forces acting on the ends 2 and 3 of the element 1 have different intensities, as a result of which the element 1 is attracted only one of its two ends 2 and 3 and directly or indirectly in contact with only one of the surfaces of the pole pieces 4 and 6.

According to a specific embodiment, the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 are movable in the cavity between the two locking elements.

According to a specific embodiment, on the one hand, means for attracting the first end 2 and, on the other hand, means for attracting the second end 3 can move along the axial direction D between the locking elements.

According to the invention, the device 10 comprises a first surface 5 of the first pole piece 4 and a second surface 7 of the second pole piece 6, separated from each other by an air gap E, the size of which by the amount of the specified working play J is greater than the distance L between the centers of the first end 2 and the second end 3 of the element .

Each of the magnetic pole pieces 4, 6 can be attracted by a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field transmitted by one of the ends of element 1, namely, by the first end 2 or second end 3, or it can create a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field attracting one from the ends of element 1, namely, the first end 2 or the second end 3, while the two ends 2, 3 of element 1 are affected by magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic attractive forces of different tension, as a result of which one of the two ends 2, 3 of the element 1 is attracted and directly or indirectly contacts only with one of the surfaces 5, 7 of the pole pieces 4, 6.

Magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields that act near the first end 2 and second end 3 of the element have different strengths and are asymmetric.

According to the invention, both the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 are made of magnetic or magnetically permeable or, respectively, electrified or conductive material, and they are magnetic or, respectively, electrified, and element 1 is not. The first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 jointly define the hinge axis D, with which, when the element 1 is mounted between the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6, the longitudinal axis D1 of the piece 1 is aligned connecting its first end 2 and the second end 3.

According to the invention, the first pole piece 4, corresponding to the first end 2, creates near the first surface 5 a first magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field along the hinge axis D, which tends to move the first pole piece 4 closer to the first end 2 and has a higher density than the density the second magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field along the axis D of the hinge created near the second surface 7 of the second pole piece 6 or, respectively, the second end 3 of the element. The second magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field tends to move the second pole tip 6 closer to the second end 3 of the element so that the first end 2 of the element contacts the first surface 5 and so that the longitudinal axis D1 of element 1 coincides with the axis D of the hinge , and the second end 3 of the element remained at a distance from the second surface 7.

Preferably, the distance E defining the air gap between the first surface 5 and the second surface 7 is such that a predetermined working play J is provided over the entire temperature range of the use of the guide device 10 and element 1. This play is strictly positive and excludes any clamping of the element or its friction fit. Preferably, the predetermined working play J is 0.020 mm or more.

Preferably, on the one hand, the material for the element 1 with the required magnetic permeability is selected and the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 are magnetized, and on the other hand, the element 1 is set so that the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field acted on the element 1 by attractive forces, which are at least 30% higher than the gravitational force of attraction acting on the element 1, and preferably five to ten times the gravitational force when tension acting on the element 1, which allows to provide better performance when changing the position of the watch.

Similarly, on the one hand, the material for the element 1 with the required magnetic permeability is selected and the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 are magnetized, respectively, and, on the other hand, the element 1 is preferably installed so that due to the attractive forces the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field created torques acting on the element 1, which are more than ten times the gravitational torque acting on the element 1, at any position of the clock.

Preferably, the magnetic field density near the first surface 5 and the second surface 7 is 100,000 A / m or greater.

The device 10 preferably contains shielding means 20 made of soft magnetic materials that are installed to prevent the influence of any magnetic field with a radial component on the axis D of the hinge near the first and second contact surfaces 5 and 7.

For example, the shielding means 20 comprise at least one tubular part 21, 22 centered on the hinge axis D and surrounding the first pole piece 4 or second pole piece 6 and at least the second end 3 of member 1, as shown in FIG. . 6, 7 and 8.

According to an embodiment of the invention in which electrostatics is used, on the one hand, the material for element 1 is also selected and the first pole piece 4 and second pole piece 6 are electrified, respectively, and, on the other hand, element 1 is set so that the first electrostatic the field and the second electrostatic field acted on the element 1 by attractive forces, which are at least 30% higher than the gravitational force of attraction acting on the element 1, and preferably ie five to ten times greater than the gravitational force of attraction exerted on the element 1, which allows for better performance if you change the hours.

In FIG. 3, 4 and 6, an element 1 is shown which rests directly on the surface 5 of the first magnetic pole piece 4. In FIG. 7 shows that the first end 2 of the element 1 rests on the surface 5 of the connecting part 18, which rests directly on the first pole tip 4 or is in close proximity to it, creating an indirect support, while the attractive force, respectively, between the element 1 and the pole tip 4 created by a magnetic or electrostatic field is not reduced. Similarly, when using the connecting parts 18, 19 or when processing the surfaces 5, 7 of the pole pieces 4 and 6, the materials for the connecting parts or the specified processing, processing methods and dimensions of the connecting parts, especially the thickness, must be selected so that the force of attraction of the magnetic or electrostatic field, which is created respectively between the first end 2 of the element 1 and the pole piece 4, on the one hand, and between the second end 3 of the element 1 and the second pole decreases akonechnikom 6, on the other hand.

Preferably, at least the first surface 5 contains a hard coating or may be a solid surface of the connecting part 18, which is installed between the first pole piece 4 and the element 1. A similar connecting part 19 can be installed between the second pole piece 6 and the element 1.

In addition, the device 10 preferably comprises means, for example, an anchor clip, for looping a magnetic or respectively electrostatic field between the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6. According to an embodiment of the invention that uses magnetism, FIG. 12 shows that the first pole piece 4 is magnetically connected to the first arm 41 made of ferromagnetic material, and the second pole piece 6 is magnetically connected to the second arm 42 made of ferromagnetic material, while the second arm 42 is pressed against one pole of the magnetic source 40, which is a magnet or similar element, and the first shoulder 41 is pressed against the other pole of the indicated magnetic source 40. In this case, the shielding means 20 are installed between the magnetic source 40 and the element field of interaction 1 with pole pieces 4 and 6 in the direction D. This arrangement is suitable for any combination when a magnetically permeable element 1 and magnetic pole pieces 4 and 6 are used, either magnetic element 1 and magnetically permeable pole pieces 4 and 6, or magnetic element 1 and magnetic pole pieces 4 and 6. The transfer field, shown as transverse, can have any other configuration in space, which, in particular, corresponds to the volume available in the watch mechanism or in the watch and allows the field to be transmitted to the hinge direction D. This provides the advantage that the dimensions of the field sources can be increased regardless of whether they are, magnetic or electrostatic in nature.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the attraction between the pole pieces 4, 6 and the element 1 is inherently electrostatic. The described device design using magnetic attraction may be used. However, in this case, it is more difficult to provide a sufficient electrostatic charge to obtain electrostatic forces and torques that far exceed the gravitational forces and torques transmitted from the mechanism with which the element 1 interacts.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the attraction between the pole pieces 4, 6 and the element 1 is inherently electrostatic. In this case, the term “relative permittivity” or “dielectric constant” is used instead of the term “magnetic permeability” and the term “electrostatic field” is used instead of the term “magnetic field”. The design of the correction device 10 is completely similar and its dimensions are selected in accordance with the constant electrostatic fields created between the element 1 and the pole pieces 4 and 6.

According to this embodiment, the corrective device 10 is related to the protection of the watch element 1 made of a material that is at least partially conductive or at least partially electrified at the first end 2 and at the second end 3. According to the invention, the corrective device 10 contains on both sides of the element, namely from the side of the first end 2 and from the side of the second end 3, the first surface 5 of the first pole piece 4 and the second surface 7 of the second pole piece 6, separated from each other angle by an air gap whose size by a given working play J is greater than the distance between the centers of the first end 2 of the element and the second end 3 of the element, each of the pole pieces 4, 6 can be attracted by an electrostatic field transmitted through one of the ends of the element 1, namely by means of the first end 2 or the second end 3, or can generate an electrostatic field attracting one of the ends of the element 1, namely, the first end 2 or the second end 3, and the two ends 2, 3 of the element 1 act Electrostatic attractive forces of different tension, as a result of which one of the two ends of element 1 is attracted and directly or indirectly contacts only one of the surfaces 5, 7 of the pole pieces 4, 6. Electrostatic fields at the first end 2 and at the second end 3 of the element have different tension .

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, both the first pole piece 4 and the second pole piece 6 can move in the cavity between the two locking elements 41, 42 or 43, 44, respectively.

In short, according to this embodiment of the invention, electrostatic forces and corresponding torques are used, and the conductive material can be used for element 1 if the pole pieces 4 and 6 are electrified and charged with sufficient energy, or for pole pieces 4 and 6 if element 1 is electrified and charged. The specified conductive material is polarized by induction created by parts that are constantly charged. A similar embodiment of the device can be made in which instead of a conductor an insulating material, a semiconductor or a dielectric is used. In this case, the polarization is limited by the surface of the dielectric and the attractive force and torque are less than those generated by the use of a conductive material, however, they are still acceptable for watches.

According to another embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to combine the action of electrostatic forces and corresponding torques and magnetic forces and corresponding torques.

In addition, the invention relates to a magnetic or, accordingly, to an electrostatic hinge 100 containing a 1-hour element of the indicated type, made of a material that is at least partially magneto-permeable or, respectively, at least partially magnetic, and / or of a material that is at least partially conductive or, respectively, at least partially electrified, while the first end 2 and the second end 3 of the element 1 are pivotally mounted in the cavity 1A.

The magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic hinge 100 comprises a device 10 that adjusts the position of the 1 hour clock during rotation, which contains the first surface 5 of the first pole piece 4 and the second surface 7 of the second pole piece 6, separated from each other by an air gap E, the size of which is a given working play J is greater than the distance L between the centers of the first end 2 of the element and the second end 3 of the element. Each of the pole pieces 4, 6 can be attracted by a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field emitted by one of the ends of the element 1, namely, the first end 2 or the second end 3, or it can create a magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic field attracting one of the ends of the element 1, namely, the first end 2 and the second end 3. Since magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic fields have different strengths, magnetic or, accordingly, electrostatic attractive forces acting on two ends 2, 3 element 1 also have different tension, as a result of which one of the two ends 2, 3 of element 1 is attracted and directly or indirectly contacts only one of the surfaces 5, 7 of the pole pieces 4, 6.

Preferably, the magnetic joint 100 comprises a correction device 10 according to one of the embodiments of the invention described above. The hinge further comprises an element 1 having a substantially shaft-like part made of a material that is at least magnetically permeable or, respectively, dielectric permeable or at least magnetic or, respectively, electrostatic, moreover , the shaft-like part extends from the first end 2 of the element to the second end 3 of the element and defines the longitudinal axis D1. Corrective device 10 contains means for installing the element 1 in the air gap. Or, the correcting device 10 can be disassembled into several parts, which for the interaction with each other, and / or with the bridge 31, and / or with the plate 30 contain the appropriate means that allows you to install the element 1 so that its first end 2 rests on the first part of the device, which contains the first surface 5 and the first pole piece 4, and then assemble the second part of the device, which contains the second surface 7 and the second pole piece 6.

According to the most preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 8 and 9, the element 1, rotating around the longitudinal axis D1, has a spindle-shaped portion 8, the cross section of which decreases from the center of gravity of the element 1 towards the second end 3 of the element to improve the magnetic field gradient near the second surface 7 and to facilitate centering of the second end 3 along the axis D hinge.

When the magnetic hinge 100 comprises an element 1, which is a generator element, the element 1 should preferably be dynamically balanced so that a maximum rotation speed around the longitudinal axis D1 is ensured.

Preferably, the first end 2 of the element 1 is mounted so as to ensure limited contact of its contact surface, which is locally spherical or conical, with the first surface 5.

Preferably, the first surface 5 is an enclosing surface for engaging with the first end 2 of the element. The enclosing surface is hollow and locally spherical or conical.

In a preferred application for the generator, element 1 is a balance whose hinge axis D coincides with the longitudinal axis D1.

The invention is most effective if the shaft-like part of the element 1 is made of a ferromagnetic or magnetized material or contains areas made of a material of the indicated type in the direction of the longitudinal axis D1 of the element 1, and the rest of the element 1 is preferably made of a non-magnetic or magneto-inert material, for example silicon , or from a material having a relative magnetic permeability of less than 1.0001, and is made, in particular, using MEMS or LIGA technology or similar lib technology about when at least partially amorphous material is used to make the rest of the element 1. In the specific case, when the element is a balance, at least the rim and crossbars are preferably made of a material of the indicated type, as well as the balance spring associated with it. As a result, there is no mutual interference between the generator and the device 10, which corrects the position of the element during rotation. Preferably, all moving parts located near the ends 2 and 3 of the element are made of a non-magnetic material of the indicated type.

Most preferred is an embodiment of the invention, according to which the spring-loaded balance made entirely of silicon comprises a magnetic shaft or a shaft made of a magnetically permeable material that passes through the main axis of inertia, or two half-axles that are magnetic or made of a magnetically permeable material and are centered with both sides of the balance relative to the same axis.

Magnetic joint 100 may have one of three configurations and includes:

- An element 1 comprising a substantially shaft-like part made of a magnetically permeable material, as well as a first pole piece 4 and a second pole piece 6, which are made of magnetic material.

- An element 1 comprising a substantially shaft-like part made of magnetic material, as well as a first pole piece 4 and a second pole piece 6, which are made of magnetically permeable material.

- An element 1 comprising a substantially shaft-like part made of magnetic material, as well as a first pole piece 4 and a second pole piece 6, which are made of magnetic material.

Naturally, you can create a configuration with fields of different nature at the two ends of element 1, i.e. with a magnetic field at one end of the element and with an electrostatic field at the other end of the element.

In FIG. 13 and 14 present a preferred embodiment of the invention, according to which the device is compact and has a small thickness, so that it can be used in the mechanism of a flat watch.

The hinge 100, which is presented here as magnetic, contains a damping assembly.

The supporting surface 18A is a polished concave spherical sector made in stone 18. The stone is pressed against a permanent magnet 4, which creates a residual magnetic field with an induction preferably exceeding 1 T. The supporting stone 43 with a polished convex profile is mounted on the opposite side of the magnet 4 relative to the stone 18. The stone 18, the magnet 4 and the supporting stone 43 are inserted into a frame 40 made, for example, of beryllium bronze. Preferably, the stone 18 and the supporting stone 43 are mounted in the frame 40 with an interference fit using glue or by means of holding means providing a holding force of more than 1 N. The frame 40 slides freely in the block 41 with the hole 34 for the passage of the first end 2 of the element 1, which in this case represents a spring loaded balance. In the block 41, near the opening 34 there is a radial shockproof element or a radial shock absorber 32, formed, in particular, by a shoulder, which rotates around the axis D.

The assembly is carried out in such a way that the first end 2 of the element 1 can move in the concave sector 18 A of the support and that the convex sector of the supporting stone 43 is on the other end. The external unit 41 acts as a stopper for the element 1 during impacts.

Preferably, the first end 2 of the element or balance 1 has a curvature that is less than the curvature of the stone sector 18, and contact is made on a single bridge. The concave sector 18A of the stone 18 reduces the gap between the magnetic pole piece 4 and the first end 2 of the element 1 and thus also forms an oil reservoir.

A similar assembly operation is performed at the second end 3 of element 1. In this case, the supporting surface 19A is a polished concave spherical sector made in stone 19. The stone is pressed against a permanent magnet 6, which creates a residual magnetic field with induction, preferably above 1 T. The supporting stone 46 with a polished convex profile is mounted on the opposite side of the magnet 6, relative to the stone 19. The stone 19, the magnet 6 and the supporting stone 46 are inserted into a frame 44 made, for example, of beryllium bronze. The frame 44 slides freely in block 45 with a hole 35 for passage of the second end 3 of element 1. In block 45 near the hole 35 there is a radial shock element or radial shock absorber 33, formed, in particular, by a shoulder that rotates around axis D. so that the second end 3 of the element 1 can move in the concave sector of the support 19A and that the convex sector of the support stone 46 is at the other end. In FIG. 14 shows the end assembly at the second end 3 of the element, which is damped by a shock absorber, which is a spring shockproof lever 50. The spring lever 50, as shown in FIG. 14 is attached to the plate 30 or to the bridge 31. The lever has a free end that at least one contact surface adjoins the convex dome of the support stone 46, and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lever adjoins the support stone with three contact surfaces 51, 52 , 53 forming a triangle. Thus, the forces are evenly distributed and reliable retention in the axial direction of the supporting assembly of the second pole piece 6 is ensured. The spring shock-resistant lever of this type is preferably mounted with a preload of about 0.5 N.

Undoubtedly, a similar end node, symmetrically adjacent to the supporting stone 43, can be placed near the first end 2 of the element 1.

Magnets 4 and 6 are preferably permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets, for example Vacodym® brand marketed by Vacuumschmelze GmbH.

The invention also relates to a clock mechanism 1000, comprising at least one device 10 of the indicated type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation and / or at least one magnetic and / or electrostatic hinge 100 of the specified type.

The invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one clock mechanism 1000 of the indicated type, and / or at least one device 10 of the indicated type, which corrects the position of the element during rotation, and / or at least one magnetic or respectively, the electrostatic hinge 100 of the specified type.

Claims (29)

1. The method of orienting the element (1) of the watch by adjusting the position of the specified element (1) during rotation, while the element (1) contains a shaft-like part having at least regions of ferromagnetic material in the direction of its longitudinal axis (D1), characterized in that the selected element (1) contains ferromagnetic material at least at the level of the first end (2) and the second end (3) of the shaft-like part, respectively, of the longitudinal axis (D1), while from the side of the first end (2) , and from the side of the second end (3) create respectively essentially the first magnetic field at the first pole piece (4) and the second magnetic field at the second pole piece (6) of the same direction and opposite orientation, with each field attracting element (1) to the corresponding pole piece (4; 6) and cause imbalance between the first and second magnetic fields surrounding the element (1), resulting in a difference in the forces acting on the element, resulting in one of the ends (2; 3) the element (1) has the ability to press against the contact surface (5; 7) of one of the pole pieces (4; 6), and the other of the ends (3; 2) is kept at a distance from the contact surface (7; 5) of the other pole piece (6; 4); in this case, the imbalance between the magnetic fields arises near the air gap formed in the space between the contact surfaces (5; 7), and the magnetic fields are asymmetric. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the intensity of the first magnetic field is different from the intensity of the second magnetic field. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that each created magnetic field, namely the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field, have rotational symmetry about the axis (D) of the hinge, while the pole pieces (4; 6) are located around the axis ( D) a hinge, wherein the first magnetic field has a density near the first end (2) greater than the density of the second magnetic field near the second end (3), as a result of which the first end (2) of the element is able to attract and contact with the first pole piece (4 ), while the size is airy a gap (E) between pole pieces (4; 6) on the magnitude of a predetermined operating clearance (J) greater than the distance (L) between the first end (2) and a second end (3) of the element. 4. A device (10) that corrects the position of the watch element (1) during rotation, the element (1) containing a shaft-like part having at least regions of ferromagnetic material according to the direction of its longitudinal axis (D1), and the element (1 ) contains ferromagnetic material, at least at the level of the first end (2) and second end (3) of the shaft-like part, respectively, of the longitudinal axis (D1), characterized in that it contains the first surface (5) of the first pole piece (4) and the second surface (7) of the second pole piece (6), from divided from each other by an air gap (E), the size of which is by the amount of a given working play (J) greater than the distance (L) between the first end (2) and the second end (3), with each of the pole pieces (4, 6) made with the possibility of creating a magnetic field attracting one of the ends of the element (1), namely the first end (2) or the second end (3), moreover, the magnetic forces of attraction of different intensities act on the two ends (2, 3) of the element (1), in As a result, one of the two ends (2, 3) of the element (1) has the ability to be attracted directly but or indirectly contact only with one of the surfaces (5, 7) of the pole pieces (4, 6); moreover, the imbalance between the magnetic fields arises near the air gap formed in the space between the contact surfaces (5, 7), while the magnetic fields are asymmetric. 5. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second magnetic fields have different intensities. 6. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic permeability of the material of the element (1), on the one hand, and the magnetization of both the first pole piece (4) and the second pole piece (6), on the other hand, are selected so that the first and second magnetic fields act on the element (1) by attractive forces that are ten times higher than the gravitational force of attraction acting on the element (1). 7. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least the first surface (5) contains a hard coating or is formed by the hard surface of the first connecting part (18), which ensures the passage of the magnetic field and is installed between the first pole piece (4) and element (1). 8. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least the second surface (7) contains a hard coating or is formed by the solid surface of the second connecting part (19), which ensures the passage of the magnetic field and is installed between the first pole piece (6) and element (1). 9. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the size of the air gap (E) between the first surface (5) and the second surface (7) has a value that provides a given working play (J) in the entire temperature range of the use of the correction device (10) and element (1), while the specified working play (J) is 0.020 mm or greater than this value. 10. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the first pole piece (4) and the second pole piece (6) is made of magnetic material and jointly determine the hinge axis (D) with which the longitudinal axis is aligned (D1 ) of the element (1) when the element (1) is installed between the first pole piece (4) and the second pole piece (6). 11. The device (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first pole piece (4) is configured to create near the first surface (5) a first magnetic field along the hinge axis (D), which tends to move the first pole piece (4) closer to the first end (2) and which has an energy density greater than the energy density of the second magnetic field along the hinge axis (D), and the second pole piece (6) is configured to create a second magnetic field near the second surface (7), while the second magnetic the field seeks to move the second pole tip (6) closer to the second end (3) of the element so that the first end (2) is in contact with the first surface (5) and the longitudinal axis (D1) of the element (1) coincides with the axis (D) of the hinge, and the second end (3) remains at a distance from the second surface (7). 12. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic field density near the first surface (5) and the second surface (7) is 100,000 A / m or greater than this value. 13. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains shielding means (20) designed to prevent the action of any magnetic field with a radial component relative to the hinge axis (D) near the first contact surface (5) and the second contact surface (7). 14. The device (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the shielding means (20) comprise at least one tubular part (21, 22) coaxial with the hinge axis (D) and surrounding the first pole piece (4) and the second a pole piece (6) and at least a second end (3) of the element (1). 15. The device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises means for looping the magnetic field between the first pole piece (4) and the second pole piece (6). 16. The device (10) according to claim 15, characterized in that the looping means comprise an anchor clip, the first pole piece (4) being magnetically connected to the first arm (41) made of ferromagnetic material and the second pole piece (6) magnetically connected to a second arm (42) made of ferromagnetic material, while the second arm (42) is pressed to one pole of the magnetic source (40) or magnet, and the first arm (41) is pressed to the other pole of the magnetic source (40) or the corresponding magnet . 17. A magnetic hinge (100) comprising a watch element (1) made of a material that is magnetically permeable or at least partially magnetically permeable and has a magnetic permeability of 100 to 10,000 or is at least partially magnetic and has the ability creating a residual field with induction from 0.1 to 1.5 T, characterized in that the element (1) contains a shaft-like part, which has at least regions of ferromagnetic material in the direction of the longitudinal axis (D1) of the element (1) , while the material of element (1) is ferromagnetic, at least at the level of the first end (2) and second end (3) of the shaft-like part, respectively, of the longitudinal axis (D1), while the magnetic hinge (100) contains a device (10) that corrects the position of the watch element (1) when turning, moreover, the device (10) contains the first surface (5) of the first pole piece (4) and the second surface (7) of the second pole piece (6), separated from each other by the air gap (E), the size of which is equal to the size of the specified working play (J) greater than the distance (L) between the first end (2) of the element that and the second end (3) of the element, each of the pole pieces (4, 6) is configured to create a magnetic field attracting one of the ends of the element (1), namely the first end (2) or the second end (3), at the same time at two ends (2; 3) of the element (1), magnetic forces of attraction of different intensities act, while one of the two ends (2; 3) of the element (1) has the ability to attract and directly or indirectly contact only one of the surfaces (5; 7) of the pole pieces (4 ; 6); moreover, the imbalance between the magnetic fields arises near the air gap formed in the space between the contact surfaces (5; 7), while the magnetic fields are asymmetric. 18. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the magnetic fields have different intensities. 19. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that each of the magnetic fields, namely the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field, have rotational symmetry about the axis (D) of the hinge, while the pole pieces (4, 6) located around the axis (D), and the density of the first magnetic field near the first end (2) of the element is greater than the density of the second magnetic field near the second end (3) of the element, as a result of which the first end (2) of the element is able to attract and contact with the first pole tip (4), with p zmer air gap (E) between the pole shoes (4, 6) by an amount predetermined operating clearance (J) greater than the distance (L) between the first end (2) and a second end (3) of the element. 20. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that, with the exception of the shaft-like part, the rest of the element (1) is made of a non-magnetic or magnetic inert material. 21. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the corrective device (10) contains means for installing the element (1) in the air gap or the corrective device (10) is disassembled into several parts that contain means for interacting with each other with a friend, and / or with a bridge (31), and / or a plate (30), which allows you to install the element (1) so that the first end (2) rests on the first part of the device, which contains the first surface (5) and the first pole piece (4), and then assemble the second part of the device Twa, which contains a second surface (7) and a second pole piece (6). 22. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the element (1) has a spindle-shaped portion (8) that can rotate around the longitudinal axis (D1) and whose cross section decreases from the center of gravity of the element (1) in the direction to the second end (3) to improve the magnetic field gradient near the second surface (7) and to facilitate centering of the second end (3) along the axis (D) of the hinge. 23. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the first end (2) of the element (1) is installed so that the contact of its contact surface, which is locally spherical or conical, with the first surface (5) is limited. 24. A magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the first surface (5) includes an enclosing surface intended to interact with the first end (2) of the element, the enclosing surface being hollow and locally spherical or conical. 25. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the first pole piece (4) and the second pole piece (6) are made of magnetic material. 26. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that the element (1) is a balance or a spring-loaded balance, and the axis (D) of the hinge coincides with the longitudinal axis (D1). 27. The magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 26, characterized in that at least the rim and balance bars are made of a magnetically inert material, or of silicon, or of a material with a very low magnetic permeability, and / or made using technology MEMS or LIGA or at least partially amorphous material, wherein the balance comprises a shaft that is made of magnetically permeable material and passes through the main axis of inertia or contains two half-axles made of magnetically permeable material and centered on both oron balance relative to the same axis. 28. Clockwork (1000), containing at least one device (10), correcting the position of the element when turning, according to claim 4 and / or at least one hinge (100) according to claim 17. 29. A clock containing at least one device (10) that corrects the position of the element when turning, according to claim 4 and / or at least one magnetic hinge (100) according to claim 17.

Images