EP3650954A1 - Governor for a watch - Google Patents

Abstract

Regulating member (30) for a watch (1000) comprising a fixed structure (100) extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction (D0), this regulating member (30) comprising a regulating member with a balance (1) arranged to pivot around a pendulum axis (D1), this pendulum (1) is pivoted by magnetic pivots, or else directly in the fixed structure (100) which carries magnets (3, 5) arranged to give an oblique or perpendicular orientation to the pendulum axis (D1) relative to the axial direction (D0), or else in a cage (11), arranged to pivot around a cage axis (DC), and which includes a cancellation device step deviation in the vertical positions (10), constituted by a vortex or a carousel, which comprises the regulating member (30), and the cage (11) carrying magnets (3, 5) defining the axis of pendulum (D1) perpendicular or oblique to the cage axis (DC).

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a regulating member for a watch comprising a fixed structure extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction, said regulating member comprising a regulating member with a balance arranged to pivot about a balance axis.

The invention also relates to a watch comprising such a regulating member.

The invention relates to the field of regulating members for watches.

Invention background

The search for the best chronometric performances is a constant concern of the big watchmaking houses. It is essentially a question of guaranteeing a constancy of the walk, whatever the geometrical position of a watch in space and compared to the gravity field.

The invention of the tourbillon by Abraham-Louis Breguet in 1901, and its improvements, as well as the invention of the carousels, in particular developed by Bonniksen at the dawn of the 20th century, allowed tremendous advances.

These mechanisms have been constantly improved, like inclined tourbillons, which always include a classic pivoting of the balance axis.

And reducing the last few seconds per day of walking distance remains a very difficult goal to achieve.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to further improve the chronometric properties of the regulating organs, in particular but not limited to whirlwinds or carousels, by adopting particular geometries of the pivot axes of the various mobiles, in combination with the adoption of means of magnetic pivoting, at least at the level of the inertial mass of the resonator, in particular a pendulum.

Thus, the invention relates to a regulating member for a watch, according to claim 1.

The invention also relates to a watch comprising such a regulating member.

Brief description of the drawings

• la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée, une montre 1000, qui comporte une structure fixe, qui s'étend sensiblement selon un plan et perpendiculairement à une direction axiale ; un organe comporte un balancier pivotant autour d'un axe de balancier parallèle à la direction axiale ;
• la figure 2 est un diagramme de marche, qui présente les propriétés chronométriques typiques d'un résonateur avec pivotement magnétique du balancier, en fonction du temps en abscisse, avec l'écart de marche en ordonnée, en secondes par jour ; les positions normalisées VB, VH, VD, VG, HH et HB sont indiquées sur la figure 1, en référence à un trièdre XYZ dont l'axe Z correspond au champ de gravité ;
• la figure 3 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe, l'organe réglant du mécanisme des figures 1 et 2 ;
• la figure 4 représente, de façon schématisée, similaire à la figure 1, un mécanisme comportant un tourbillon classique, dont l'axe de cage est, comme l'axe de balancier, parallèle à la direction axiale ;
• la figure 5 est un diagramme de marche, similaire à la figure 2, propre au mécanisme de la figure 4, simplifié avec une courbe de marche V qui est la moyenne des marches mesurées dans les positions verticales ;
• la figure 6 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, l'organe réglant du mécanisme des figures 4 et 5 ;
• la figure 7 représente, de façon schématisée, similaire à la figure 1, un mécanisme comportant une première variante de l'invention, avec un tourbillon dont l'axe de cage est perpendiculaire à la direction axiale et dont l'axe de balancier est parallèle à la direction axiale ;
• la figure 8 est un diagramme de marche, similaire à la figure 2, propre au mécanisme de la figure 7, simplifié avec une courbe de marche M qui est la moyenne des marches mesurées dans les positions verticales ;
• la figure 9 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, l'organe réglant du mécanisme des figures 7 et 8 ;
• la figure 10 représente, de façon schématisée, similaire à la figure 1, un mécanisme comportant une deuxième variante de l'invention, avec un tourbillon dont l'axe de cage est parallèle à la direction axiale et dont l'axe de balancier est perpendiculaire à la direction axiale ;
• la figure 11 est un diagramme de marche, similaire à la figure 2, propre au mécanisme de la figure 10, simplifié avec une courbe de marche V qui est la moyenne des marches mesurées dans les positions verticales ;
• la figure 12 est une vue similaire à la figure 10 montrant la montre dans une position verticale ;
• la figure 13 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, l'organe réglant du mécanisme des figures 10 à 12 ;
• la figure 14 représente, de façon schématisée, similaire à la figure 1, un mécanisme comportant une autre variante de l'invention, avec un balancier dont l'axe de balancier est oblique par rapport à la direction axiale ;
• la figure 15 représente, de façon similaire à la figure 3, l'organe réglant du mécanisme de la figures 14 ;
• la figure 16 est un diagramme de marche, similaire à celui de la figure 2, dans le cas d'une montre classique avec organe réglant à pivots mécaniques ;
• la figure 17 est un schéma-blocs représentant une montre comportant un tel organe réglant.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, where:

• the figure 1 shows, schematically, a watch 1000, which has a fixed structure, which extends substantially in a plane and perpendicular to an axial direction; a member comprises a pendulum pivoting about a pendulum axis parallel to the axial direction;
• the figure 2 is a walking diagram, which presents the chronometric properties typical of a resonator with magnetic pivoting of the balance, as a function of time on the abscissa, with the walking distance on the ordinate, in seconds per day; the standard positions VB, VH, VD, VG, HH and HB are indicated on the figure 1 , with reference to an XYZ trihedron whose Z axis corresponds to the gravity field;
• the figure 3 represents, schematically and in section, the regulating organ of the mechanism of Figures 1 and 2 ;
• the figure 4 represents, schematically, similar to the figure 1 , a mechanism comprising a conventional tourbillon, the cage axis of which is, like the balance axis, parallel to the axial direction;
• the figure 5 is a flow diagram, similar to the figure 2 , specific to the mechanism of figure 4 , simplified with a walking curve V which is the average of the steps measured in the vertical positions;
• the figure 6 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the regulating organ of the figures 4 and 5 ;
• the figure 7 represents, schematically, similar to the figure 1 , a mechanism comprising a first variant of the invention, with a vortex whose cage axis is perpendicular to the axial direction and whose pendulum axis is parallel to the axial direction;
• the figure 8 is a flow diagram, similar to the figure 2 , specific to the mechanism of figure 7 , simplified with a walking curve M which is the average of the steps measured in the vertical positions;
• the figure 9 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the regulating organ of the Figures 7 and 8 ;
• the figure 10 represents, schematically, similar to the figure 1 , a mechanism comprising a second variant of the invention, with a vortex the cage axis of which is parallel to the axial direction and the pendulum axis of which is perpendicular to the axial direction;
• the figure 11 is a flow diagram, similar to the figure 2 , specific to the mechanism of figure 10 , simplified with a walking curve V which is the average of the steps measured in the vertical positions;
• the figure 12 is a view similar to the figure 10 showing the watch in an upright position;
• the figure 13 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the regulating organ of the figures 10 to 12 ;
• the figure 14 represents, schematically, similar to the figure 1 , a mechanism comprising another variant of the invention, with a pendulum whose pendulum axis is oblique to the axial direction;
• the figure 15 represents, similarly to the figure 3 , the regulating organ of the figures 14 ;
• the figure 16 is a flow diagram, similar to that of the figure 2 , in the case of a classic watch with regulating member with mechanical pivots;
• the figure 17 is a block diagram representing a watch comprising such a regulating member.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

The figure 1 presents, very schematically, a watch 1000, which has a fixed structure 100, typically composed of a plate and bridges.

This fixed structure 100 conventionally extends substantially along a plane intended to tangent the wrist of a user for a wristwatch, or to tangent the body or a garment of the user in the case of a pocket watch. This fixed structure 100 extends substantially perpendicular to an axial direction D0. In most watches, this axial direction D0 is that of the axes of the displays such as needles or discs, and it is also the direction of most of the mobiles contained in a watch movement.

The figure 1 has only part of the regulating member, in this case an inertial mass, here a balance 1, which is returned to a rest position by elastic return means not shown, such as a spiral spring or flexible blades. This pendulum 1 pivots around a pendulum axis D1, which here is parallel, or substantially parallel, to the axial direction D0. By “substantially parallel” here is meant that the axial direction D0 and the direction of the pendulum axis D1, reported at the same point, are included in a cone with a total angle at the top less than 10 °.

The magnetic pivots, presented in 2011 by Montres Breguet SA, constituted a watchmaking revolution, which makes an essential contribution to chronometry.

The figure 2 presents the typical chronometric properties of a resonator with magnetic pivoting of the balance. The standard positions VB, VH, VD, VG, HH and HB are shown on the figure 1 , with reference to an XYZ trihedron whose Z axis corresponds to the gravity field. This figure 2 shows relatively small gait differences between the different chronometric positions, with a maximum amplitude of approximately 7 seconds per day, and with a small drift during the disarming time of the barrel, of the order of 3 seconds per day (included in the previous 7 seconds per day). These values represent significant progress compared to a traditional pivot resonator. We can see that the greatest gait deviations logically correspond to the measurements made according to the direction of the gravity field, HH and HB. The other running values are very close to each other, and converge towards a low common value, between 1 second per day and two seconds per day, towards the end of disarming the barrel.

The figure 3 indicates the main elements of the architecture of this regulating organ mechanism 30, with the shaft 2 of the pendulum 1 pivoted in cooperation with magnets 3 and 5 housed at the level of solid elements 4 and 6 of the structure 100. The balance 1 conventionally comprises a twill 9, supporting micrometric adjustment members not shown. The pendulum 1 comprises plates arranged to cooperate with the fork and the stinger of a retainer 7, in particular an anchor, pivotally mounted around an anchor axis DA; this anchor conventionally cooperates with an exhaust mobile 8, here an escape wheel, pivotally mounted around an exhaust axis DE.

Regarding the chronometric properties, the vertical positions can be adjusted precisely, by adjusting the balance imbalance, in particular by the adjustment screws on the clamp. The steps in these positions are therefore grouped in a relatively limited interval (± 2 seconds / day, even ± 1 second / day).

The "horizontal high HH" and "horizontal low HB" positions are practically not adjustable. Indeed, in one of these positions, the weight of the balance adds to the axial magnetic force while in the other position, the weight subtracts from the axial magnetic force. This results in a slight difference in gait between these two positions.

In summary, the chronometric assessment is therefore as follows: grouped vertical steps, and the HH and HB positions are discarded.

These observations are observed statistically on the chronometric records in production.

Another solution, in the tradition of the Breguet Manufacture, is to use a tourbillon. This case is explained below and differentiated into three main variants according to the respective orientations of the different axes of the different mobiles, and which are illustrated in figures 4 to 13 , which are arranged each time similarly to this first example above of a simple pendulum on magnetic pivot. In particular the chronometric properties illustrated in the figure 2 are taken over and modified / adapted in the cases set out below.

The figure 5 presents the typical chronometric properties of a resonator with magnetic pivoting of the balance 1 placed in a tourbillon 10 according to a conventional architecture, visible on the figure 4 , so that the balance axis D1 is parallel to the axial direction D0, to which the axis DC of the cage 11 of the tourbillon 10 is also parallel, as visible on the figure 6 . The shaft 2 of the pendulum 1 cooperates with magnets 3 and 5 which are this time housed in hubs 12 and 13 of the cage 11, which hubs are pivoted at the level of pivots 14 and 15 in the structure 100. The cage 11 carries the stop 7 and the exhaust mobile 8, the latter cooperates by meshing with a fixed wheel 16.

The vortex 10, by its rotation, averages the vertical positions.

By analyzing the chronometric properties of the balance alone, according to the figure 2 , it is possible to deduce the chronometric properties of this same balance in a tourbillon whose rotation is coaxial, or parallel, to the rotation of the balance according to the figure 4 . The vertical positions are averaged, according to the curve V on the figure 5 . The distance between HH and HB remains. This conventionally mounted tourbillon 10 only slightly improves the chronometric balance of this system.

The invention therefore endeavors to develop more judicious configurations, so that the tourbillon, by its rotation, averages the HH, HB positions as well as two other vertical positions. The figures 7 to 13 illustrate two advantageous variants of the invention.

The figures 7 to 9 relate to a first variant, comprising a balance wheel 1 on magnetic pivots, with a tourbillon 10 whose cage axis DC is substantially in the plane of watch 1000, therefore perpendicular to the axial direction D0, and where the balance axis D1 is out of the plane of the watch, in particular but not limited to parallel to the axial direction D0.

The figure 8 presents the typical chronometric properties of a resonator with magnetic pivoting of the balance placed in a tourbillon according to this modified architecture: cage axis DC in the plane of the watch, balance axis outside the plane of the watch. The figure 9 indicates the main elements of the architecture of this mechanism. We see that the exhaust mobile 8 meshes with a fixed wheel 17 which has changed orientation relative to that of the figure 6 , since this fixed wheel 16 now extends in the thickness of the watch, and no longer flat. The vortex 10, by its rotation, averages the positions HH, HB and two other vertical positions.

By analyzing the chronometric properties of the balance 1 alone, according to the figure 2 , we can also deduce the chronometric properties of this same balance 1 in the tourbillon 10 according to the Figures 7 and 9 . The deviation values of remain identical for two positions VB and VH. On the other hand, two vertical positions VD and VG and the two horizontal positions HH and HB are averaged, according to the curve M on the figure 8 . The distance between HH and HB is eliminated by averaging the positions covered by the tourbillon. This particular tourbillon 10 therefore improves the chronometric balance of this system. The vertical size of this device is moderate.

The figures 10 to 13 relate to a second variant, comprising a balance 1 on magnetic pivots, with a tourbillon 10 whose cage axis DC is substantially out of the plane of the watch, and the balance axis D1 in the plane of the watch.

The figure 11 presents the typical chronometric properties of an oscillator with magnetic pivoting of the balance 1 placed in a tourbillon 10 according to this modified architecture: cage axis DC outside the plane of the watch, axis of the balance D1 in the plane of the watch. The pendulum axis no longer being outside the plane of the watch in a conventional manner, the chronometric positions are no longer equivalent with the three previous cases.

In this very advantageous construction, the positions HH and HB correspond to an averaging of the positions where the pendulum axis is horizontal. When the watch is vertical, as shown on the figure 12 , the vortex 10 averages the positions where the balance 1 is coaxial with the earth's gravity field (equivalent HH and HB of the figure 2 ) as well as two positions where gravity is perpendicular to Earth's gravity.

This tourbillon very clearly improves the chronometric balance of this system. Depending on its size, its vertical size can be significant, which then reserves the use for thick watches, typically large complications. However, the improvement in chronometric properties is such that the invention makes it possible to reduce the diameters of the balance and the cage, in order to restrict the total size, and make the vertical size of such a tourbillon compatible with any haute horlogerie watch.

This favorable configuration of a balance axis D1 in the plane prompts consideration of other, more economical variants without a vortex, by positioning the balance axis D1 inclined relative to the axial direction D0. The Figures 14 and 15 illustrate such a mechanism without a vortex, where the balance 1 is simply inclined at an angle α. Indeed, a simple solution to the problem linked to the HH and HB positions is to artificially remove these positions by tilting the pendulum, for example at an angle between 20 ° and 70 °, more particularly between 30 ° and 60 °, more particularly between 40 ° and 50 °. However, in this very economical solution there remains a position of the watch where the pendulum is coaxial with gravity.

The figure 15 constitutes a particular example of geometry.

It is understood that the exhaust line may include one or more square or oblique references. This also makes the whole mechanism very compact.

• entre l'ancre et le plateau de balancier ;
• et/ou entre l'ancre et la roue d'échappement ;
• et/ou entre la roue d'échappement et la roue de seconde fixe.

Different deflection configurations, at 90 ° or at any angle, can be used:

• between the anchor and the balance plate;
• and / or between the anchor and the escape wheel;
• and / or between the escape wheel and the fixed second wheel.

Thus, the invention relates to a regulating member 30 for a watch 1000 comprising a fixed structure 100 extending substantially perpendicularly to an axial direction D0. This regulating member 30 comprises a regulating member with a pendulum 1 arranged to pivot around a pendulum axis D1.

According to the invention, this pendulum 1 is pivoted by magnetic pivots, or directly in said fixed structure 100 which carries magnets 3, 5, which are arranged to give the pendulum axis D1 an oblique or perpendicular orientation relative to in the axial direction D0, or else in a cage 11, arranged to pivot about a cage axis DC, and which comprises a device for canceling the step deviation in the vertical positions 10, constituted by a vortex or a carousel, which comprises the regulating member 30, and the cage 11 carrying magnets 3, 5, defining the balance axis D1 perpendicular or oblique with respect to the axis of cage DC.

In the first variant of figures 7 to 9 , the pendulum 1 is pivoted by such magnetic pivots in such a cage 11, the cage axis DC of which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axial direction D0. More particularly, this axis of cage DC is perpendicular to the axial direction D0.

In the second variant of figures 10 to 13 , the balance 1 is pivoted by such magnetic pivots in such a cage 11, the cage axis DC of which is parallel or substantially parallel to the axial direction D0. More particularly, the cage axis DC is parallel to the axial direction D0.

More particularly, in the first or second variant, the cage axis DC is perpendicular or oblique to the balance axis D1. More particularly still, in the first or the second variant, the cage axis DC is perpendicular to the balance axis D1.

More particularly, in the first or second variant, the balance 1 is arranged to cooperate indirectly, through a stopper 7, with an exhaust mobile 8 which meshes with a fixed wheel 16.

More particularly, in the first variant, the axis of said fixed wheel 16 is perpendicular to the axial direction D0.

More particularly, in the second variant, the axis of said fixed wheel 16 is parallel to the axial direction D0.

In the variant of Figures 14 and 15 , the pendulum 1 is pivoted by magnetic pivots directly in the fixed structure 100 which carries magnets 3, 5 arranged to give an oblique orientation to the pendulum axis D1 relative to the axial direction D0, but not perpendicular to this direction axial D0. More in particular, the pendulum 1 is arranged to cooperate indirectly, through a retainer 7, with an exhaust mobile 8 which is arranged to be driven, directly or through a gear train, by energy storage means . More particularly, as visible on the figure 15 , the pendulum 1 is arranged to cooperate obliquely with the retainer 7.

The invention also relates to a watch 1000 comprising a fixed structure 100 extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction D0, and such a regulating member 30, and comprising energy storage means arranged to drive, directly or through a gear train, the cage 11 when the regulating member 30 comprises a tourbillon or a carousel, or else the exhaust mobile 8 when the regulating member 30 does not include a tourbillon or carrousel.

• on définit des valeurs cibles de marche selon au moins chacune des six positions chronométrique normalisées ;
• on mesure les propriétés chronométriques de la montre 1000 au moins selon les six positions normalisées ;
• on modifie l'organe réglant 30 pour donner à l'axe de balancier D1 une orientation oblique ou perpendiculaire par rapport à la direction axiale D0,
• on effectue une nouvelle mesure des propriétés chronométriques de la montre 1000 au moins selon les six positions normalisées, et on compare les valeurs de marche mesurées aux valeurs cibles ;
• on cesse la modification de l'organe réglant 30 dès que les valeurs de marche mesurées sont inférieures aux valeurs cibles.

The invention also relates to a method for optimizing the chronometric properties of a mechanical watch 1000 comprising a fixed structure 100 extending substantially perpendicularly to an axial direction D0, and comprising a regulating member 30 comprising a regulating member with a balance 1 arranged to pivot around a pendulum axis D1, according to which method:

• target walking values are defined according to at least each of the six standard chronometric positions;
• the chronometric properties of the watch 1000 are measured at least according to the six standardized positions;
• the regulating member 30 is modified to give the pendulum axis D1 an oblique or perpendicular orientation relative to the axial direction D0,
• a new measurement is made of the chronometric properties of the watch 1000 at least according to the six standardized positions, and the measured running values are compared with the target values;
• the modification of the regulating member 30 is stopped as soon as the measured walking values are lower than the target values.

More particularly, when, after the new measurement, the measured walking values are greater than the target values, the regulating member 30 is further modified, by replacing the pivots of the balance wheel 1 with magnetic pivots, and / or by inserting the balance wheel 1 into a cage 11 arranged to pivot around a DC axis of the cage, and which comprises a device for canceling the step deviation in the vertical positions 10, constituted by a whirlwind or a carousel, which is incorporated into the regulating member 30.

More particularly still, when the regulating member 30 is modified by inserting the balance 1 into a cage 11, the cage 11 is fitted with magnets 3, 5, constituting magnetic pivots and defining the balance axis D1 perpendicular or oblique by relative to the DC cage axis.

More particularly, when the regulating member 30 is modified by replacing the pivots of the balance wheel 1 with magnetic pivots, a modification of the exhaust line is also carried out by incorporating one or more square or oblique references, between the anchor and the balance plate and / or between the anchor and the escape wheel and / or between the escape wheel and the fixed second wheel.

It should be noted that, if the inclination of the pendulum axis D1 relative to the axial direction D0 is favorable for improving the chronometric properties of a watch, the best result is achieved with magnetic pivots, whose power diagrams show a much better grouping in vertical positions than with conventional pivots, a much less variation (waves of the walking curves) during the power reserve duration than with conventional pivots, and a small drift during the power reserve while the steps drift substantially after 24 hours when using conventional pivots. The comparison of figures 2 , 5 , 8 , 11 and 16 clearly shows these advantages.

To simplify, the main effect of the magnetic pivots is to group the walking curves in vertical positions, with substantially linear walking curves and with a small drift, and, when this arrangement is cumulated with an oblique orientation of the axis pendulum, the walking curves in all positions are both substantially close to each other, with linear gaits, and curves corresponding to the vertical positions almost confused.

In short, in the very favorable case of the use of a vortex with a new arrangement of the axes of the mobiles, combined with the use of magnetic bearings, the rotation of the average cage at least partially positions where the earth's gravity is coaxial with the pendulum axis (magnetic).

The chronometric balance of the regulating organ is better in all positions of the watch.

Claims (17)

Regulating member (30) for a watch (1000) comprising a fixed structure (100) extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction (D0), said regulating member (30) comprising a regulating member with a balance (1) arranged to pivot around a pendulum axis (D1), characterized in that said pendulum (1) is pivoted by magnetic pivots, or else directly in said fixed structure (100) which carries magnets (3, 5) arranged to give said audit pendulum axis (D1) an oblique or perpendicular orientation relative to said axial direction (D0), or else in a cage (11), arranged to pivot around a cage axis (DC), and which comprises a device cancellation of step deviation in the vertical positions (10), constituted by a whirlpool or a carousel, which comprises said regulating member (30), and said cage (11) carrying magnets (3, 5) defining said axis of pendulum (D1) perpendicular or oblique to said axis d e cage (DC). Regulating member (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that said pendulum (1) is pivoted by said magnetic pivots in a said cage (11), of which said cage axis (DC) is parallel or substantially parallel to said direction axial (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 2, characterized in that said cage axis (DC) is parallel to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that said balance (1) is pivoted by said magnetic pivots in a said cage (11), of which said cage axis (DC) is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular or oblique by relative to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 4, characterized in that said cage axis (DC) is perpendicular to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said cage axis (DC) is perpendicular or oblique with respect to said balance axis (D1). Regulating member (30) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said balance (1) is arranged to cooperate indirectly, through a retainer (7), with an exhaust mobile (8) which meshes with a fixed wheel (16). Regulating member (30) according to claim 7 and claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the axis of said fixed wheel (16) is parallel to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 7 and claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the axis of said fixed wheel (16) is perpendicular to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that said balance (1) is pivoted by said magnetic pivots directly in said fixed structure (100) which carries magnets (3, 5) arranged to give an oblique orientation to said pendulum axis (D1) relative to said axial direction (D0), but not perpendicular to said axial direction (D0). Regulating member (30) according to claim 10, characterized in that said balance (1) is arranged to cooperate indirectly, through a retainer (7), with an exhaust mobile (8) which is arranged to be driven , directly or through a gear train, by energy storage means. Regulating member (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that said balance (1) is arranged to cooperate obliquely with said retainer (7). Watch (1000) comprising a fixed structure (100) extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction (D0), and a regulating member (30) according to one of claims 1 to 12, and comprising energy storage means arranged to drive, directly or through a gear train, said cage (11) when said regulating member (30) is according to one of claims 2 to 9, or else said exhaust mobile (8) when said regulating member (30) is according to claim 11 or 12. Method for optimizing the chronometric properties of a mechanical watch (1000) comprising a fixed structure (100) extending substantially perpendicular to an axial direction (D0), and comprising a regulating member (30) comprising a regulating member with a balance (1) arranged to pivot around a pendulum axis (D1), characterized in that : - target walking values are defined according to at least each of the six standard chronometric positions; - The chronometric properties of said watch (1000) are measured at least according to the six standardized positions; - said regulating member (30) is modified to give said pendulum axis (D1) an oblique or perpendicular orientation relative to said axial direction (D0), a new measurement of the chronometric properties of said watch (1000) is carried out at least according to the six normalized positions, and the measured running values are compared with said target values; - The modification of said regulating member (30) is stopped as soon as said measured walking values are lower than said target values. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that , after said new measurement, said measured walking values are greater than said target values, said regulating member (30) is further modified, by replacing the pivots of said balance wheel (1) with magnetic pivots , and / or by inserting said pendulum (1) into a cage (11) arranged to pivot about a cage axis (DC), and which comprises a device for canceling the step deviation in the vertical positions (10 ), consisting of a whirlpool or a carousel, which is incorporated into said regulating member (30). Method according to claim 15, characterized in that , when said regulating member (30) is modified by inserting said pendulum (1) in a cage (11), said cage (11) is fitted with magnets (3, 5) constituting magnetic pivots and defining said balance axis (D1) perpendicular or oblique with respect to said cage axis (DC). A method according to claim 15, characterized in that , when said regulating member (30) is modified by replacing the pivots of said balance (1) with magnetic pivots, a modification of the exhaust line is further effected by incorporating a or several square or oblique references, between the anchor and the balance plate and / or between the anchor and the escape wheel and / or between the escape wheel and the second fixed wheel.

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