EP3312681B1 - Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque - Google Patents

Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3312681B1
EP3312681B1 EP16194627.2A EP16194627A EP3312681B1 EP 3312681 B1 EP3312681 B1 EP 3312681B1 EP 16194627 A EP16194627 A EP 16194627A EP 3312681 B1 EP3312681 B1 EP 3312681B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
magnetic
timepiece movement
cam
movement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16194627.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3312681A1 (en
Inventor
Benoît LÉGERET
Davide Sarchi
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Montres Breguet SA
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Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Priority to EP16194627.2A priority Critical patent/EP3312681B1/en
Priority to US15/686,463 priority patent/US10474109B2/en
Priority to JP2017173847A priority patent/JP6381757B2/en
Priority to CN201710971750.7A priority patent/CN107966893B/en
Publication of EP3312681A1 publication Critical patent/EP3312681A1/en
Priority to HK18112133.3A priority patent/HK1252772A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3312681B1 publication Critical patent/EP3312681B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/18—Constructions for connecting the ends of the mainsprings with the barrel or the arbor
    • G04B1/20—Protecting arrangements against rupture or overwinding of the mainspring located in the barrel or attached to the barrel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/22—Compensation of changes in the motive power of the mainspring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a timepiece movement comprising a mechanism and a barrel provided for driving the mechanism via a kinematic link arranged to exert a driving torque on the mechanism, the barrel comprising a drum and a motor spring arranged in the drum so as to exert on the mechanism a motor torque which varies according to the degree of winding of the motor spring.
  • the watch movement also comprises an equalization device kinematically connected to the barrel so as to be able to be driven by this barrel and to be able to exert an auxiliary torque which is added to said driving torque to form together said driving torque.
  • the auxiliary torque is designed to vary as a function of the degree of winding of the mainspring so as to oppose variations in the engine torque, and thus to substantially equalize the drive torque.
  • Watchmaking movements are already known which include an equalization device and which correspond to the above definition, in particular devices with rockets used to compensate for the variation in the torque supplied by a barrel.
  • a particular watch movement equipped with a rocket device is disclosed in the document EP 2,735,919 A1 .
  • This watch movement is particular in that the rocket here is substantially planar, this rocket being produced by a spiral groove engraved in a disc.
  • a wire is stretched between the barrel and the rocket, a fixed guide provided with a winding roller used to make the wire penetrate into the groove starting from the outside of the disc in the direction of its center.
  • An object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the invention achieves this object by providing a timepiece movement according to claim 1 appended hereto.
  • the formulation according to which the variation of the auxiliary torque is opposed to the variation of the motor torque, in a useful range of the degree of winding of the mainspring, amounts to saying that the derivative of the auxiliary torque compared to the degree of winding is of opposite sign to the derivative of the motor torque with respect to the degree of winding. It also follows that the derivative of the auxiliary torque with respect to time is of opposite sign to the derivative of the engine torque with respect to time.
  • the equalization device comprises a first magnetic element and a second magnetic element which are arranged so as to exert on each other a variable magnetic force as a function of their relative position, respectively of the degree of winding of the mainspring.
  • the auxiliary torque produced by the equalization device is generated by this variable magnetic force.
  • at least one of said first and second magnetic elements comprises a permanent magnet.
  • these two magnetic elements are formed respectively by a bipolar permanent magnet and a cam made of material with high magnetic permeability.
  • a magnetic element including at least one physical parameter (radial / lateral or axial as the case may be), active in the magnetic interaction considered between the cam and another magnetic element with which it is associated, varies so as to generate with this other magnetic element a magnetic force between them, in the direction of a relative movement between the cam and the other magnetic element, the intensity of which varies as a function of this relative movement.
  • the physical parameter in question may be a parameter specific to the cam, for example the intensity of a magnetic flux supplied by a magnetized material forming the cam, or relative to the other magnetic element, in particular the distance between them.
  • the equalization device has several advantages. In particular, it forms a contactless system so that the variable auxiliary torque it provides is generated without friction. Furthermore, it is known that the magnetic forces which are caused by permanent magnets are conservative forces which derive from a magnetic potential. Thus, the auxiliary torque supplied by the equalization device also derives from a magnetic potential, so that the energy dissipated by the equalization device of the invention during a complete winding cycle - disarming of the mainspring can theoretically be zero. We will thus easily appreciate the advantage conferred by such an equalization device if we keep in mind that, especially in a device of the 'stackfreed' type, the energy supplied for the auxiliary torque is completely dissipated.
  • the Figures 1A and 1B respectively illustrate two alternative arrangements of the magnetic system, formed of first and second magnetic elements, of an equalization device according to the invention.
  • the first and second magnetic elements are respectively a magnetic cam and a bipolar magnet.
  • the cam is flat and it is made of a magnetic material (for example NdFeB, SmCo or PtCo to form a second permanent magnet or by a ferromagnetic material).
  • the cam 3A, respectively 3B is arranged to rotate about an axis 5 which is perpendicular to the general plane of the cam.
  • the bipolar magnet is mounted here fixed opposite the cam, with its North-South axis oriented substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation 5.
  • the bipolar magnet 7 is arranged in the same plane as the cam 3A, respectively 3B.
  • the cam is formed either by a magnet with a substantially radial magnetization, in the same direction as that of the bipolar magnet so that the magnetic interaction is in attraction, either by a material with high magnetic permeability which also generates a magnetic interaction in attraction with the bipolar magnet.
  • the shape of the cam 3A, respectively 3B is in a spiral shape, the contour opposite the fixed bipolar magnet (external contour also called 'edge' below) of this cam being in a spiral (this is i.e.
  • the two configurations illustrated schematically in the Figures 1A and 1B are distinguished by the direction of inclination of the edge of the cam, in other words by the direction of the spiral defined by this edge. Indeed, we can see that in the figure 1A , the distance between the edge of the cam 3A and the magnet 7 gradually increases when it rotates counterclockwise, while in the figure 1B conversely, the distance between the edge of the cam 3B and the magnet 7 gradually decreases when the cam is rotated counterclockwise also. Then, the magnetic attraction force varies in intensity. Referring first to the figure 1A , it can be seen that the distance between the edge of the cam and the magnet increases progressively during the aforementioned rotation.
  • the increase in distance is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the intensity of the tangential magnetic force exerted on the cam 3A by the magnet 7.
  • a variation in complementary intensity can be generated by an angular variation in the intensity of the magnetic flux generated by the cam. This increases the tangential / angular magnetic force which generates the auxiliary torque of the equalization device.
  • the decrease in the distance between the magnet and the cam is accompanied by a concomitant increase in the intensity of the magnetic force.
  • the figure 1A further shows that the tangential component Ft of the magnetic force is opposite to the direction of rotation of the cam 3A. Conversely, in the figure 1B , the orientation of the tangential component corresponds to the direction of rotation of the cam 3B.
  • the configuration of the figure 1A generates a force which opposes the rotation of the cam and whose intensity decreases with rotation
  • the configuration of the figure 1B generates a force which is combined with the rotation of the cam and whose intensity increases with rotation.
  • the configuration of the figure 1A generates a torque in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of the cam
  • the configuration of the figure 1B generates a torque in the same direction as that of the rotation of the cam.
  • the arrangement of the magnetic equalization device does not necessarily include a radial type magnetic system, as illustrated in the Figures 1A and 1B .
  • the arrangement of the cam-magnet assembly can form a magnetic system of the axial type.
  • the second magnetic element (the bipolar magnet) is not arranged in the same plane as the cam, but above or below this cam, so that the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam generates a force, the result of which has a main component which is parallel to the axis of rotation of this last.
  • an arrangement of the radial type or of the axial type is not always accompanied by a radial, respectively axial magnetization of the elements of the magnetic assembly.
  • the magnetization axis of the cam when the latter is formed by a magnet, can be axial. The same goes for the magnet associated with the cam.
  • the figure 2 is a partial plan view of a watch movement according to a first particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the partial view only illustrates the components of the movement which are essential for understanding the invention.
  • the other components, in particular the gear train and the winding mechanism may be conventional and are not illustrated.
  • the movement illustrated in the figure 2 comprises a barrel 11 which comprises a pinion 13 mounted on the barrel shaft.
  • the pinion 13 rotates clockwise when the barrel spring (not shown) disarms by driving at least one movement mechanism.
  • the pinion 13 drives an auxiliary reduction gear train comprising first of all a first mobile formed by a wheel 15 and a pinion 17.
  • the wheel 15 is arranged to mesh with the pinion 13 of the barrel, and the pinion 17 is arranged to mesh with a wheel 19.
  • the wheel 19 carries a bipolar magnet 107 mounted on its board in an eccentric position with a radial magnetic orientation.
  • a magnetic spiral cam 103 is fixedly arranged opposite the wheel 19, concentrically with the latter.
  • the stops 21 and 23 are preferably made of a non-magnetic material and are arranged in on either side of the discontinuity 22 of the edge of the cam so that the magnet 107 never passes opposite this discontinuity.
  • the gear ratio of the gear train which has just been described is a function of the number of turns that the barrel performs between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state. Indeed, this ratio must be greater than the number of revolutions of the barrel so that the pivot angle of the magnet 107, which is integral with the wheel 19, is always less than 360 °. In other words, it is provided that the wheel 19, carrying the first magnetic element or the second magnetic element, performs less than one turn when the barrel makes several turns between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state. In the example illustrated, the barrel shaft makes seven turns to change the barrel spring from the fully cocked state to the fully disarmed state, or vice versa. On the other hand, the transmission ratio of the gear train is 8.4.
  • the wheel 19 makes a little less than 5/6 of a clockwise rotation during the running of the watch.
  • the two stops 21 and 23 which determine the two extreme angular positions of the wheel 19 by stopping the magnet 107 when it reaches one or the other of the ends of its travel.
  • the wheel 19 rotates in the same direction as the barrel pinion 13. Under these conditions, the wheel 19 and the magnet 107 rotate clockwise when the barrel spring (not shown) disarms by causing movement. As the variable radius of the cam 103 increases counterclockwise, there is a tangential component Ft of the magnetic attraction force between the magnet 107 and the cam 103, which acts on the movable magnet 107 in the counterclockwise direction . Thus, when the barrel spring discharges and the wheel 19 therefore rotates clockwise, a magnetic force opposes this rotation. In addition, the intensity of the magnetic force decreases as the spring disarms.
  • the equalization device which has just been described provides an auxiliary magnetic torque which is opposite to the engine torque and the magnitude of which decreases in parallel with the magnitude of the engine torque when the barrel spring disarms.
  • the equalization device could just as easily provide an auxiliary magnetic torque which reinforces the engine torque, and the magnitude of which increases as that of the engine torque decreases when the barrel spring disarms.
  • the timepiece movement barrel is arranged to drive a timepiece mechanism by means of a kinematic link providing engine torque to the mechanism.
  • the kinematic link arranged to drive the watch mechanism generally comprises a multiplier train (for example, the driven watch mechanism is a Swiss lever escapement and the multiplier train forms the finishing train of the watch movement).
  • the gear train (not shown) is driven directly by the barrel pinion 13. In this case, it will be said that the gear train is arranged in parallel with the equalization device (as with a 'stackfreed 'classic).
  • a mechanism is driven by the barrel via the equalization device. In this case, at least part of the auxiliary train of the equalization device forms the kinematic connection between the barrel and the mechanism.
  • the drum of the barrel 11 does not have any external toothing. This is what which is called a smooth barrel.
  • the present invention requires that the equalization device be wedged angularly on the barrel.
  • the two limit angles, defined by the stops 21 and 23 for the angular travel of the wheel 19, must correspond to the states of "fully armed” and “completely disarmed” of the barrel spring, respectively.
  • the bipolar magnet is fixed relative to the barrel support (plate)
  • the mechanism drive and the reassembly of the barrel are both exerted via the barrel pinion 13, which is also coupled to the equalization device.
  • the winding can be carried out by means of a winding crown and / or an oscillating weight.
  • the winding mechanism can drive either directly with the barrel pinion 13, or with another gear element downstream of the barrel pinion.
  • the bipolar magnet is integral in rotation with the barrel shaft, the reassembly and disarming of the barrel can be carried out respectively via the shaft and the barrel drum, or vice versa.
  • the equalization device which has just been described can be used jointly with a device for indicating the power reserve.
  • a needle is mounted on an axis of the wheel 19.
  • a lever is associated with the cam 103. This lever defines a cam follower and is arranged to bear against the lateral surface of the cam 103.
  • the power reserve indicator may be integral with the lever or be formed by a separate member actuated by this lever.
  • Partial views of figures 3 to 5 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention corresponding to a minute repeater watch movement.
  • the minute repeater is a striking mechanism that is driven by a dedicated barrel.
  • the striking mechanism works thanks to hammers which, when activated, strike the stamp springs repeatedly.
  • a peculiarity of this kind of mechanism is that the speed at which the bell is executed depends on the magnitude of the drive torque received from the barrel.
  • a barrel (generally referenced 111).
  • the barrel shown is formed by a barrel drum 131 which serves as a housing for a spring 133, a barrel cover 135 (shown in the figure 5 ) which closes the box formed by the drum, and a barrel shaft 137 which passes through the barrel and which is pivoted at its ends between the plate and a bridge (not shown).
  • the barrel shaft 137 is integral with a toothed mobile comprising a pinion 113 and a wheel 139.
  • the figures 3 and 4 still show a winding rake 141 and a one-way train 143.
  • One-way trains are devices known as such.
  • the gear train 143 comprises an input wheel 145 which meshes with the rake 141 and an output wheel 147 (visible in the figure 3 ) which meshes with the barrel pinion 113.
  • the toothed wheels 145 and 147 are coaxial and can pivot relative to each other.
  • One of these two wheels carries a coaxial ratchet (not shown) which is sandwiched between the input wheel and the output wheel.
  • a pawl (not shown) is pivoted on the wheel plank which faces the ratchet.
  • This ratchet is recalled against the periphery of the ratchet by a spring (not shown).
  • the pawl is arranged to cooperate with a tooth of the ratchet when the input wheel rotates counterclockwise and to slide against the ratchet when the input wheel rotates clockwise.
  • the barrel 111 is arranged to drive the striking gear (not shown) via the toothing of the wheel 139.
  • the wheel 139 is integral with the barrel shaft 137. It will be understood that when the spring barrel gradually disarms, the barrel shaft drives the wheel 139 counterclockwise by transmitting to it a variable motor torque depending on the degree of winding of the barrel spring. In addition, as the torque which drives the striking mechanism is variable depending on the degree of winding of the barrel, the speed at which the striking is carried out also depends on the degree of winding of the barrel spring. It will be noted that the wheel 139 performs less than one revolution between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state.
  • the magnet 207 is arranged on the wheel 139 so that it does not cross the discontinuity of the edge of the cam when the barrel disarms between the two aforementioned extreme states.
  • the barrel is reassembled using the rake 141.
  • the wearer of the watch can actuate the rake manually using a pusher (not shown) or a lock (not shown) which is located on the watch case.
  • the watch wearer actuates the rake, the latter rotates by driving the input wheel 145 of the one-way gear 143 counterclockwise.
  • the output wheel of the one-way train is driven by the input wheel and it itself drives the barrel pinion 113 which thus makes a little less than one turn clockwise, causing the winding of the spring. barrel 133.
  • a spring recalls the rake in the opposite direction to that of the arrow on the figure 4 .
  • the rake return stroke has the effect of driving the input wheel 145 of the one-way train clockwise. Since the one-way train does not transmit clockwise rotation, the barrel shaft is not driven in the opposite direction.
  • the figure 5 is a partial perspective view from below of the second embodiment which is also the subject of figures 3 and 4 .
  • some parts, including the rake and the wheel 139, have been omitted so as to reveal the two magnetic elements of the equalization device according to the invention.
  • these two magnetic elements are respectively a magnetic cam 203 and a bipolar cylindrical magnet 207.
  • the cam 203 is arranged concentrically with the barrel shaft and it is fixed to the barrel cover 135.
  • the bipolar magnet 207 for its part, is mounted on the plate of the wheel 139 at a distance from the axis of rotation to be arranged opposite the cam.
  • the magnet preferably has an axial magnetization direction (parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel). It will be understood that, under these conditions, the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam has a main direction which is essentially axial. It will therefore be said that the arrangement of the equalization device is here of the axial type, which has the advantage of being generally more compact than a device of the radial type.
  • the magnet 207 which is integral with the wheel 139, rotates in the same direction as the barrel shaft 137. Under these conditions, the magnet 207 rotates in the counterclockwise relative to the cam when the barrel spring 133 disarms causing the bell to ring. As the figure 5 , the radial width of the cam 203 increases as it travels counterclockwise. Under these conditions, the intensity of the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam increases with the disarming of the barrel spring. The resulting magnetic potential generates a tangential force on the magnet.
  • the equalization device which has just been described provides an auxiliary torque which is exerted on the barrel shaft in the same direction as the engine torque and which increases as the engine torque decreases.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
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Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne un mouvement horloger comprenant un mécanisme et un barillet prévu pour entraîner le mécanisme par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison cinématique agencée pour exercer un couple d'entraînement sur le mécanisme, le barillet comportant un tambour et un ressort-moteur agencé dans le tambour de manière à exercer sur le mécanisme un couple moteur qui varie en fonction du degré d'armage du ressort-moteur. Le mouvement horloger comprend en outre un dispositif d'égalisation relié cinématiquement au barillet de façon à pouvoir être entraîné par ce barillet et à pouvoir exercer un couple auxiliaire qui vient s'additionner audit couple moteur pour former ensemble ledit couple d'entraînement. Le couple auxiliaire est prévu pour varier en fonction du degré d'armage du ressort-moteur de manière à s'opposer aux variations du couple moteur, et ainsi à sensiblement égaliser le couple d'entraînement.The present invention relates to a timepiece movement comprising a mechanism and a barrel provided for driving the mechanism via a kinematic link arranged to exert a driving torque on the mechanism, the barrel comprising a drum and a motor spring arranged in the drum so as to exert on the mechanism a motor torque which varies according to the degree of winding of the motor spring. The watch movement also comprises an equalization device kinematically connected to the barrel so as to be able to be driven by this barrel and to be able to exert an auxiliary torque which is added to said driving torque to form together said driving torque. The auxiliary torque is designed to vary as a function of the degree of winding of the mainspring so as to oppose variations in the engine torque, and thus to substantially equalize the drive torque.

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

On connait déjà des mouvements horlogers qui comportent un dispositif d'égalisation et qui correspondent à la définition ci-dessus, notamment des dispositifs avec des fusées servant à compenser la variation du couple fourni par un barillet. Un mouvement horloger particulier équipé d'un dispositif à fusée est divulgué dans le document EP 2 735 919 A1 . Ce mouvement horloger est particulier par le fait que la fusée est ici sensiblement plane, cette fusée étant réalisée par une rainure en spirale gravée dans un disque. Un fil est tendu entre le barillet et la fusée, un guide fixe muni d'un galet enrouleur servant à faire pénétrer le fil dans la rainure en partant depuis l'extérieur du disque en direction de son centre.Watchmaking movements are already known which include an equalization device and which correspond to the above definition, in particular devices with rockets used to compensate for the variation in the torque supplied by a barrel. A particular watch movement equipped with a rocket device is disclosed in the document EP 2,735,919 A1 . This watch movement is particular in that the rocket here is substantially planar, this rocket being produced by a spiral groove engraved in a disc. A wire is stretched between the barrel and the rocket, a fixed guide provided with a winding roller used to make the wire penetrate into the groove starting from the outside of the disc in the direction of its center.

On connaît aussi le 'stackfreed', en particulier un dispositif d'égalisation qui a été utilisé en Allemagne au XVIe et au XVIIe siècle, pour compenser les variations d'armage du ressort d'un mouvement horloger. Il s'agit en fait d'un dispositif de freinage qui se compose d'un ressort-lame portant à son extrémité un galet. Ce dernier appuie sur le flanc d'une came plate en spirale, nommé aussi par la suite en colimaçon, qui est reliée cinématiquement au barillet. Lorsque le ressort-moteur est complètement armé, le ressort-lame presse fortement le galet contre la partie la plus saillante du colimaçon, et lorsque le ressort-moteur est moins armé, le ressort-lame presse plus faiblement le galet contre la partie la moins saillante. Comme la force de frottement est approximativement proportionnelle à la pression exercée, sa variation s'oppose aux variations du couple moteur. En ajustant correctement le profil de la came, il est en principe possible de rendre la force motrice à peu près constante. Un gros inconvénient du 'stackfreed' est que l'énorme frottement engendré absorbe une fraction considérable de la force motrice. Un autre inconvénient est que les ressorts-lames, comme la plupart des autres moyens de rappel connus, sont sujets au vieillissement et perdent progressivement en élasticité. D'autre part, les frottements intenses entraînent une usure accélérée des composants. Finalement, on sait bien que les composants horlogers ont généralement de très petites dimensions. Dans ces conditions, le fait que les ressorts sont en général assez sensibles aux tolérances constitue un problème supplémentaire.We also know the 'stackfreed', in particular a screed assembly that has been used in Germany in the sixteenth and the seventeenth century, to compensate for variations in winding of the spring of a timepiece movement. It is in fact a braking device which consists of a leaf spring carrying at its end a roller. The latter presses against the side of a spiral flat cam, also called a spiral, which is kinematically connected to the barrel. When the motor spring is fully armed, the leaf spring strongly presses the roller against the most protruding part of the spiral, and when the motor spring is less armed, the leaf spring presses the roller more lightly against the lesser part protruding. As the friction force is approximately proportional to the pressure exerted, its variation is opposed to the variations of the engine torque. By correctly adjusting the profile of the cam, it is in principle possible to make the driving force more or less constant. A big disadvantage of the stackfreed is that the enormous friction generated absorbs a considerable fraction of the driving force. Another drawback is that the leaf springs, like most of the other known return means, are subject to aging and gradually lose elasticity. On the other hand, intense friction leads to accelerated wear of the components. Finally, it is well known that watch components generally have very small dimensions. Under these conditions, the fact that the springs are generally fairly sensitive to tolerances constitutes an additional problem.

BREF EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Un but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients susmentionnés de l'art antérieur. L'invention atteint ce but en fournissant un mouvement horloger conforme à la revendication 1 annexée.An object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art. The invention achieves this object by providing a timepiece movement according to claim 1 appended hereto.

La formulation selon laquelle la variation du couple auxiliaire s'oppose à la variation du couple moteur, dans une plage utile du degré d'armage du ressort-moteur, revient à dire que la dérivée du couple auxiliaire par rapport au degré d'armage est de signe opposé à la dérivée du couple moteur par rapport au degré d'armage. Il en découle en outre que la dérivée du couple auxiliaire par rapport au temps est de signe opposé à la dérivée du couple moteur par rapport au temps.The formulation according to which the variation of the auxiliary torque is opposed to the variation of the motor torque, in a useful range of the degree of winding of the mainspring, amounts to saying that the derivative of the auxiliary torque compared to the degree of winding is of opposite sign to the derivative of the motor torque with respect to the degree of winding. It also follows that the derivative of the auxiliary torque with respect to time is of opposite sign to the derivative of the engine torque with respect to time.

Le dispositif d'égalisation selon l'invention comprend un premier élément magnétique et un deuxième élément magnétique qui sont agencés de manière à exercer l'un sur l'autre une force magnétique variable en fonction de leur position relative, respectivement du degré d'armage du ressort-moteur. Le couple auxiliaire produit par le dispositif d'égalisation est engendré par cette force magnétique variable. Dans un mode de réalisation principal, au moins l'un desdits premier et deuxième éléments magnétiques comprend un aimant permanent. Dans une variante avantageuse, ces deux éléments magnétiques sont formés respectivement par un aimant permanent bipolaire et une came en matériau à haute perméabilité magnétique. De manière générale, par came magnétique, on comprend un élément magnétique dont au moins un paramètre physique (radial / latéral ou axial selon le cas), actif dans l'interaction magnétique considérée entre la came et un autre élément magnétique auquel il est associé, varie de manière à engendrer avec cet autre élément magnétique une force magnétique entre eux, selon la direction d'un déplacement relatif entre la came et l'autre élément magnétique, dont l'intensité varie en fonction de ce déplacement relatif. On remarquera que le paramètre physique en question peut être un paramètre propre à la came, par exemple l'intensité d'un flux magnétique fourni par une matière aimantée formant la came, ou relatif à l'autre élément magnétique, en particulier la distance entre eux.The equalization device according to the invention comprises a first magnetic element and a second magnetic element which are arranged so as to exert on each other a variable magnetic force as a function of their relative position, respectively of the degree of winding of the mainspring. The auxiliary torque produced by the equalization device is generated by this variable magnetic force. In a main embodiment, at least one of said first and second magnetic elements comprises a permanent magnet. In an advantageous variant, these two magnetic elements are formed respectively by a bipolar permanent magnet and a cam made of material with high magnetic permeability. In general, by magnetic cam, we understand a magnetic element including at least one physical parameter (radial / lateral or axial as the case may be), active in the magnetic interaction considered between the cam and another magnetic element with which it is associated, varies so as to generate with this other magnetic element a magnetic force between them, in the direction of a relative movement between the cam and the other magnetic element, the intensity of which varies as a function of this relative movement. It will be noted that the physical parameter in question may be a parameter specific to the cam, for example the intensity of a magnetic flux supplied by a magnetized material forming the cam, or relative to the other magnetic element, in particular the distance between them.

Le dispositif d'égalisation selon l'invention présente plusieurs avantages. En particulier, il forme un système sans contact de sorte que le couple auxiliaire variable qu'il fournit est engendré sans frottement. De plus, on sait que les forces magnétiques qui sont causées par des aimants permanents sont des forces conservatives qui dérivent d'un potentiel magnétique. Ainsi, le couple auxiliaire fourni par le dispositif d'égalisation dérive également d'un potentiel magnétique, de sorte que l'énergie dissipée par le dispositif d'égalisation de l'invention durant un cycle complet d'armage - désarmage du ressort-moteur peut théoriquement être nulle. On appréciera ainsi sans peine l'avantage conféré par un tel dispositif d'égalisation si on garde à l'esprit que, notamment dans un dispositif du type 'stackfreed', l'énergie fournie pour le couple auxiliaire est intégralement dissipée.The equalization device according to the invention has several advantages. In particular, it forms a contactless system so that the variable auxiliary torque it provides is generated without friction. Furthermore, it is known that the magnetic forces which are caused by permanent magnets are conservative forces which derive from a magnetic potential. Thus, the auxiliary torque supplied by the equalization device also derives from a magnetic potential, so that the energy dissipated by the equalization device of the invention during a complete winding cycle - disarming of the mainspring can theoretically be zero. We will thus easily appreciate the advantage conferred by such an equalization device if we keep in mind that, especially in a device of the 'stackfreed' type, the energy supplied for the auxiliary torque is completely dissipated.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1A et 1B sont deux schémas de principes illustrant respectivement deux configurations alternatives de la même came magnétique utilisable dans le dispositif d'égalisation d'un mouvement horloger conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en plan d'un mouvement horloger conforme à un premier mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ; la vue partielle montrant le barillet et le dispositif d'égalisation ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle en perspective de côté d'un mouvement horloger conforme à un deuxième mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ; la vue partielle montrant le barillet et une partie du dispositif d'égalisation ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective depuis dessous du mouvement horloger de la figure 3; la vue partielle montrant le barillet et une partie du dispositif d'égalisation ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective depuis dessous du barillet et du dispositif d'égalisation des figures 3 et 4; certaines pièces ayant été omises de manière à permettre de montrer la came magnétique et l'aimant.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1A and 1B are two diagrams of principles respectively illustrating two alternative configurations of the same magnetic cam usable in the device for equalizing a watch movement according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a partial plan view of a timepiece movement according to a first particular embodiment of the invention; the partial view showing the barrel and the equalization device;
  • the figure 3 is a partial perspective view from the side of a watch movement according to a second embodiment particular of the invention; the partial view showing the barrel and part of the equalization device;
  • the figure 4 is a partial perspective view from below of the watch movement of the figure 3 ; the partial view showing the barrel and part of the equalization device;
  • the figure 5 is a partial perspective view from below of the barrel and of the device for equalizing the figures 3 and 4 ; some parts having been omitted so as to show the magnetic cam and the magnet.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE MODES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Les figures 1A et 1B illustrent respectivement deux agencements alternatifs du système magnétique, formé de premier et deuxième éléments magnétiques, d'un dispositif d'égalisation conforme à l'invention. Dans les deux agencements illustrés, les premier et deuxième éléments magnétiques sont respectivement une came magnétique et un aimant bipolaire. La came est plane et elle est réalisée en un matériau magnétique (par exemple NdFeB, SmCo ou PtCo pour former un deuxième aimant permanent ou par un matériau ferromagnétique). La came 3A, respectivement 3B est agencée pour tourner autour d'un axe 5 qui est perpendiculaire au plan général de la came. L'aimant bipolaire est monté ici fixe en regard de la came, avec son axe Nord-Sud orienté sensiblement en direction de l'axe de rotation 5.The Figures 1A and 1B respectively illustrate two alternative arrangements of the magnetic system, formed of first and second magnetic elements, of an equalization device according to the invention. In the two illustrated arrangements, the first and second magnetic elements are respectively a magnetic cam and a bipolar magnet. The cam is flat and it is made of a magnetic material (for example NdFeB, SmCo or PtCo to form a second permanent magnet or by a ferromagnetic material). The cam 3A, respectively 3B is arranged to rotate about an axis 5 which is perpendicular to the general plane of the cam. The bipolar magnet is mounted here fixed opposite the cam, with its North-South axis oriented substantially in the direction of the axis of rotation 5.

Dans les exemples des figures 1A et 1B, l'aimant bipolaire 7 est agencé dans le même plan que la came 3A, respectivement 3B. On parle ici d'un système magnétique du type radial pour l'ensemble came - aimant. Dans ces exemples, la came est formée soit par un aimant avec une aimantation sensiblement radiale, de même sens que celle de l'aimant bipolaire de sorte que l'interaction magnétique est en attraction, soit par un matériau à haute perméabilité magnétique qui engendre également une interaction magnétique en attraction avec l'aimant bipolaire. Dans les variantes représentées, la forme de la came 3A, respectivement 3B est en colimaçon, le contour en regard de l'aimant bipolaire fixe (contour externe nommé aussi 'bord' par la suite) de cette came étant en spirale (c'est-à-dire formant une spire d'une spirale géométrique), de sorte que la distance entre l'aimant fixe et la came varie lorsque cette dernière tourne autour de l'axe 5. En raison de la forme en colimaçon, le bord de la came n'est pas tout-à-fait perpendiculaire à son rayon. Il en résulte que la force d'attraction magnétique (symbolisée par la flèche référencée Fm) exercée par l'aimant sur la came n'est pas orientée purement radialement, cette force Fm possédant ainsi une composante tangentielle (symbolisée par la flèche référencée Ft).In the examples of Figures 1A and 1B , the bipolar magnet 7 is arranged in the same plane as the cam 3A, respectively 3B. We are talking here about a magnetic system of the radial type for the cam - magnet assembly. In these examples, the cam is formed either by a magnet with a substantially radial magnetization, in the same direction as that of the bipolar magnet so that the magnetic interaction is in attraction, either by a material with high magnetic permeability which also generates a magnetic interaction in attraction with the bipolar magnet. In the variants shown, the shape of the cam 3A, respectively 3B is in a spiral shape, the contour opposite the fixed bipolar magnet (external contour also called 'edge' below) of this cam being in a spiral (this is i.e. forming a turn of a geometric spiral), so that the distance between the fixed magnet and the cam varies when the latter rotates around the axis 5. Due to the spiral shape, the edge of the cam is not entirely perpendicular to its radius. As a result, the magnetic attraction force (symbolized by the arrow referenced Fm) exerted by the magnet on the cam is not oriented purely radially, this force Fm thus having a tangential component (symbolized by the arrow referenced Ft) .

Les deux configurations illustrées schématiquement dans les figures 1A et 1B se distinguent par le sens d'inclinaison du bord de la came, en d'autres termes par le sens de la spirale définie par ce bord. En effet, on peut voir que, dans la figure 1A, la distance entre le bord de la came 3A et l'aimant 7 augmente progressivement lors de sa rotation dans le sens antihoraire, alors que dans la figure 1B, à l'inverse, la distance entre le bord de la came 3B et l'aimant 7 diminue progressivement lors de la rotation de la came dans le sens antihoraire également. Ensuite, la force d'attraction magnétique varie en intensité. En se référant tout d'abord à la figure 1A, on peut voir que la distance entre le bord de la came et l'aimant augmente progressivement lors de la rotation susmentionnée. L'augmentation de la distance s'accompagne par une diminution concomitante de l'intensité de la force magnétique tangentielle exercée sur la came 3A par l'aimant 7. On notera que, dans une variante où la came est formée par un matériau aimanté, en plus de la variation d'intensité de la force magnétique due à la variation de la distance entre cette came et l'aimant fixe, une variation d'intensité complémentaire peut être engendrée par une variation angulaire de l'intensité du flux magnétique généré par la came. Ceci permet d'augmenter la force magnétique tangentielle / angulaire qui engendre le couple auxiliaire du dispositif d'égalisation. En se référant maintenant à la figure 1B, à l'inverse de la figure 1A, la diminution de la distance entre l'aimant et la came s'accompagne d'une augmentation concomitante de l'intensité de la force magnétique. La figure 1A montre en outre que la composante tangentielle Ft de la force magnétique est opposée au sens de rotation de la came 3A. A l'inverse, dans la figure 1B, l'orientation de la composante tangentielle correspond au sens de la rotation de la came 3B. En résumé, la configuration de la figure 1A engendre une force qui s'oppose à la rotation de la came et dont l'intensité diminue avec la rotation, alors que la configuration de la figure 1B engendre une force qui est alliée à la rotation de la came et dont l'intensité augmente avec la rotation. En d'autres termes, la configuration de la figure 1A engendre un couple de sens contraire à celui de la rotation de la came, alors que la configuration de la figure 1B engendre un couple de même sens que celui de la rotation de la came.The two configurations illustrated schematically in the Figures 1A and 1B are distinguished by the direction of inclination of the edge of the cam, in other words by the direction of the spiral defined by this edge. Indeed, we can see that in the figure 1A , the distance between the edge of the cam 3A and the magnet 7 gradually increases when it rotates counterclockwise, while in the figure 1B conversely, the distance between the edge of the cam 3B and the magnet 7 gradually decreases when the cam is rotated counterclockwise also. Then, the magnetic attraction force varies in intensity. Referring first to the figure 1A , it can be seen that the distance between the edge of the cam and the magnet increases progressively during the aforementioned rotation. The increase in distance is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the intensity of the tangential magnetic force exerted on the cam 3A by the magnet 7. It will be noted that, in a variant where the cam is formed by a magnetic material, in addition to the variation in intensity of the magnetic force due to the variation in the distance between this cam and with the fixed magnet, a variation in complementary intensity can be generated by an angular variation in the intensity of the magnetic flux generated by the cam. This increases the tangential / angular magnetic force which generates the auxiliary torque of the equalization device. Referring now to the figure 1B , unlike the figure 1A , the decrease in the distance between the magnet and the cam is accompanied by a concomitant increase in the intensity of the magnetic force. The figure 1A further shows that the tangential component Ft of the magnetic force is opposite to the direction of rotation of the cam 3A. Conversely, in the figure 1B , the orientation of the tangential component corresponds to the direction of rotation of the cam 3B. In summary, the configuration of the figure 1A generates a force which opposes the rotation of the cam and whose intensity decreases with rotation, while the configuration of the figure 1B generates a force which is combined with the rotation of the cam and whose intensity increases with rotation. In other words, the configuration of the figure 1A generates a torque in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of the cam, while the configuration of the figure 1B generates a torque in the same direction as that of the rotation of the cam.

L'agencement du dispositif d'égalisation magnétique ne comprend pas nécessairement un système magnétique de type radial, comme illustré dans les figures 1A et 1B. En effet, comme on le verra plus en détail avec le deuxième mode de réalisation qui sera décrit plus loin en référence aux figures 3 à 5, l'agencement de l'ensemble came-aimant peut former un système magnétique de type axial. Dans ce cas, le deuxième élément magnétique (l'aimant bipolaire) n'est pas agencé dans le même plan que la came, mais en-dessus ou en-dessous de cette came, de sorte que l'interaction magnétique entre l'aimant et la came engendre une force dont la résultante a une composante principale qui est parallèle à l'axe de rotation de cette dernière. On remarquera qu'un agencement de type radial ou de type axial ne s'accompagne pas toujours d'une aimantation radiale, respectivement axiale des éléments de l'ensemble magnétique. En effet, en particulier dans un système magnétique du type radial, l'axe d'aimantation de la came, lorsque cette dernière est formée par un aimant, peut être axial. Il en va de même pour l'aimant associé à la came.The arrangement of the magnetic equalization device does not necessarily include a radial type magnetic system, as illustrated in the Figures 1A and 1B . Indeed, as will be seen in more detail with the second embodiment which will be described later with reference to figures 3 to 5 , the arrangement of the cam-magnet assembly can form a magnetic system of the axial type. In this case, the second magnetic element (the bipolar magnet) is not arranged in the same plane as the cam, but above or below this cam, so that the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam generates a force, the result of which has a main component which is parallel to the axis of rotation of this last. It will be noted that an arrangement of the radial type or of the axial type is not always accompanied by a radial, respectively axial magnetization of the elements of the magnetic assembly. Indeed, in particular in a radial type magnetic system, the magnetization axis of the cam, when the latter is formed by a magnet, can be axial. The same goes for the magnet associated with the cam.

La figure 2 est une vue partielle en plan d'un mouvement horloger conforme à un premier mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention. La vue partielle illustre uniquement les composants du mouvement qui sont indispensables à la compréhension de l'invention. Les autres composants, notamment le rouage de finissage et le mécanisme de remontage peuvent être conventionnels et ne sont pas illustrés.The figure 2 is a partial plan view of a watch movement according to a first particular embodiment of the invention. The partial view only illustrates the components of the movement which are essential for understanding the invention. The other components, in particular the gear train and the winding mechanism may be conventional and are not illustrated.

Le mouvement illustré dans la figure 2 comprend un barillet 11 qui comporte un pignon 13 monté sur l'arbre du barillet. Le pignon 13 tourne dans le sens horaire lorsque le ressort de barillet (non représenté) se désarme en entraînant au moins un mécanisme du mouvement. Comme le montre cette figure, le pignon 13 entraîne un rouage démultiplicateur auxiliaire comprenant tout d'abord un premier mobile formé d'une roue 15 et d'un pignon 17. La roue 15 est agencée pour engrener avec le pignon 13 du barillet, et le pignon 17 est agencé pour engrener avec une roue 19. La roue 19 porte un aimant bipolaire 107 monté sur sa planche en position excentrée avec une orientation magnétique radiale. Une came magnétique 103 en colimaçon est agencée fixement en regard de la roue 19, concentriquement à cette dernière. Il est en outre prévu deux butés radiales 21 et 23 qui sont solidaires de la came magnétique 103. Les butées 21 et 23 sont de préférence réalisées en un matériau amagnétique et sont agencées de part et d'autre de la discontinuité 22 du bord de la came de manière que l'aimant 107 ne passe jamais en regard de cette discontinuité.The movement illustrated in the figure 2 comprises a barrel 11 which comprises a pinion 13 mounted on the barrel shaft. The pinion 13 rotates clockwise when the barrel spring (not shown) disarms by driving at least one movement mechanism. As shown in this figure, the pinion 13 drives an auxiliary reduction gear train comprising first of all a first mobile formed by a wheel 15 and a pinion 17. The wheel 15 is arranged to mesh with the pinion 13 of the barrel, and the pinion 17 is arranged to mesh with a wheel 19. The wheel 19 carries a bipolar magnet 107 mounted on its board in an eccentric position with a radial magnetic orientation. A magnetic spiral cam 103 is fixedly arranged opposite the wheel 19, concentrically with the latter. There are further provided two radial stops 21 and 23 which are integral with the magnetic cam 103. The stops 21 and 23 are preferably made of a non-magnetic material and are arranged in on either side of the discontinuity 22 of the edge of the cam so that the magnet 107 never passes opposite this discontinuity.

Le rapport d'engrenage du rouage démultiplicateur qui vient d'être décrit est fonction du nombre de tours qu'effectue le barillet entre son état complètement armé et son état complètement désarmé. En effet, ce rapport doit être supérieur au nombre de tours du barillet de manière à ce que l'angle de pivotement de l'aimant 107, qui est solidaire de la roue 19, soit toujours inférieur à 360°. En d'autres termes, il est prévu que la roue 19, portant le premier élément magnétique ou le deuxième élément magnétique, effectue moins d'un tour lorsque le barillet effectue plusieurs tours entre son état complètement armé et son état complètement désarmé. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'arbre de barillet effectue sept tours pour faire passer le ressort de barillet de l'état complètement armé à l'état complètement désarmé, ou inversement. D'autre part, le rapport de transmission du rouage démultiplicateur est de 8,4. Dans ces conditions, la roue 19 effectue un peu moins que 5/6 de tour dans le sens horaire durant la marche de la montre. Ce sont les deux butées 21 et 23 qui déterminent les deux positions angulaires extrêmes de la roue 19 en arrêtant l'aimant 107 lorsqu'il atteint l'une ou l'autre des extrémités de sa course.The gear ratio of the gear train which has just been described is a function of the number of turns that the barrel performs between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state. Indeed, this ratio must be greater than the number of revolutions of the barrel so that the pivot angle of the magnet 107, which is integral with the wheel 19, is always less than 360 °. In other words, it is provided that the wheel 19, carrying the first magnetic element or the second magnetic element, performs less than one turn when the barrel makes several turns between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state. In the example illustrated, the barrel shaft makes seven turns to change the barrel spring from the fully cocked state to the fully disarmed state, or vice versa. On the other hand, the transmission ratio of the gear train is 8.4. Under these conditions, the wheel 19 makes a little less than 5/6 of a clockwise rotation during the running of the watch. These are the two stops 21 and 23 which determine the two extreme angular positions of the wheel 19 by stopping the magnet 107 when it reaches one or the other of the ends of its travel.

Dans le rouage démultiplicateur auxiliaire qui vient d'être décrit, la roue 19 tourne dans le même sens que le pignon de barillet 13. Dans ces conditions, la roue 19 et l'aimant 107 tournent dans le sens horaire lorsque le ressort de barillet (non représenté) se désarme en entraînant le mouvement. Comme le rayon variable de la came 103 croît dans le sens antihoraire, Il y a une composante tangentielle Ft de la force d'attraction magnétique entre l'aimant 107 et la came 103, laquelle agit sur l'aimant mobile 107 dans le sens antihoraire. Ainsi, lorsque le ressort de barillet se décharge et que la roue 19 tourne donc dans le sens horaire, une force magnétique s'oppose à cette rotation. De plus, l'intensité de la force magnétique diminue à mesure que le ressort se désarme. On comprendra que le dispositif d'égalisation qui vient d'être décrit fournit un couple magnétique auxiliaire qui est opposé au couple moteur et dont la grandeur diminue parallèlement à la grandeur du couple moteur lorsque le ressort de barillet se désarme. Conformément à ce qui a été expliqué en relation avec les figures 1A et 1B, on comprendra en outre que, selon une variante alternative du premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'égalisation pourrait tout aussi bien fournir un couple magnétique auxiliaire qui renforce le couple moteur, et dont la grandeur augmente à mesure que celle du couple moteur diminue lorsque le ressort de barillet se désarme.In the auxiliary reduction gear train which has just been described, the wheel 19 rotates in the same direction as the barrel pinion 13. Under these conditions, the wheel 19 and the magnet 107 rotate clockwise when the barrel spring ( not shown) disarms by causing movement. As the variable radius of the cam 103 increases counterclockwise, there is a tangential component Ft of the magnetic attraction force between the magnet 107 and the cam 103, which acts on the movable magnet 107 in the counterclockwise direction . Thus, when the barrel spring discharges and the wheel 19 therefore rotates clockwise, a magnetic force opposes this rotation. In addition, the intensity of the magnetic force decreases as the spring disarms. It will be understood that the equalization device which has just been described provides an auxiliary magnetic torque which is opposite to the engine torque and the magnitude of which decreases in parallel with the magnitude of the engine torque when the barrel spring disarms. In accordance with what has been explained in relation to Figures 1A and 1B , it will further be understood that, according to an alternative variant of the first embodiment, the equalization device could just as easily provide an auxiliary magnetic torque which reinforces the engine torque, and the magnitude of which increases as that of the engine torque decreases when the barrel spring disarms.

Conformément à l'invention, le barillet du mouvement horloger est agencé pour entraîner un mécanisme horloger par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison cinématique fournissant un couple moteur au mécanisme. Dans le cas d'un mouvement horloger, la liaison cinématique agencée pour entraîner le mécanisme horloger comporte généralement un rouage multiplicateur (à titre d'exemple, le mécanisme horloger entraîné est un échappement à ancre suisse et le rouage multiplicateur forme le rouage de finissage du mouvement horloger). Selon une première variante, le rouage de finissage (non représenté) est entraîné directement par le pignon de barillet 13. Dans ce cas, on dira que le rouage de finissage est agencé en parallèle avec le dispositif d'égalisation (comme avec un 'stackfreed' classique). Dans une autre variante, un mécanisme est entraîné par le barillet par l'intermédiaire du dispositif d'égalisation. Dans ce cas, au moins une partie du rouage auxiliaire du dispositif d'égalisation forme la liaison cinématique entre le barillet et le mécanisme.According to the invention, the timepiece movement barrel is arranged to drive a timepiece mechanism by means of a kinematic link providing engine torque to the mechanism. In the case of a watch movement, the kinematic link arranged to drive the watch mechanism generally comprises a multiplier train (for example, the driven watch mechanism is a Swiss lever escapement and the multiplier train forms the finishing train of the watch movement). According to a first variant, the gear train (not shown) is driven directly by the barrel pinion 13. In this case, it will be said that the gear train is arranged in parallel with the equalization device (as with a 'stackfreed 'classic). In another variant, a mechanism is driven by the barrel via the equalization device. In this case, at least part of the auxiliary train of the equalization device forms the kinematic connection between the barrel and the mechanism.

En se référant encore à la figure 2, on peut voir que le tambour du barillet 11 ne comporte pas de denture extérieure. Il s'agit de ce qu'on appelle un barillet lisse. En effet, de façon semblable à ce qui est connu concernant les mouvements à fusée, la présente invention nécessite que le dispositif d'égalisation soit calé angulairement sur le barillet. Autrement dit, il faut que les deux angles limites, définis par les butées 21 et 23 pour la course angulaire de la roue 19, correspondent aux états respectivement « complètement armé » et « complètement désarmé » du ressort de barillet. Pour satisfaire à cette contrainte, dans une variante ou l'aimant bipolaire est fixe relativement au support du barillet (platine), il est prévu que le remontage et le désarmage du ressort de barillet agissent tous deux sur la même pièce mobile du barillet. Ainsi, conformément à l'exemple de la figure 2, l'entrainement du mécanisme et le remontage du barillet s'exercent tous les deux par l'intermédiaire du pignon de barillet 13, lequel est aussi couplé au dispositif d'égalisation. De manière connue en soi, le remontage peut être réalisé au moyen d'une couronne de remontage et/ou d'une masse oscillante. De plus, le mécanisme de remontage peut engrainer soit directement avec le pignon de barillet 13, soit avec un autre élément de rouage en aval du pignon de barillet. Cependant, on remarquera que, dans une autre variante ou l'aimant bipolaire est solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de barillet, le remontage et le désarmage du barillet peuvent être réalisés respectivement via l'arbre et le tambour du barillet, ou inversement.Referring again to the figure 2 , it can be seen that the drum of the barrel 11 does not have any external toothing. This is what which is called a smooth barrel. In fact, similar to what is known for rocket movements, the present invention requires that the equalization device be wedged angularly on the barrel. In other words, the two limit angles, defined by the stops 21 and 23 for the angular travel of the wheel 19, must correspond to the states of "fully armed" and "completely disarmed" of the barrel spring, respectively. To satisfy this constraint, in a variant where the bipolar magnet is fixed relative to the barrel support (plate), provision is made for the reassembly and disarming of the barrel spring both to act on the same movable part of the barrel. So according to the example of the figure 2 , the mechanism drive and the reassembly of the barrel are both exerted via the barrel pinion 13, which is also coupled to the equalization device. In a manner known per se, the winding can be carried out by means of a winding crown and / or an oscillating weight. In addition, the winding mechanism can drive either directly with the barrel pinion 13, or with another gear element downstream of the barrel pinion. However, it will be noted that, in another variant or the bipolar magnet is integral in rotation with the barrel shaft, the reassembly and disarming of the barrel can be carried out respectively via the shaft and the barrel drum, or vice versa.

On notera que le dispositif d'égalisation qui vient d'être décrit peut servir conjointement à un dispositif d'indication de la réserve de marche. A cet effet, dans une première variante, une aiguille est montée sur un axe de la roue 19. Dans une deuxième variante, de manière à diminuer le parcours angulaire de l'indicateur de réserve de marche ou à agencer notamment un indicateur ayant un mouvement linéaire, un levier est associé à la came 103. Ce levier définit un suiveur de came et est agencé en appui contre la surface latérale de la came 103. L'indicateur de réserve de marche peut être solidaire du levier ou être formé par un organe distinct actionné par ce levier.It will be noted that the equalization device which has just been described can be used jointly with a device for indicating the power reserve. To this end, in a first variant, a needle is mounted on an axis of the wheel 19. In a second variant, so as to reduce the angular travel of the power reserve indicator or in particular to arrange an indicator having a movement linear, a lever is associated with the cam 103. This lever defines a cam follower and is arranged to bear against the lateral surface of the cam 103. The power reserve indicator may be integral with the lever or be formed by a separate member actuated by this lever.

Les vues partielles des figures 3 à 5 illustrent un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention correspondant à un mouvement de montre à répétition minute. La répétition minute est un mécanisme de sonnerie qui est entraîné par un barillet dédié. Le mécanisme de sonnerie fonctionne grâce à des marteaux qui, lorsqu'ils sont actionnés, viennent frapper à multiples reprises des ressorts timbres. Une particularité de ce genre de mécanisme est que la vitesse à laquelle s'exécute la sonnerie dépend de la grandeur du couple d'entraînement reçu du barillet.Partial views of figures 3 to 5 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention corresponding to a minute repeater watch movement. The minute repeater is a striking mechanism that is driven by a dedicated barrel. The striking mechanism works thanks to hammers which, when activated, strike the stamp springs repeatedly. A peculiarity of this kind of mechanism is that the speed at which the bell is executed depends on the magnitude of the drive torque received from the barrel.

En se référant tout d'abord aux figures 3 et 4, on peut voir un barillet (généralement référencé 111). Le barillet représenté est formé d'un tambour de barillet 131 qui sert de logement à un ressort 133, d'un couvercle de barillet 135 (montré dans la figure 5) qui ferme la boîte formée par le tambour, et d'un arbre de barillet 137 qui traverse le barillet et qui est pivoté par ses extrémités entre la platine et un pont (non représentés). On peut voir encore dans la figure 4 que l'arbre de barillet 137 est solidaire d'un mobile denté comprenant un pignon 113 et une roue 139.Referring first to figures 3 and 4 , we can see a barrel (generally referenced 111). The barrel shown is formed by a barrel drum 131 which serves as a housing for a spring 133, a barrel cover 135 (shown in the figure 5 ) which closes the box formed by the drum, and a barrel shaft 137 which passes through the barrel and which is pivoted at its ends between the plate and a bridge (not shown). We can still see in the figure 4 that the barrel shaft 137 is integral with a toothed mobile comprising a pinion 113 and a wheel 139.

Les figures 3 et 4 montrent encore un râteau de remontage 141 et un rouage à sens unique 143. Les rouages à sens unique sont des dispositifs connus en tant que tels. Dans le présent exemple, le rouage 143 comprend une roue d'entrée 145 qui engrène avec le râteau 141 et une roue de sortie 147 (visible dans la figure 3) qui engrène avec le pignon de barillet 113. Les roue dentées 145 et 147 sont coaxiales et peuvent pivoter l'une par rapport à l'autre. L'une de ces deux roues porte un rochet coaxial (non représenté) qui est pris en sandwich entre la roue d'entrée et la roue de sortie. Un cliquet (non représenté) est pivoté sur la planche de la roue qui fait face au rochet. Ce cliquet est rappelé contre le pourtour du rochet par un ressort (non représenté). Le cliquet est agencé pour coopérer avec une dent du rochet lorsque la roue d'entrée tourne dans le sens antihoraire et pour glisser contre le rochet lorsque la roue d'entrée tourne dans le sens horaire.The figures 3 and 4 still show a winding rake 141 and a one-way train 143. One-way trains are devices known as such. In the present example, the gear train 143 comprises an input wheel 145 which meshes with the rake 141 and an output wheel 147 (visible in the figure 3 ) which meshes with the barrel pinion 113. The toothed wheels 145 and 147 are coaxial and can pivot relative to each other. One of these two wheels carries a coaxial ratchet (not shown) which is sandwiched between the input wheel and the output wheel. A pawl (not shown) is pivoted on the wheel plank which faces the ratchet. This ratchet is recalled against the periphery of the ratchet by a spring (not shown). The pawl is arranged to cooperate with a tooth of the ratchet when the input wheel rotates counterclockwise and to slide against the ratchet when the input wheel rotates clockwise.

Le barillet 111 est agencé pour entraîner le rouage de sonnerie (non représenté) par l'intermédiaire de la denture de la roue 139. Comme déjà mentionné, la roue 139 est solidaire de l'arbre de barillet 137. On comprendra que lorsque le ressort de barillet se désarme progressivement, l'arbre de barillet entraîne la roue 139 dans le sens antihoraire en lui transmettant un couple moteur variable en fonction du degré d'armage du ressort de barillet. De plus, comme le couple qui entraîne le mécanisme de sonnerie est variable en fonction du degré d'armage du barillet, la vitesse à laquelle s'exécute la sonnerie dépend aussi du degré d'armage du ressort de barillet. On notera que la roue 139 effectue moins d'un tour entre son état complètement armé et son état complètement désarmé. L'aimant 207 est agencé sur la roue 139 de manière qu'il ne traverse pas la discontinuité du bord de la came lorsque le barillet se désarme entre les deux états extrêmes susmentionnés.The barrel 111 is arranged to drive the striking gear (not shown) via the toothing of the wheel 139. As already mentioned, the wheel 139 is integral with the barrel shaft 137. It will be understood that when the spring barrel gradually disarms, the barrel shaft drives the wheel 139 counterclockwise by transmitting to it a variable motor torque depending on the degree of winding of the barrel spring. In addition, as the torque which drives the striking mechanism is variable depending on the degree of winding of the barrel, the speed at which the striking is carried out also depends on the degree of winding of the barrel spring. It will be noted that the wheel 139 performs less than one revolution between its fully armed state and its completely disarmed state. The magnet 207 is arranged on the wheel 139 so that it does not cross the discontinuity of the edge of the cam when the barrel disarms between the two aforementioned extreme states.

Le remontage du barillet s'effectue à l'aide du râteau 141. Le porteur de la montre peut actionner le râteau manuellement à l'aide d'un poussoir (non représenté) ou d'un verrou (non représenté) qui est situé sur la boîte de montre. Lorsque le porteur de la montre actionne le râteau, ce dernier pivote en entraînant la roue d'entrée 145 du rouage à sens unique 143 dans le sens antihoraire. La roue de sortie du rouage à sens unique est entraînée par la roue d'entrée et elle entraîne elle-même le pignon de barillet 113 qui effectue ainsi un peu moins d'un tour dans le sens horaire, provoquant l'armage du ressort de barillet 133. Ensuite, lorsque le porteur de la montre relâche le verrou ou le poussoir, un ressort (non représenté) rappelle le râteau dans le sens inverse de celui de la flèche de la figure 4. La course de retour du râteau a pour effet d'entraîner la roue d'entrée 145 du rouage à sens unique dans le sens horaire. Comme le rouage à sens unique ne transmet pas les rotations dans le sens horaire, l'arbre de barillet n'est pas entraîné en sens inverse.The barrel is reassembled using the rake 141. The wearer of the watch can actuate the rake manually using a pusher (not shown) or a lock (not shown) which is located on the watch case. When the watch wearer actuates the rake, the latter rotates by driving the input wheel 145 of the one-way gear 143 counterclockwise. The output wheel of the one-way train is driven by the input wheel and it itself drives the barrel pinion 113 which thus makes a little less than one turn clockwise, causing the winding of the spring. barrel 133. Then, when the wearer of the watch releases the latch or the pusher, a spring (not shown) recalls the rake in the opposite direction to that of the arrow on the figure 4 . The rake return stroke has the effect of driving the input wheel 145 of the one-way train clockwise. Since the one-way train does not transmit clockwise rotation, the barrel shaft is not driven in the opposite direction.

La figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective depuis dessous du deuxième mode de réalisation qui fait également l'objet des figures 3 et 4. Dans la figure 5, certaines pièces, dont le râteau et la roue 139, ont été omises de manière à laisser voir les deux éléments magnétiques du dispositif d'égalisation conforme à l'invention. Dans l'exemple illustré, ces deux éléments magnétiques sont respectivement une came magnétique 203 et un aimant cylindrique bipolaire 207. On peut voir que la came illustrée est très semblable aux cames magnétiques 3 et 103 décrites plus haut. La came 203 est agencée concentriquement à l'arbre de barillet et elle est fixée sur le couvercle de barillet 135. L'aimant bipolaire 207, quant à lui, est monté sur la planche de la roue 139 à distance de l'axe de rotation pour être agencé en regard de la came. Il n'est donc pas agencé dans le même plan que la came, comme c'était le cas pour le premier mode de réalisation, mais dans un plan parallèle de celui de la came, au-dessus de celle-ci. Dans ce cas, l'aimant présente de préférence une direction d'aimantation axiale (parallèle à l'axe de rotation du barillet). On comprendra que, dans ces conditions, l'interaction magnétique entre l'aimant et la came présente une direction principale qui est essentiellement axiale. On dira donc que l'agencement du dispositif d'égalisation est ici de type axial, lequel présente l'avantage d'être généralement plus compact qu'un dispositif de type radial.The figure 5 is a partial perspective view from below of the second embodiment which is also the subject of figures 3 and 4 . In the figure 5 , some parts, including the rake and the wheel 139, have been omitted so as to reveal the two magnetic elements of the equalization device according to the invention. In the example illustrated, these two magnetic elements are respectively a magnetic cam 203 and a bipolar cylindrical magnet 207. It can be seen that the cam illustrated is very similar to the magnetic cams 3 and 103 described above. The cam 203 is arranged concentrically with the barrel shaft and it is fixed to the barrel cover 135. The bipolar magnet 207, for its part, is mounted on the plate of the wheel 139 at a distance from the axis of rotation to be arranged opposite the cam. It is therefore not arranged in the same plane as the cam, as was the case for the first embodiment, but in a plane parallel to that of the cam, above the latter. In this case, the magnet preferably has an axial magnetization direction (parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel). It will be understood that, under these conditions, the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam has a main direction which is essentially axial. It will therefore be said that the arrangement of the equalization device is here of the axial type, which has the advantage of being generally more compact than a device of the radial type.

Dans le mécanisme de sonnerie qui vient d'être décrit, l'aimant 207, qui est solidaire de la roue 139, tourne dans le même sens que l'arbre de barillet 137. Dans ces conditions, l'aimant 207 tourne dans le sens antihoraire relativement à la came lorsque le ressort de barillet 133 se désarme en entraînant la sonnerie. Comme le montre la figure 5, la largeur radiale de la came 203 augmente à mesure qu'on la parcourt dans le sens antihoraire. Dans ces conditions, l'intensité de l'interaction magnétique entre l'aimant et la came augmente avec le désarmage du ressort de barillet. Le potentiel magnétique qui en résulte engendre une force tangentielle sur l'aimant. Ainsi, le dispositif d'égalisation qui vient d'être décrit fournit un couple auxiliaire qui s'exerce sur l'arbre de barillet dans le même sens que le couple moteur et qui augmente à mesure que le couple moteur diminue.In the striking mechanism which has just been described, the magnet 207, which is integral with the wheel 139, rotates in the same direction as the barrel shaft 137. Under these conditions, the magnet 207 rotates in the counterclockwise relative to the cam when the barrel spring 133 disarms causing the bell to ring. As the figure 5 , the radial width of the cam 203 increases as it travels counterclockwise. Under these conditions, the intensity of the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the cam increases with the disarming of the barrel spring. The resulting magnetic potential generates a tangential force on the magnet. Thus, the equalization device which has just been described provides an auxiliary torque which is exerted on the barrel shaft in the same direction as the engine torque and which increases as the engine torque decreases.

On comprendra en outre que diverses modifications et/ou améliorations évidentes pour un homme du métier peuvent être apportées aux modes de réalisation qui font l'objet de la présente description sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention définie par les revendications annexées.It will further be understood that various modifications and / or improvements obvious to a person skilled in the art can be made to the embodiments which are the subject of the present description without departing from the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

Claims (13)

  1. Timepiece movement comprising a mechanism and a barrel (11; 111) arranged to drive the mechanism by means of a kinematic linkage which is arranged to apply a driving torque on this mechanism, the barrel including a drum (131) and a motor spring (133) arranged in the drum so as to apply on the mechanism a motor torque which is variable as a function of the degree of winding of the motor spring, the timepiece movement further comprising an equalisation device (3, 7; 103, 107; 203, 207) connected kinematically to the barrel in order to be able to be driven by this barrel and to be able to apply an auxiliary torque which is added to said motor torque to form together said driving torque, the auxiliary torque varying as a function of the degree of winding of the motor spring so as to counter the variation in the motor torque and thus substantially equalise said driving torque within a useful range of the degree of winding; characterised in that the equalisation device includes a magnetic system formed by a first magnetic element (3; 103; 203) and a second magnetic element (7; 107; 207), said first and second magnetic elements being arranged such that when the equalisation device is driven by the barrel, they are displaced one relative to the other exerting on one another a magnetic force which varies as a function of the relative position occupied by the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element and which produces said auxiliary torque.
  2. Timepiece movement according to claim 1, characterised in that the auxiliary torque exerted by the equalisation device (103, 107) is counter to the motor torque.
  3. Timepiece movement according to claim 1, characterised in that the motor torque and the auxiliary torque exerted by the equalisation device (203, 207) are combined.
  4. Timepiece movement according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first magnetic element (3; 103; 203) is a magnetic cam.
  5. Timepiece movement according to claim 4, characterised in that said magnetic cam has a spiral shape.
  6. Timepiece movement according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that said magnetic cam is formed by a ferromagnetic material.
  7. Timepiece movement according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the magnetic cam (3; 103) and the second magnetic element form a magnetic system of the radial type.
  8. Timepiece movement according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the magnetic cam (203) and the second magnetic element form a magnetic system of the axial type.
  9. Timepiece movement according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second magnetic element (7; 107; 207) is a bipolar permanent magnet.
  10. Timepiece movement according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mechanism driven by the barrel (11) comprises an escapement for spiral balance.
  11. Timepiece movement according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the mechanism driven by the barrel (111) is a striking mechanism.
  12. Timepiece movement according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the equalisation device comprises an auxiliary reducing geartrain in kinematic linkage with the barrel, and one wheel (19) of which, bearing the first magnetic element or the second magnetic element, is arranged to perform less than one rotation when the barrel performs a plurality of rotations between the completely wound-up state thereof and the completely unwound state thereof.
  13. Timepiece movement according to claim 12, characterised in that the equalisation device likewise forms at least partially a device for indicating the power reserve.
EP16194627.2A 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque Active EP3312681B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16194627.2A EP3312681B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque
US15/686,463 US10474109B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2017-08-25 Timepiece movement comprising a device for equalising a motor torque
JP2017173847A JP6381757B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2017-09-11 Timepiece movement with device for equalizing kinetic torque
CN201710971750.7A CN107966893B (en) 2016-10-19 2017-10-18 Timepiece movement including means for equalizing the dynamic torques
HK18112133.3A HK1252772A1 (en) 2016-10-19 2018-09-20 Timepiece movement comprising a device for equalising a motor torque

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16194627.2A EP3312681B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque

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EP3312681A1 EP3312681A1 (en) 2018-04-25
EP3312681B1 true EP3312681B1 (en) 2020-01-29

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EP16194627.2A Active EP3312681B1 (en) 2016-10-19 2016-10-19 Clock movement comprising a device for equalising an engine torque

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US (1) US10474109B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3312681B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6381757B2 (en)
CN (1) CN107966893B (en)
HK (1) HK1252772A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US161957A (en) * 1875-04-13 Improvement in watch-spring equalizers
JPS4921172A (en) * 1972-06-15 1974-02-25
CH592908B5 (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-11-15 Ebauches Sa
JPS5692985U (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-07-24
AU2001235314A1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-23 Detra S.A. Escapement device for timepiece component
EP1914604A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-23 Girard-Perregaux S.A. Clock movement with constant torque energy transmission between the energy source and the mechanical oscillator
JP5412436B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2014-02-12 エテルナ・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウレンファブリク Mechanical watch with constant spring force
EP2450758B1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2017-01-04 Montres Breguet SA Magnetic pivot and electrostatic pivot
CH704457B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2020-07-15 Montres Breguet Sa Watchmaking set including a mobile and a speed regulator
CH706209B1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2016-06-30 Montres Romain Gauthier Sa watch movement including a constant torque barrel.
EP2735919B1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2015-07-22 Montres Breguet SA Watch movement comprising a fusee
JP6040063B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2016-12-07 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Torque adjustment device, movement and mechanical watch
JP6438112B2 (en) * 2014-09-25 2018-12-12 ザ・スウォッチ・グループ・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・リミテッド Interaction between two timer components
EP3182224B1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-05-22 Montres Breguet S.A. Safety regulator for timepiece escapement

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Publication number Publication date
EP3312681A1 (en) 2018-04-25
HK1252772A1 (en) 2019-05-31
CN107966893B (en) 2020-03-27
US10474109B2 (en) 2019-11-12
JP6381757B2 (en) 2018-08-29
US20180107166A1 (en) 2018-04-19
JP2018066727A (en) 2018-04-26
CN107966893A (en) 2018-04-27

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