RU2593852C1 - Crude mixture for making ceramic bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials and may be used for making ceramic bricks. Crude mixture for making ceramic bricks containing clay, crushed brick wastes upon drying, according to the invention additionally contains spent foundry quartz sand being industrial waste of foundry at machine building plants; basalt flour in the form of fine fibrous mass, being industrial waste of heat-insulation basalt board manufacturing, wall and roof panels on their basis in the following component proportion, wt%: clay 75.0-96.0; crushed brick wastes upon drying 0.5-2.0; spent foundry quartz sand 2.0-21.0; basalt flour 0.5-2.0.

EFFECT: technical result is increased bending and compression strength of brick, reduced heat conductivity and low cost of production.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of building materials and can be used for the production of ceramic bricks.

Known raw mix for the production of ceramic bricks with the following components, wt. %: Cambrian clay 70.0-80.0; building sand 10.0-15.0; post-alcohol bard - the rest [Pat. No. 2287504 of the Russian Federation, IPC С04В 38/06. The raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks / Barmin M.H. (RU), Grebenkin A.H. (RU), Pavlichenko V.V. (RU), Kempi E.G. (RU); Applicant and patent holder State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design" (SPSUTD). - No. 2005116805/03; declared 06/01/2005; publ. 11/20/2006, Bull. Number 32. - 5 p.].

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the insufficient tensile strength of ceramic bricks during bending and the high cost of raw materials for making bricks.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention, that is, the prototype, is the composition of the ceramic mass to obtain a brick in the following ratio of components, wt. %: clay 89.0-95.5; crushed brick scrap after drying 0.5-1.0; silica dust 4.0-10.0 [US Pat. No. 2379251 of the Russian Federation, IPC С04В 33/132. Ceramic mass for brick production / Shchepochkina Yu.A. (RU); applicant and patent holder Shchepochkina Yu.A. (RU). - No. 2008144886/03; declared 11/13/2008; publ. 01/20/2010, Bull. No. 2. - 3 p.].

The disadvantages of this ceramic mass used for the production of bricks are the high cost of raw materials, the increased thermal conductivity of bricks, and insufficient bending and compression strengths.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of production, reduce thermal conductivity and increase the strength of bricks in bending and compression.

The specified result is achieved in that the raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including clay, crushed brick scrap after drying, according to the invention further comprises spent molding quartz sand, which is an industrial waste of the foundry of engineering enterprises; basalt flour in the form of fine fibrous mass, which is an industrial waste of the production of basalt heat-insulating plates, wall and roof panels based on them for use in civil and industrial construction in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

clay 75.0-96.0 crushed brick scrap after drying 0.5-2.0 spent molding quartz sand 2.0-21.0 basalt flour 0.5-2.0

Examples of the composition of the raw mix are given in table. one.

For the preparation of ceramic mass can be used clay, the composition of which is shown in table. 2.

The chemical composition of the spent molding quartz sand used to prepare the raw material mixture proposed by this invention is shown in table. 3.

The preparation of clay in the plastic method includes drying the raw materials, crushing on a jaw crusher, soaking with water to ensure the molding moisture of the raw material mixture in the range of 18.5-23.8% and curing the mass during the day.

Spent molding quartz sand and basalt flour in the required quantities are fed to bunkers equipped with baking powder, then they are cleaned of impurities and screened through a vibrating screen.

After drying, the ceramic brick marriage is ground to a powdery mass passing without residue through a No. 014 sieve.

The components of the raw mix through a system of metering hoppers and conveyors enter the mixer, mix until an established consistency is reached.

Ceramic bricks from the inventive raw material mixture are made according to generally accepted technology by the method of plastic molding on screw aggregate presses SMK-217, with twin-shaft mixers, where the raw material mixture is mixed, vacuumized in a press vacuum chamber, compacted and removed from the mouthpiece in the form of a bar, which is cut with a single-bar cutting with an automatic machine on a bar of 30 bricks, which is cut with a multi-string automatic machine into individual bricks loaded onto drying trolleys using a lifting table. Bricks are dried in single-row six-zone dryers for 8-10 hours at a temperature of 160-180 ° C.

Bricks dried to a moisture content of 1.0-5.0% are fed by an unloader through a component table to oven trolleys and then fired to a wide-channel kiln. After cooling to a temperature of 50 ° C, the brick is served for sorting for quality control and then packed on pallets for storage and shipment.

The results of studies of the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained ceramic brick samples and their cost are shown in table. four

The tensile strength of the brick M 150 under compression, bending was determined according to GOST 530-2007, GOST 8462-2008, thermal conductivity according to GOST 26254-84.

As can be seen from table 4, the proposed raw material mixture according to examples 1-3 provides ceramic bricks with improved physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics and allows to reduce the cost of production in comparison with the prototype by 38-43%.

The increase in the tensile strength of the brick M 150 in compression compared with this indicator for the prototype is 12.34%, 10.39%, 5.19% for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

The increase in the tensile strength of the brick M 150 in bending compared with this indicator for the prototype is 10.71%, 7.14%, 3.57% for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

The proposed raw mix provides ceramic brick M 150 with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, the reduction of which compared with this indicator for the prototype is 31.58%, 26.32%, 19.3% for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

Thus, the use of the invention allows to obtain ceramic bricks with improved strength and thermal characteristics, while reducing the cost of production in comparison with the prototype by using the used molding quartz sand - industrial waste of foundry of engineering enterprises, basalt flour - technological waste in the raw material mixture production of basalt heat-insulating plates, wall and roof panels based on them.

Claims (1)

The raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, containing clay, crushed brick scrap after drying, characterized in that it also includes used molding quartz sand, which is technogenic waste from the foundry of machine-building enterprises, basalt flour in the form of fine fiber mass, which is technogenic waste from production basalt heat-insulating plates, wall and roof panels based on them for use in civil and industrial builders . Stve, with the following ratio of components, wt%:
clay 75.0-96.0 crushed brick scrap after drying 0.5-2.0 spent molding quartz sand 2.0-210; basalt flour 0.5-2.0