RU2620677C1 - Raw material mixture for manufacturing ceramic bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: raw material mixture for manufacturing ceramic bricks, including clay, quartz sand with the fineness modulus of 2.0-2.2, and a burn-out additive, additionally contains siliceous sludge waste of the processing process of the spent vanadium catalyst of sulfuric acid production, and as the burning additive, it contains the mixture of sawdust, rubber regenerate crumb of recyclable car tires processing, hydroxypropyl cellulose at the ratio of the indicated constituents of the burnout additive: 1:0.1-0.3:0.01-0.02 with the following component ratio, wt %: clay 73.0-87.0, mentioned quartz sand 9.0-16.0, sludge of the spent vanadium catalyst processing process 2.0-5.0, said burn-out additive 2.0-6.0.

EFFECT: increasing the physical and mechanical characteristics of ceramic bricks, including increasing the compressive strength and bending strength, eliminating the external defects of the front brick faces, increasing the thermal properties, reducing the cost and increasing the profitability of brick production.

3 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of building materials and can be used for the production of ceramic bricks.

Known raw mix for the manufacture of ceramic bricks in the following ratio of components, wt. %: lump clay of the Tsekalovsky deposit - 75.5-80.0; building sand with a particle size modulus of 2-2.5 -12.0-15.0; burnable fibrous additive - cellolignin with a moisture content of 4.0-6.0%, a dispersion of 0.5-1.0 mm - 5.0-9.5 [US Pat. No. 2229454 of the Russian Federation, IPC С04В 33/00, 38/06. Raw mix for the manufacture of ceramic bricks / Barmin M.I., Grebenkin A.N. Pavlichenko V.V., Melnikov V.V., Kempi E.G., Boyko A.I., Chernikov N.S .; Applicant and patent holder St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design. - No. 2002111580/03; declared 04/29/2002; publ. May 27, 2004].

The disadvantages of this invention include low tensile strengths in compression and bending, heterogeneity of the brick structure, insufficient thermal properties.

Known raw mix for the production of ceramic bricks, containing clay, quartz sand, a burnable additive - coal fines and / or sawdust, polystyrene granules [Pat. No. 2120923 of the Russian Federation, IPC С04В 33/00, С04В 33/02, С04В 38/06, С04В 33/30. Ceramic brick, stone and a method of manufacturing ceramic brick, stone / Tikhov V.K., Marchenko Yu.I., Ananiev A.I., Selivanov V.N .; applicants and patent holders: Tikhov V.K., Marchenko Yu.I., Ananiev A.I., Selivanov V.N., Scherbak N.N. - No. 97118519/03; declared 11/17/1997; publ. 10/27/1998].

This invention by its technical nature and the achieved result is closest to the proposed invention and therefore is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the technical solutions for the prototype are:

- low tensile strength of bricks in bending;

- insufficient thermophysical properties;

- defects of the front faces of the brick;

- low profitability of production

due to the high cost of the components of the raw mix - clay, sand, burnable additives.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the physicomechanical characteristics of ceramic bricks, including increasing the compressive and bending strength, eliminating external defects of the face faces of bricks, increasing the thermophysical properties, reducing costs and increasing the profitability of brick production.

This result is achieved in that the raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including clay, quartz sand with a particle size module of 2.0-2.2, a burnable additive, according to the invention, additionally contains silica-containing slurry waste from the processing of the spent vanadium catalyst for sulfuric acid production, and as a burning additive contains a mixture of wood sawdust, crumbs of a rubber regenerate of the recycling process of recycled car tires, hydroxypropyl cellulose at a ratio said burnable additive components: 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.01-0.02 next raw mix composition, wt. %:

clay 73.0-87.0 quartz sand 9.0-16.0 processing sludge spent vanadium catalyst (HVAC) 2.0-5.0 burnable additive 2.0-6.0

The composition of the raw mix in examples 1-3 are given in table. one.

To prepare the raw material mixture (charge) in examples 1-3, quartz sand with a particle size modulus (M _cr ) of 2.0 ÷ 2.2 of the Khromtsovsky deposit in the Ivanovo region and silica-containing sludge from processing HVAC with M _cr = 0.3 ÷ 0.5 were used, the composition of which is shown in table. 2.

As clay-containing raw materials, clay was used from the Malobutkinskoye deposit in the Ivanovo region, the composition of which is shown in Table. 3.

As a crumb of a rubber regenerate, a regenerate with a particle size of 0.8-1.0 mm, manufactured in accordance with TU 2519-001-5974-0985-2013 of the Explotex trademark, Raduzhny, Vladimir Region, was used.

Use wood sawdust of deciduous, coniferous species according to TU 313-64, GOST 23246-78 with a moisture content of 20-30% wt. with a particle size of 1.5-2.5 mm.

The possibility of preparing the inventive ceramic mixture to obtain ceramic bricks is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1

Prepare a raw mixture (mixture) of the following composition, wt. %:

clay 73.0 quartz sand (M _cr = 2.0) 16,0 sludge HVAC (M _cr = 0.3) 5,0 burnable additive from the mixture hardwood sawdust, crumbs rubber regenerate, hydroxypropyl- cellulose in a ratio of 1: 0.1: 0.01 6.0

As wood sawdust using birch sawdust with a moisture content of 20% wt. with a particle size of 1.5 mm.

The rubber regenerate is used in the form of crumbs with a particle size of 0.8 mm.

The components of the raw mix are fed by conveyors to the mixing unit, consisting of feeders with batchers of the mixture components, stone rollers, a SMK-355 twin-shaft mixer with a filter grate that prevents foreign objects and impurities from entering the mixture, then the mixture is fed to the Cascade unit for homogenization.

Then, the mixture is conveyed to the charge tank via a conveyor, where it is aged for 14 days to average the moisture content of the components in the range 19.5-21.5%, after which it is sent to the molding unit - screw press Steel-75AD, where the ceramic mixture is mixed, it is evacuated in a vacuum chamber, compacted and leaves the mouthpiece of the press in the form of a bar, which is cut by a 3-string cutting machine into individual bricks for their subsequent laying by the manipulator on a calcining trolley in 24 rows of 32 bricks in each for subsequent drying and bzhiga.

The drying process of bricks is carried out in continuous tunnel dryers for 54-58 hours at a temperature of 154-161 ° C. Next, the dried bricks with a residual moisture content of 2.2-5.8% are fed for firing into the tunnel kiln. The firing process is carried out for 27.8-29.5 hours at a maximum temperature in the firing zone of 990-1000 ° C.

After the firing is completed, the trolleys with bricks are cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C, then they are fed to the sorting and quality control post and then placed on pallets for shipment.

Example 2

Prepare a raw mixture (mixture) of the following composition, wt. %:

clay 80.0 quartz sand (M _cr = 2.1) 13.0 sludge HVAC (M _cr = 0.4) 3.0 burnable additive from the mixture sawdust, crumb rubber regenerate, hydroxypropyl- cellulose in a ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.015 4.0

Softwood sawdust is used as sawdust with a moisture content of 25% wt., With a particle size of 2.0 mm.

The rubber regenerate is used in the form of crumbs with a particle size of 0.9 mm.

Next, the cooking process is carried out analogously to example 1.

Example 3

Prepare a raw mixture (mixture) of the following composition, wt. %:

clay 87.0 quartz sand (M _cr = 2.2) 9.0 sludge HVAC (M _cr = 0.5) 2.0 burnable additive from the mixture sawdust, crumb rubber regenerate, hydroxypropyl- cellulose in a ratio of 1: 0.3: 0.02 2.0

As sawdust use sawdust of deciduous, coniferous species with a moisture content of 30% wt., With a particle size of 2.5 mm

The rubber regenerate is used in the form of crumbs with a particle size of 1.0 mm.

Further, similarly to examples 1-2.

Physico-mechanical, thermotechnical properties of a single brick, obtained from a ceramic mixture according to examples 1-3 and the prototype, are shown in table 3.

The tensile strength of the brick M 150 under compression, bending was determined according to GOST 530-2012, GOST 8462-2008, the coefficient of thermal conductivity according to GOST 26254-84.

As can be seen from the table. 3, the proposed raw material mixture according to examples 1-3 provides ceramic bricks with improved physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics.

The increase in the tensile strength of the brick M 150 in compression compared with the same indicator for the prototype is 1, 2; 1.18; 1.15 times for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

The increase in the tensile strength of the brick M 150 in bending compared with the same indicator for the prototype is 1.27; 1.17; 1.14 times for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

The proposed raw mixture provides ceramic brick M 150 with higher thermal properties. The decrease in the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick of the claimed ceramic mixture in comparison with the same indicator for the prototype is 1.46; 1.41; 1.28 times for examples 1, 2, 3, respectively.

Brick made from the claimed ceramic mixture has no defects in the face faces in the form of cracks and chips, it is characterized by improved presentation, enhanced thermal properties, and compliance with GOST 530-2007.

In addition, the use of the invention allows to obtain ceramic brick while reducing the cost of its production by 5.2-6.0% due to a decrease in the cost of silica-containing raw materials and the use of highly effective and inexpensive burn-out additives in the composition of the raw material mixture - sawdust and crushed rubber regenerate.

The use of these industrial wastes not only reduces the cost of raw materials, but also additionally solves the problem of their disposal and reduces the risks of environmental pollution.

Claims (2)

The raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including clay, quartz sand, particle size 2.0-2.2, a burnable additive, characterized in that it further contains silica-containing slurry waste from the processing of the spent vanadium catalyst for sulfuric acid production, and as a burnable additive contains a mixture of wood sawdust, crumbs of rubber regenerate of the recycling process of used car tires, hydroxypropyl cellulose with the ratio of these components burning out d bavki: 1: 0.1-0.3:. 0.01-0.02 with the following ratio of components, wt%: clay 73.0-87.0 specified quartz sand 9.0-16.0 processing sludge spent vanadium catalyst (HVAC) 2.0-5.0 specified burnable additive 2.0-6.0