RU2592317C1 - Method of making glass articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: glass.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of hollow glass articles. Method of making glass articles involves feeding glass melt in rough shape, piece moulding in rough form, extraction of rough shape, transfer in finish shape in neck on position aligned with vertical axis of movement of neck shape and pressing male die, final forming of article at finishing form by blowing. Workpiece neck part is formed before moulding workpiece by movement of glass mass with compressed air supplied to lower part of rough shape upwards towards neck shape to contact glass mass surface pressing male die, and subsequent pressing by pressing male die. Final forming is performed after withdrawing by blowing with compressed air fed into molded workpiece neck part.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of quality of finished glass articles due to reduction of their weight and uniform distribution of glass, increased efficiency of method, as well as in ensuring stable temperature conditions of rough and finishing form sets.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the manufacture of hollow glass products and can be used in the glass industry for the manufacture of glassware mainly with a narrow neck.

Currently, for the production of hollow glass products, multi-section glass-forming machines are used, in which the manufacture of glass products is carried out by blowing, extrusion molding or direct pressing.

Known methods for the production of hollow glass products, according to which the preform is first formed in an inverted orientation in a preform that is held by the inverting device, inverted by rotation through 180 ° to ensure its vertical orientation, and then subjected to blowing to form the finished product. In this case, the preform is formed by means of a precipitating blasting or pressing a portion of glass by means of a device with pressing plungers (punches) [for example, RU 2307077 C2, filing date 06.03.2003, published 09.27.2007].

There are also known methods of manufacturing glass products, in accordance with which the preform is formed by direct, upper pressing by introducing the plunger into the molten glass, and then the finished product is finely blown [for example, EP 2716610 A2, filing date 09/27/2013, published 04/09/2014].

A common disadvantage of known methods for the production of glass products is the unsatisfactory quality of the finished glass products, associated with an uneven distribution of glass over the body and bottom of the product.

In addition, the use of blank overturning technology leads to the appearance of a defect, expressed in the bottom gulf, cracks in the neck and, as a result, to a decrease in production productivity. Another disadvantage is the high noise level associated with external cooling of rough and finish forms. A significant drawback is the fact that the glass-forming machines used in the known analogues have large dimensions and are difficult to maintain and repair.

Closest to the claimed method, the technical solution is a method of manufacturing glassware, in which the blank is formed with the upper arrangement of the pressing punch and moving rough and finishing forms. The method includes feeding a portion of the molten glass to the whole draft form, molding the billet and the throat by pressing, transferring the billet from the draft form to the finishing form in the throat form, molding the product by vacuum and blowing, pressing the billet in draft form, removing it from the draft form and transferring it to the finishing form the form is carried out at a position coinciding with the vertical axis of movement of the neck form, the pressing punch and the workpiece, while alternating from this position the rough blank form is replaced by the final form harass during the fixed upper vertical position of the workpiece in the throat form and the punch, coaxial with the position of the mold change, and the change of the final form with the workpiece in draft form with a portion of the molten glass is carried out during the fixed upper vertical position of the free throat form and the punch coaxial with the position of the mold change [ RU 2024438 C1, filing date 08.24.1992, published 12.15.1994].

The disadvantage of the closest analogue, as well as other known methods for the manufacture of glass products, is the low quality of finished glass products.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for the manufacture of glass products, which avoids the formation of defects and marriage of glass products, and, as a result, to ensure high productivity of the method.

The technical result obtained by using the claimed invention is to improve the quality of finished glass products by reducing their mass and uniform distribution of glass, to increase the productivity of the method, as well as to ensure stable temperature conditions of the draft and finishing mold sets.

The technical result is achieved in that a method of manufacturing glass products, including feeding a portion of glass melt into a draft form, molding a preform in a draft form, removing the preform from a draft form, transferring it to the final form in the throat form at a position coinciding with the vertical axis of movement of the neck form and the pressing punch , the final molding of the product in the final form by blowing, is characterized in that the throat part of the preform is preformed by moving the molten glass with compressed air, feeding pressed into the lower part of the draft form, up in the direction of the throat form until the molten glass touches the surface of the pressing punch, and then pressing the pressing punch, and the final molding of the workpiece is carried out after removing the punch by blowing it with compressed air supplied to the molded neck of the workpiece.

The invention is illustrated by figures 1-10.

In FIG. 1 on the left (relative to the axis) is a draft mold kit at the starting position for receiving glass melt. The draft form kit contains the lower one-piece draft form and the upper two-part draft form consisting of two halves. On the right (relative to the axis) is shown the position in which a portion of the molten glass fell into the cavity of an integral draft form.

In FIG. 2 shows a draft form kit and a throat form at the position of forming the workpiece.

In FIG. Figure 3 on the left (relative to the axis) shows the assembly of a black mold with a neck shape (arrows indicate the direction of movement of the glass melt for preliminary molding the neck of the workpiece). On the right (relative to the axis) is shown the pressing position in which the pressing punch is embedded (lowered) into the molten glass.

In FIG. 4 on the left (relative to the axis) is the stage of molding the neck of the preform (the punch is embedded in the molten glass), on the right is the stage of final blowing of the preform with the full molding of the neck of the preform (the punch is in the extracted (raised) position, the arrows show the direction of movement of the glass).

In FIG. 5 shows the stages of disclosure of the upper draft form after molding the preform, lifting the neck form with the preform and completely removing the preform from the draft mold set.

In FIG. 6 on the left (relative to the axis) shows the stage of moving the opened blank form to the receiving position of the workpiece extracted from the draft form, and to the right the stage of lowering the workpiece into the cavity of the final form with the synchronous closing of the final form.

In FIG. 7, on the left (relative to the axis), the stage of opening the throat form with the final release of the workpiece with its transfer to the final form is shown, and on the right is the stage of lifting (with technological need) the holder of the throat form and closing the throat form.

In FIG. 8 on the left (relative to the axis) shows the stage of the position of the final form at the position of the final blowing, the stage of lowering and raising the blasting head, and on the right - the stage of lowering, gripping and raising the grips with the finished product.

In FIG. 9, on the left (relative to the axis), the stage of approaching the receiving platform to the blowing position is depicted, and on the right is the stage of lowering the finished product to this platform.

In FIG. 10 shows the final movement of the finished product onto the conveyor.

The manufacture of glass products using the claimed invention is as follows.

At the position of receiving the molten glass, a portion of 1 molten glass is fed into the cavity of the lower one-piece rough draft form 2, in which the bottom valve 3 is technologically provided (Fig. 1). At this position, the halves of the detachable (intermediate) form 4 are brought into a state 1-1 on both sides of the axis of the one-piece form 2 in order to freely feed the portion 1 of the molten glass into it. The movement (raising-lowering) of the bottom valve 3 is technologically controlled by a limiter 5, fixed in the annular gap 6.

Before the portion 1 of the molten glass enters the cavity of the integral draft form 2, cooling air is supplied through the channels of the platform 7 both into the internal cavities 8 and on the outer surfaces of the draft form 2. This method of supplying cooling air makes it possible to completely guarantee the temperature regime of the molten mass at the stage of its reception, at the stage of moving the molten glass, located in the lower part of the one-piece draft form 2. An important role at this stage is also played by the fact that this cooling method of forms 2 allows cooling inside set, a shaping surface of the upper intermediate mold 4, and optimally provide cooling intensity necessary to establish a temperature field forms 4.

The supply of cooling air is carried out during the period when the halves of the intermediate form 4 are closed, while the air is supplied through the internal channels of the form 4, when the halves of the form 4 are fully conjugated. Such a cooling mode allows more efficient use of the volume of consumed air, which reduces the noise level at the operator’s workplace and significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing glassware as a whole.

After feeding the portion 1 of the molten glass to the draft mold 2 (position 1-2, Fig. 1 on the right), the platform 7 with the draft mold set located on it moves to the position of forming the workpiece. This movement is accompanied by a continuous supply of cooling air through the valves 9 through the ducts 10 of the platform 7. By the time forms 2 and 4 reach the coaxial position with the neck form, the halves of the intermediate draft form 4 are completely closed and paired coaxially with the draft one-piece form 2. Next, coaxial, vertical lowering the holder 11 of the neck shape 12 to position 2-1 and centering it in the guide ring 14 so that the common vertical axis of the conical surface 13 of the neck shape 12 coincides with the common vertical axis the conical surface 15 of the intermediate form 4 (Fig. 2).

At this stage, the complete mold set is finally formed, containing the lower one-piece draft form 2, split halves of the draft form 4, the guide ring 14, the neck form 12 and the pressing punch 16.

At the end of this stage, the narrow-necked pressing punch 16 is lowered to the level of its conjugation with the guide ring 14 of the throat form 12 (Fig. 3 on the left).

Next is the molding of the workpiece and its neck. First, the throat part of the billet is formed by supplying compressed air (pressure of 2-3 bar depending on the mass of the molten glass) to the lower part of the draft form 2. For this, the bottom valve 3 is raised to a height sufficient to form an opening between it and the draft form 2 (position 3-1 of Fig. 3 on the left). Glass melt under the influence of compressed air moves up the free space to the throat cavity of the throat form 12, occupying an intermediate position 3-2 (Fig. 3 on the left).

Then the molten glass reaches the throat cavity of the throat form 12 and fills it. At this point, the pressing punch 16 overlaps with its lower surface the forming cavity of the guide ring 14 in its upper part in order to prevent the glass melt from moving outside the forming cavity of the guide ring 14 (Fig. 3 on the left).

This is necessary so as not to interfere with the air in the throat cavity of the throat mold 12 above the upwardly moving molten glass to leave the throat cavity through the technological gap between the punch 16 and the upper part of the guide ring 14 of the throat mold 12. Failure to do this will not ensure high-quality filling of the throat throat cavity 12 with molten glass for the production of a narrow-necked assortment of products. In addition, being late with the overlap of this gap will lead to the rejection of the throat part of the workpiece with the formation of the so-called "sharp throat". At the same time, early lowering of the pressing punch 16 into the cavity of the throat form 12, as a rule, leads to a marriage called "underpressing" of the neck part due to obstacles created by the part of the air that did not leave this cavity.

Such a technological mode is selected and established empirically for each narrow-necked assortment taking into account the mass of the product, the viscosity of the glass melt, the temperature of the portion of the glass melt and the productivity of the process at the established temperature conditions for the manufacture of the product, which very much depends on the technological mode of mold cooling.

Next, the pressing punch 16 is introduced into the molten glass, subjecting it to pressing. In this case, the molten glass is still under the influence of air pressure moving it up. Such a technological step will not allow the molten glass to go beyond the guide ring 14, since the speed of penetration of the punch 16 into the molten glass is higher than the speed of movement of the molten glass through the neck of the throat form 12. When the punch reaches its extreme, lower position, it acts as a pressing punch in a small volume, which will allow exclude the formation of the above unwanted marriages (Fig. 3 on the right). At this stage, the preliminary formation of the neck of the workpiece ends.

At the next stage, the supply of compressed air through the bottom valve 3 is stopped, while the extraction (rise) of the punch 16 to the initial upper position of its interface with the guide ring 14 of the throat form 12 starts simultaneously. Air is continuously blown into the cavity formed by the punch 16. Closing the bottom valve 3 is carried out under its own weight after depressurization of air.

In order to increase the productivity of the blowing process and the quality of the workpiece, the blowing of the workpiece may be accompanied by the creation of a small vacuum in the cavity above the valve 3 until the end of the blowing process.

A significant advantage of the proposed method for the manufacture of glassware is that it is carried out in the continuous cooling mode of the draft mold kit, which can be changed in the required parameters, since the draft form is stationary with respect to the mobile platform, which moves from position to position strictly horizontally.

The manufacturing process of the workpiece takes place by the method of "blast-press-blast" with the upper, vertical position of the workpiece, which distinguishes it from the known methods and leads to a simplification of technology, increased durability of molds, simplified operator maintenance of the process of replacing molds, especially the pressing punch. Durability is ensured by the fact that fragments of broken glass do not fall on the forming surfaces (especially on the punch), which eliminates premature damage to its surface, as well as convenient cooling conditions are achieved. The operator is visually able to continuously monitor the condition of the surfaces of the molds, punch and lubricate them.

For complete and high-quality filling of the throat cavity of the throat form 12 with molten glass and the elimination of marriages, the punch 16 is inserted into the molten mass to a length not exceeding the height of the guide ring (approximately 5-30 mm, depending on the assortment of glassware). Such a transition is necessary in order to enhance the pressing and completely fill the volume of the upper throat portion of the corolla.

After the full implementation of the punch 16, the glass melt falls down on the volume of not more than the volume of the introduction of the punch and takes position 3-3 (Fig. 3 on the left). Next, the punch 16 is removed (lifted) to its original position, and in the glass mass remains an exact copy of its forming surface.

The end of this stage is characterized in that the supply of compressed air from the bottom of the draft form 2 no longer has a technological meaning and its supply is stopped. In this case, the valve 3 is not closed, but left open so as not to create obstacles to the exit of air at the next stage of the process. The supply of compressed air to move the molten glass upward through the bottom valve 3 completely stops simultaneously with the start of the rise of the punch 16, otherwise, the already formed neck part will deform. At this stage, the preliminary molding of the throat portion of the workpiece ends (position 4-1 and 4-2 in Fig. 4).

For the final formation of the workpiece as a whole, compressed blowing air is supplied into the cavity pressed by the Poisson 16 (position 4-3 of Fig. 4).

The bulk of defects in the manufacture of glassware arises in the manufacture of preforms. The claimed invention allows to solve the problem of reducing such defects due to more efficient distribution of glass in the molding process. This is due to the preliminary molding of the throat portion of the preform by moving the glass melt from bottom to top, while its throat portion is located at the top. The lower regions of the glass melt having a higher temperature will not yet be completely crystallized, and after removing the punch 16, the surface of the glass melt will become even warmer due to heat transfer from the warmer, lower, deeper regions. This will have a positive effect on the subsequent process of forming the preform, namely, the movement of the glass melt into the lower, forming cavity of the mold 2, into which compressed air is no longer supplied to this moment.

Glass melt under the influence of compressed air rushes into the free cavity and completely fills it. The opening of the bottom valve 3 has a minimum structural gap depending on the mass of the workpiece (0.1 ... 0.3 mm) and allows you to remove the air remaining in the molding cavity, which could adversely affect the process of blowing the workpiece.

The size of the gap is selected based on the size of the workpiece and other parameters that are determined empirically. Changing the size of the gap leads to a change in air pressure in the forming cavity, and consequently to a change in the speed of forming the workpiece, which is essential when forming workpieces of large sizes and affects the stabilization of the temperature field of the workpiece. In addition, the final closure of the bottom valve 3 is unacceptable for a wide range of workpieces, since subsequent removal of the workpiece will not meet, in addition to the existing friction resistance from adhesion from the forming surfaces of the lower one-piece mold 2. For wide-necked products, such a bottom valve may be absent or may be permanently closed.

A feature of the proposed method for the manufacture of glassware in the sense of stabilizing the temperature regime of the draft mold set is its cooling during the supply of compressed air through valve 3. The longitudinal movement of the draft mold set allows you to freely close the halves of the upper split mold 4, after which air is supplied through the bottom valve 3 into the internal cavity of the mold set cooling. Even slight direct cooling of the internal forming cavities (surfaces) has a significant positive effect on the stabilization (alignment) of the temperature regime of forming surfaces. In this case, this effect is enhanced by the fact that both external and internal surfaces are cooled.

When switching to a different assortment of glass products, it is enough to install new (different) forms (other forming surfaces) and choose a technological mode for performance and cooling. These stages have a significant advantage compared with known methods, namely, that the temperature stabilization of the technological process of manufacturing the workpiece provides a constant, integrated mode of cooling molds.

The lower mold 2 is constantly cooled along the outer surface, and during the movement of the molten glass upward, compressed, cold (compared to the molten glass temperature) air is supplied to the internal cavity of mold 2, thereby equalizing its temperature field. The halves of the intermediate form 4 are cooled both diluted from external blowing, and in the closed position through the internal channels through the lower form 2, and then the air enters the throat form 12 (Fig. 4).

After the stage of blowing the preform at the end, the intermediate forms 4 are opened (parted) (pos. 5-1 of Fig. 5) to a state in which the holder 11 of the neck shape 12 will freely raise the neck shape 12 with the workpiece to position 5-2. During the divorce, the forming surface of the intermediate form 4 is cooled by external cooling air (Fig. 5).

Next, the draft form 2 is moved to the initial position for receiving a portion of the molten glass, and the final form in the opened state is moved to this position (position 6-1 of Fig. 6 on the left).

Technologically, the process is tied to the fact that the supply of cooling air to the inner cavity of the draft form 2 is stopped before the portion of the glass melt is fed into the draft form 2. At the same time, the halves of the upper form 4 must be separated to a distance that does not prevent the free-flow of the glass melt.

The transfer of the rough mold set to the starting position, the cooling of the rough mold set at the starting position and at the position of manufacture of the workpiece occurs in parallel with the movement of the finishing forms to the receiving position of the finished workpiece. At the moment when the draft form 2 takes its initial position, the final form takes the position of receiving the workpiece. The transfer of finishing forms from the position of fine blowing (evacuation) to the position of receiving the workpiece can be carried out both in the mode of their full disclosure, incomplete closure, and in the full closure mode, which is typical for a wide-necked assortment. The narrow-necked assortment is characterized by the mode of full opening at the position of receiving the workpiece, since this is due to the geometry of the small diameter of the neck of the product and the larger diameter of the lower part of the workpiece. The wide-necked assortment does not raise questions with the geometry of the transmission, since the upper diameter of the neck of the workpiece is always larger than the lower section of the workpiece.

The technological mode of closing and opening finishing forms when moving from the position of fine blowing (evacuation) is determined by the nature of the finished product and the performance of the process.

The cooling of both the inner, forming cavity and the outer surface of the rough and finish forms occurs simultaneously. The controlled cooling of the internal forming cavities of the mold even on the external surfaces significantly expands the technological capabilities of the method, especially when choosing a manufactured product range.

The transfer of the finished workpiece into the final form of the narrow-necked assortment differs from the classically known method of transfer using the flipping mechanism (turnover) only at the final moment when the neck form 12 is opened by the holder 11 above the closed finish form and the workpiece is released in which the neck form 12 reaches the clearance “K” with the upper plane of the final form (Fig. 6 on the right). This is due to the lowering of the holder 11 of the neck form 12 to the position 6-2 (Fig. 6 on the right). This moment is characterized by the fact that cooling air no longer enters the internal cavity of the closed finishing mold, since the detachable parts of the finished mold themselves block its supply. At the same time, their external surfaces continue to be cooled by the supplied air until their opening, when the supply of cooling air to the internal cavity of the mold is stopped.

After this, the opening of the neck form 12 with the final release of the workpiece with its transfer to the final form, the rise of the neck form 12 and its closure (positions 7-1 and 7-2 of Fig. 7).

Next, the blowing head 17 is lowered onto the throat part of the billet and the finished product is molded by blowing (positions 8-1, 8-2 of Fig. 8 on the left).

After the product is completely blown, the final form is revealed by plane-parallel movement of its parts, grabs 18 from position 8-3 are lowered coaxially to the product and grab the product under the whisk (position 8-4 of Fig. 8).

Then, the grips 18 move vertically upwards, remove the finished product from the pallet and lower it onto the cooling table 19, maintaining a small gap (1-2 mm) between the bottom of the product and table 19 in order to avoid deformation of the product (position 9-1 of Fig. 9 on the left) . Through the holes in the cooling table 19, cooling air is constantly supplied (Fig. 9). Then, the grips 18 are opened (opened), which allows the product to be lowered directly onto the cooling table 19 (position 9-2). Next, using the pusher 20, the finished product is moved to the conveyor 21 (Fig. 10).

Ensuring constant cooling throughout the entire process is necessary to maintain the temperature regime of both draft and finishing forms. This mode (method) of cooling allows you to economically use the flow of cooling air and thereby reduce the noise level at the workplace. The procedure and technological equipment for regulating the supply of cooling air by overlapping the main channel and its supply to the cavity of the movable plate are greatly simplified.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing glass products, including feeding a portion of glass melt into a draft form, molding a preform in a draft form, removing a preform from a draft form, transferring it to the final form in the throat form at a position coinciding with the vertical axis of movement of the neck form and the pressing punch, final molding of the product in the final blow molding, characterized in that the throat part of the preform is preformed by moving the glass melt with compressed air supplied to the lower part of the draft form, up in ION throat to form molten glass touches the surface of the pressing punch and the pressing punch followed by compression, and the final shaping of the blank is carried out after removing the punch by blowing compressed air supplied to the molded preform neck portion.

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