RU2588642C2 - System for estuary irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: reclamation.

SUBSTANCE: system of estuary irrigation is arranged in a closed reduction of terrain relief, includes a series of earth conservation shafts (dams) with water-transmitting control structures, dividing total area of system to separate tiers, and water supply source. System is equipped by section reset-sprayer, laid at thalweg bottom reduction without dumping shafts with a small inclination from shaft of upper tier and coming through gate-regulator outside system. Along perimeter of reduction there is a single-flange output groove, and at end of upper stage before separating shaft - manifold groove. Perpendicular to horizontal lines of reducing inside tiers there is a cut slot or mole drainage to output of well heads of slits or mole in reset-sprinkler, discharge and collector of groove. For more effective control of salinization and solonization system is equipped with device for dissolution and introduction of chemical ameliorants into irrigation water.

EFFECT: higher quality of irrigation.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the agricultural sector and its industry - irrigated agriculture and land reclamation, in particular to improving the design of engineering systems of estuary irrigation for highly efficient cultivation of crops on saline lands.

A known irrigation system that allows the combined use of local surface runoff water and technological discharges of irrigation and watering systems (RU, patent No. 2467561, IPC (7) A01G 25/00, Bull. No. 26, 2012), which is a network of longline estuaries, formed by rollers located along the horizontal lines of the area, and equipped with steady channels and closed distribution pipelines. In the spring, during floods, estuaries are flooded with local water, and in the absence or lack of water, flooding with waste water coming under pressure through a closed pipeline is carried out.

The disadvantages of this system are the high costs of building a closed pipeline, the acquisition of mobile pumping stations, as well as its focus on flatness and the general slope of the relief. For a closed estuary lowering, this scheme is not applicable.

Closest to the proposed system is the classical design of the engineering system of the estuary irrigation, consisting of a water supply source, earthen water retaining and water distribution shafts, water supply and spillway structures (A.N. Kostyakov. Fundamentals of Land Reclamation: Textbook - Edition 6th, add. And revised. - M.: Selkhozgiz, 1960 .-- S. 301-313).

The disadvantages of the classical system include: limited scope, which consists in a one-time flooding and a single spring soil recharge; insufficient uniformity of hydration within the estuary; the impossibility of effective application of differentiated irrigation technologies; the complexity of the processes of desalinization and desalinization of soils; poor controllability of the mechanisms of formation of land fertility and increase the productivity of estuary irrigated agricultural land.

The proposed disadvantages are eliminated by the proposed estuary irrigation system located in a closed lowering of the terrain, including a series of earthen water-retaining shafts (dams) with culvert regulating structures dividing the total territory of the system into separate tiers, and a water supply source, which is equipped with a local discharge-irrigator laid along the lowering bottom thalweg without filling the shafts with a slight slope from the upper tier shaft and going outside the system through the gateway regulator, along the lowering perimeter I made a single-sided lead-out groove, and at the end of the upper tier in front of the dividing shaft - a collector groove, while a mole drainage was cut perpendicularly to the horizontal of the lowering inside the tiers with the mouths opening mrotodren into the discharge-sprinkler, the lead-out and collector grooves.

In addition, to more effectively combat salinization and salinization, the system can be equipped with a device for dissolving and adding chemical ameliorants to irrigation water.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed design of the estuary irrigation system (SLO) due to the device additional permanent open irrigation and drainage network in the form of a local discharge-irrigation, peripheral and collector grooves, as well as cutting temporary mole drainage inside the system, allows carry out a differentiated mode of humidification (disposable and reusable) with the timely removal of excess water, as well as the intensive washing process of saline and saline estuary soils, intensified by the use of chemical reclamation, which contributes to the creation of a normal environmental situation and the formation of a stable highly productive agromeliol landscape.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a multi-tiered estuary irrigation system with mole drainage, FIG. 2 shows a section along AA of FIG. 1 estuary irrigation system.

The system includes a district supply irrigation canal 1, earthen bulk water-retaining shafts 2, regulating locks (water outlets) 3 with a passage for supplying water from irrigation channel 1 to the estuary, water outlets with relocation on earthen ramparts 4, a district discharge irrigation 5, a lock -regulator 6 with relocation at discharge-sprinkler 5, peripheral single-breasted output groove 7, collector groove 8, mole drainage 9, device for introducing chemical ameliorants 10.

The precinct irrigation canal 1 should provide a standard 75% water supply throughout the growing season, and therefore large rivers, canals of irrigation and irrigation systems or a reservoir of seasonal and multi-year regulation of local flood flow should serve as water sources.

Earthen water-retaining shafts 9, dividing the total area of the Arctic Ocean into separate cells (tiers) - (I, II, III ... N), are perpendicular to the horizontals 11 of the closed relief and should have a height of 0.4 to 1.3 m (depending on estimated average depth of flooding). The tier area should not exceed 50-100 ha, in order to achieve optimal flooding schemes.

Gateways regulators 3, which serve to supply water from irrigation canal 1 to the territory of the Arctic Ocean, must have a capacity with a specific flow rate of at least 20-50 l / s per 1 ha, which ensures compliance with a supply time of no more than 3-10 days (depending on species of crops cultivated on the estuary).

The local discharge-sprinkler 5 is laid along the thalweg of the bottom of the estuary lowering in the recess without the formation of collapse dams, starting from the earthen shaft 2 of the first (upper) tier. Its bottom 12 is arranged with a slight slope to ensure timely drainage of excess water outside the Arctic Ocean. The channel depth should be at least 0.5 m, with the laying of slopes at the level of 1: 1.0-1.5.

Outlets 4 with relocation are installed on discharge sprinkler 5 at the intersection with earthen ramparts 2 and are used to regulate the flooding layer on the tiers of the estuary and timely bypass and discharge of water. Their throughput should ensure the removal of water within 1-3 days.

The peripheral single-sided lead-out groove 7 with a depth of at least 0.5 m is cut along the perimeter of the estuary lowering with the ejection of soil to the outside of the system. It is connected with water supply facilities 3 and discharge sprinkler 5 and serves to ensure uniform distribution of water on the territory of the estuary, as well as the timely flow of water into the cracks and mole drains.

Gateway regulator 6 with relocation on discharge-sprinkler 5 is installed immediately outside the system and has the function of controlling the water regime, being in the closed state when the estuary is flooded and providing in the open mode the quick removal of excess irrigation water during emptying of estuary lands, as well as drainage in non-growing season.

A single-breasted collector groove 8 is cut at the end of the upper layer of the Arctic Ocean in front of the earthen camshaft with the earth being sprinkled onto the shaft and connected to the peripheral output groove 7. It has a depth of 0.5-0.7 m and serves to evenly distribute water over the surface of the estuary and timely discharge its excess, as well as to remove drainage.

The temporary drainage network is made in the form of crocodrains 9 with a depth of 0.3-0.6 m, the distance between which depends on the degree of salinization and soil salinization, as well as on irrigation technologies, and can range from 1.0 to 3.0 m. The mole drainage on the estuary with the mouth of the crotodren mouths into the discharge-irrigator, the outlet and collector grooves can significantly improve the water-physical properties of heavy soils (structure, moisture capacity, water permeability). The flooding process is also accelerated and the uniformity of saturation with moisture of the upper soil layer is increased, which reduces irrigation norms by 20-25%. The intensification of the filtration process contributes to a more active leaching from salts of the upper horizon of the soil. During the period of emptying the estuary from excessive irrigation water, 25 to 50% of the salts are removed from the territory with the help of mole drains and irrigation dump. This process continues in the non-growing season, when drainage flow is formed.

Another feature of the mole drainage device is that in the upper layer of the Arctic Ocean of this design it is arranged perpendicular to the collector groove 8 and should go into it and into the peripheral output groove 7. Such a scheme allows for more uniform humidification in this area of the system, as in area, and in depth, as well as an effective leaching regime and desalinization of the upper soil horizon.

The operation of the estuary irrigation system is as follows:

Water outlets 3 are opened and water from the inlet irrigation channel 1 enters the peripheral outlet groove 7 and the collector groove 8. The water outlets 4 on the earthen shafts 2 must be open except for the first tier, since water flows from the collector groove 8 to the first tier, and when open water outlet 4 is discharged to discharge-sprinkler 5. Gateway regulator 6 at the end of discharge-sprinkler 5 should be closed. Water, evenly spreading along the peripheral and collector grooves, begins to flow to the surface of the estuary, as well as to the mole drains simultaneously over the entire area of the estuary. After applying the estimated rate of flooding, the outlets 3 are closed, and the process of absorbing the supplied water into the soil is carried out. The duration of water standing is regulated depending on the type of planted vegetation. In a closed estuary lowering, belts are formed with a duration of water from 2 to 7 days (a), 7-15 (b), 15-20 (c), 20-30 (g), 30-40 (6) and more than 40 days (e). After the normative period of flooding, all the outlets 4 and the gateway regulator 6 are opened. There is a quick discharge of excess water and their discharge outside the system.

In order to more effectively combat soil salinization and salinization in the territory of the estuary irrigation system, it is equipped with a special device for the preparation of solutions of chemical ameliorants 10, located directly at the water supply structures 3, so that the reagent is mixed with irrigation water and its further distribution.

Thus, the proposed estuary irrigation system allows for a differentiated mode of moistening (disposable and reusable) with timely removal of excess water, as well as an intensive washing process of saline and saline estuary soils, enhanced by the use of chemical reclamation, which contributes to the creation of a normal environmental situation and the formation of a stable highly productive agromelio landscape , that is, it allows to stop and liquidate on lands subject to salinization and salinization to formulate these negative ecological processes, as well as to form highly productive forage lands with a yield of at least 4-8 t / ha of hay using the features of a closed lowering relief, which makes it possible to grow special types of agricultural crops adapted to moistening conditions on belts with different durations of flooding , and obtaining the maximum yield - several cuts of perennial grasses by ensuring optimal irrigation regime by organizing the required amount Olivier during the growing and making of mineral nutrition doses to achieve the planned level of productivity.

Claims (2)

1. The system of estuary irrigation, located in a closed lowering of the terrain, including a series of earthen water-retaining shafts (dams) with culvert regulating structures, dividing the total territory of the system into separate tiers, and a water supply source, characterized in that it is equipped with a local discharge-sprinkler, laid along the thalweg of the lowering bottom without filling the shafts with a slight slope from the upper tier shaft and going beyond the system through the gateway regulator, a single-breasted output channel is made along the lowering perimeter an avka, and at the end of the upper tier in front of the dividing shaft there is a collector groove, while a slit or mole drainage is cut perpendicular to the horizontal horizontals inside the tiers with the mouths of the slots or crotodren into the discharge-sprinkler, outlet and collector grooves. 2. The estuary irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that for a more effective fight against salinization and salinization, it is equipped with a device for dissolving and adding chemical meliorants to irrigation water.

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