RU2586332C1 - Eco-friendly and highly effective method for preparing solid fuel using organic waste with high water content and combine thermoelectric power system operating with fuel described - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel energy.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to clean and highly efficient method of producing solid fuel with the help of organic wastes with high water content, which includes: (a) step of waste mixing, when organic wastes with high content of water and solid domestic wastes are fed into Fe-based reactor and mixed; (b) step where the hydrolysis reactor on Fe-based high-temperature steam is fed for hydrolysis of the mixture; (c) a step of pressure reduction when steam from reactor is discharged and pressure inside the reactor is quickly to provide low-molecular weight organic wastes after step (b) or to increase the specific surface area of domestic wastes after step (b); (d) step of vacuum or differential pressure to remove water; and (e) step of producing solid fuel when reaction product after step (d) is subject to natural drying and compression pressing to produce solid fuel with water content from 10 to 20 %. Method also describes a combined system for production of electricity from fuel prepared as described above.

EFFECT: technical result consists in production of ecologically safe fuel.

9 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

[1] The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly and highly efficient method for producing solid fuels using organic waste with a high water content and to a combined thermoelectric system that uses this method with a noticeable reduction in unpleasant odor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[2] Organic waste, such as sewage sludge, animal waste, is typically treated using technologies such as incineration, fermentation, direct or indirect drying, etc. When burning, dioxin and a lot of harmful substances are formed, this method requires a large amount of energy supplied from outside, along with additional installation costs, so that the disadvantage of the aforementioned combustion method is its inefficiency. In addition, there is also a problem that during direct or indirect drying, a large amount of energy is required to reduce the water content from 80% to 15%, and during the drying process and after the drying process the solid fuel emits an unpleasant odor. In the case of fermentation, there are some problems - the formation of a large amount of unpleasant odor, the energy efficiency is low and it takes a lot of time to treat waste water. Marine discharge of sewage and animal waste has been prohibited since January 2012 on the basis of the entry into force of the relevant protocol. In addition, it is assumed that the marine discharge of food sediment from sewage that is generated during the processing of food waste will also be prohibited after January 2013.

[3] The technology for producing solid fuels is to recycle high-water organic waste into an energy source. In this case, it is necessary to lower the water content to less than 15%. Such a technological process for the processing of solid fuels is divided into drying and carbonization. In terms of total energy, drying is most preferred. The unpleasant odor generated during the drying process, as well as the unpleasant odor generated during storage and use of the resulting fuel, becomes problematic.

Description of the invention

[4] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly and highly efficient method for producing solid fuels using organic waste with a high water content, which can significantly reduce unpleasant odor.

[5] Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined thermoelectric system using solid fuel obtained using the above method.

Technical solution

[6] To achieve the above objectives, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an environmentally friendly and highly efficient method for producing solid fuels using high-water organic waste, including:

[7] (a) a waste mixing step in which high-water organic waste and municipal solid waste are fed to an Fe-based reactor and mixed; (b) a hydrolysis step, in which the pressure of the mixture of organic waste and municipal solid waste is increased by adding high-temperature steam to the reactor and stirring is performed under pressure, the mixture is hydrolyzed; (c) a pressure relief stage, in which the reactor is monitored to maintain its normal state after a sharp pressure drop inside the reactor by releasing steam from the reactor, and the mixture is crushed by depolymerization of organic waste processed in stage (b), or by increasing the specific the surface area of municipal solid waste treated in stage (b); (d) a vacuum or differential pressure step in which water is removed from the reagent treated in step (c) by creating a vacuum or differential pressure in the reactor; and (e) a solid fuel production step, which produces solid fuel with a water content of 10 ~ 20% by naturally drying the reagent treated in step (d).

[8]

[9] To achieve the above objectives, as another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined thermoelectric system using solid fuel obtained using the method described above.

Advantage effects

[10] The present invention is characterized in that solid fuel can be obtained by efficiently removing organic waste by drying internal water so that the destruction of organic substances and unpleasant odors under the influence of the energy of radical decomposition in the vapor phase and the activated peptone reaction Fe with catalyst by feeding high-content organic waste and municipal solid waste to the Fe-based reactor, mixing them and adding steam at high temperatures urine and pressure and, thus, provides a complete grinding and destruction of organic waste on the basis of a sharp release of pressure. In particular, the present invention makes it possible to obtain solid fuel for a short time due to a significant increase in drying efficiency so that undecomposed organic waste is depolymerized due to a sharp depressurization after steam is introduced at high temperature and pressure and that the specific surface area increases due to the swelling of solid household waste.

[11] In addition, the solid fuel obtained in accordance with the present invention can be used as a profitable energy source, which can replace fossil energy sources due to its high calorific value. Thus, electricity can be efficiently generated based on a combined thermoelectric generating system using the aforementioned energy source.

Brief Description of Drawings

[12] Figure 1 is a view illustrating a high water content organic waste treatment system in accordance with the present invention.

[13] Figure 2 is a curve of changes in the ionic product and changes in the permeability of water.

[fourteen]

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[15] The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly and highly efficient method for producing solid fuels using organic waste with a high water content, which makes it possible to efficiently dry internal water in organic waste so as to ensure the most effective destruction of organic substances and unpleasant odors using the energy of the decomposition of the radical in the vapor phase and the activated peptone reaction with the help of a Fe catalyst by feeding organic matter to the Fe-based reactor ble waste with a high water content and solid waste, mixing them and adding steam at a high temperature and pressure, thus ensuring full grinding and destruction of organic waste due to abrupt depressurization.

[16]

[17] The following is a detailed description of the present invention.

[18] The present invention relates to a method for producing solid fuels using high water organic waste, which comprises (a) a waste mixing step in which high water organic waste and municipal solid waste are fed to a Fe-based reactor and mixed ; (b) a hydrolysis step, in which the pressure of the mixture of organic waste and municipal solid waste is increased by adding high-temperature steam to the reactor and stirring is performed under pressure, the mixture is hydrolyzed; (c) a pressure relief stage, in which the reactor is monitored to maintain its normal state after a sharp pressure drop inside the reactor by releasing steam from the reactor, and the mixture is crushed by depolymerization of organic waste processed in stage (b), or by increasing the specific the surface area of municipal solid waste treated in stage (b); (d) a vacuum or differential pressure step in which water is removed from the reagent treated in step (c) by creating a vacuum or differential pressure in the reactor; and (e) a solid fuel production step, which produces solid fuel with a water content of 10-20% by naturally drying the reagent treated in step (d).

[19] In the present invention, step (a) is a step in which high water organic waste and municipal solid waste are fed to a Fe-based reactor and mixed. High-water organic waste is one or at least one type of waste selected from the group consisting of livestock waste, sewage sludge and food waste, and contains more than 80% water, and municipal solid waste preferably contains waste of the type paper and plastic. Each type of municipal solid waste containing paper and plastic and having an increased specific surface area reacts upon swelling with organic waste that has been depolymerized by depressurizing at the depressurization stage, therefore, drying efficiency can be maximized. Since there are solid household waste based on plastic, which is a type of petroleum-based organic matter, the low calorific value of the resulting solid fuel can be increased. Preferably, municipal solid waste contains 50-55 mass. % paper and 40-45 wt. % plastic.

[20] In step (a), it is preferable that high water organic waste and municipal solid waste are supplied and mixed in a ratio of 3.5-4: 0.5-1. In addition, it is more preferable that high-water organic waste and municipal solid waste are fed into the reactor and mixed at a filling ratio of 70-90%. Since steam can be supplied from outside the reactor at high temperature and pressure, even though the waste to be treated is fed into the reactor at such a high feed rate, and a contact reaction with saturated steam can be maintained, the reaction efficiency can be increased by the highest working productivity of the waste.

[21] In the present invention, step (b) is a step in which the pressure of a mixture of organic waste and municipal solid waste is increased by supplying high temperature steam to the reactor and the resulting mixture is stirred under pressure and hydrolyzed. Substances belonging to organic waste decompose and depolymerize under pressure, and the unpleasant odor containing sulfuric acid disappears, so that the water content in organic waste can be significantly reduced due to the high temperature, while the unpleasant odor is eliminated. At this point, it is preferable that the mixture can be mixed and a hydrolysis reaction is carried out after creating an internal pressure of the reactor of 20-25 atm by supplying steam to the reactor at a temperature of 200-250 ° C. Figure 2 shows the change in the ionic product ([H +] [OH-] and the change in the dielectric constant of water. As shown in Figure 2, the reaction of the ionic product is most active at a temperature of 200-250 ° C and exhibits 1000 times higher activity compared to with room temperature, since the permeability decreases to 1 / 3-1 / 4 compared to room temperature, a potential difference arises between the ions, which will increase the efficiency of decomposition of organic matter if it is below the range of the above temperature and yes Lenia difficult to obtain the desired effect, and when it is above the aforementioned range of temperature and pressure, energy loss may occur.

[22] In step (b) of the present invention, since the steam is supplied using a boiler connected to the reactor, the organic waste in the reactor contacts the steam from the boiler and physically and chemically reacts, which significantly increases the efficiency of the reaction without any procedure, when water is converted to high temperature water so that it is sprayed in direct contact with low temperature organic waste. In addition, since steam is supplied from an external boiler, nothing happens when it reacts with high temperature water, so that the reaction can be maintained even with an increase in the amount of waste. And, therefore, the mixture of waste to be processed is loaded up to 70-90% of the reactor, thus causing a reaction based on contact with steam.

[23] Since hydrolysis takes place inside the Fe-based reactor, the reaction efficiency can be significantly improved due to the reaction of the Fe catalyst, in particular, an activated peptone reaction in the zone occupied by saturated steam in the reactor, and an 1-2 mm organic membrane is formed on the inside of the reactor the basis of the process and the operation of the reactor, so that any corrosion caused by NaCl, etc. can be prevented.

[24] Step (c) of the present invention is a step in which the reactor is monitored to maintain its normal state after a sharp pressure drop inside the reactor by releasing steam from the reactor, so that the organic waste treated in step (b) is depolymerized or occurs an increase in the specific surface area of municipal solid waste treated in stage (b); and municipal solid waste is crushed, more specifically, step (c) is a step in which in a reagent in which pressure has been raised using high-temperature steam, the pressure is sharply relieved and the volume is increased, thus, reagent depolymerization or reagent crushing takes place. Since there is a sharp increase in the volume of municipal solid waste in the form of raw materials due to a sharp depressurization, and the specific surface area increases, the drying time can be shortened due to the fact that such municipal solid waste reacts with organic matter containing water and dries, thus significantly increases the drying efficiency. At this point, it is preferable that the pressure drops sharply, and the pressure of the medium can become 0.9-1.1 atm due to the release of steam inside the reactor within 10-120 seconds.

[25] Furthermore, step (d) of the present invention is a step in which moisture is removed from the reagent treated in step (c) by creating a vacuum or differential pressure in the reactor. Preferably, 5-10% moisture is removed from the reagent treated in step (c) by creating a vacuum or differential pressure for 10-15 minutes in the reactor using a vacuum pump connected to the reactor.

[26] Furthermore, step (e) of the present invention is a step in which the reagent treated in step (d) is naturally dried to produce a solid fuel in which the water content is 10-20%. It is preferable that a solid fuel is obtained having a low calorific value higher than 5000 kcal / kg.

[27]

[28] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a combined thermoelectric generating system using solid fuel obtained using the method described above. Namely, the present invention proposes a combined thermoelectric generating system, characterized in that solid fuel (RDF) is obtained from organic waste with a high water content and municipal solid waste, and superheated steam is obtained by supplying solid fuel to a solid fuel burner and a boiler , and electricity can be generated using a steam-based power generation system that uses superheated steam.

[29]

[30] Next, the present invention will be described in more detail together with an illustrative embodiment.

[31]

[32] Options for implementation.

[33] Option exercise 1.

[34] A batch reactor was made of Fe material, 5 m ³ in size. As fast as possible, 3.5 tons of animal waste were loaded into the reactor, in which the water content was 80-85%, and 0.5-1 tons of paper municipal solid waste (MSW), the inlet at the top of the reactor was closed. After loading was completed, livestock and solid waste were mixed, steam was added at 210 ° C to create an internal pressure of 23 atm in the reactor. At this time, the saturated steam or superheated steam that arrived reached the reaction state for about 3-5 minutes in a special boiler for supplying steam in the upper part of the previously prepared reactor, so that the steam supply was stopped. The supplied steam and target waste were mixed at a speed of 10-15 rpm so that the supplied steam and target waste reacted physically and chemically. When the reaction reached a state below a predetermined temperature and pressure during the reaction, saturated steam or superheated steam was periodically applied to maintain a pressure of 23 atm at 210 ° C. The above-described regime was maintained for 30-60 minutes depending on the physical properties of the processing object in order to provide a sufficient peptone reaction based on the action of the catalyst with the help of steam, an organic substance being processed and an iron-based reactor.

[35] Further, the organic matter and the organic element or MSW that did not decompose during the above reaction were depolymerized or crushed by the rapid release of steam through the steam outlet at the opening of the pressure reducing valve until the pressure became atmospheric (1 atm) per 2 minutes. About 5-10% of the total volume of the reactant water was removed by creating a vacuum (differential pressure) for about 10-15 minutes using an external vacuum (differential pressure) pump to remove water from the reactant in the reactor under high vacuum or differential pressure after the processes of depolymerization and grinding of the reagent. The resulting product after the reaction was transferred to a place of natural drying and dried under natural conditions, as a result, a final solid fuel with a water content of 15% was obtained.

[36]

[37] Comparative Example 1.

[38] Solid fuel was obtained by the method in accordance with the first illustrative embodiment, in which solid fuel was obtained without the addition of municipal solid waste (MSW).

[39]

[40] Comparative Example 2.

[41] Solid fuel was obtained by the method in accordance with the first illustrative embodiment, in which solid fuel was obtained without performing a quick pressure relief process by releasing steam after increasing pressure.

[42]

[43] Experiment and result.

[44] Changes in the amount of water content based on the time of receipt (drying time) of the solid fuel in accordance with the above illustrative embodiment was measured using untreated waste with a high water content and comparative examples 1 and 2 as a control group, the measurement result is shown in Table 1 .

[46] As can be seen from Table 1, in the case of comparative example 1, when the treatment was carried out without municipal solid waste, the treatment showed almost the same drying speed as for waste with a high water content that was not treated. This result, obviously, is given by the fact that the reagent entered the phase of the gel state due to the depolymerization of organic substances and an external drop in the level of molecules, so that only the water located on the upper part of the gel evaporated, and the water on the lower part of the gel did not evaporate. In the case of comparative example 2, when the processing was carried out without the process of abrupt pressure relief, it was confirmed that the drying speed during the implementation in vivo did not change, since the rate of increase in the specific surface was low. In the case of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a water content of about 10% was reached after 20 hours, which indicates that the efficiency of producing solid fuels is very high.

[47] As a result, it can be argued that the time before the water content did not become equal to 10% due to the processes of abrupt depressurization and the creation of vacuum by adding municipal solid waste was reduced by more than 2 times.

[48]

[49] In addition, the following is the analysis result with respect to the phases of the municipal solid waste used in embodiment 1 and comparative example 2.

[51] Furthermore, by measuring the calorific value of the solid fuel obtained in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the solid fuel obtained in accordance with Comparative Example 1, in the case of Embodiment 1, when the municipal solid waste was added, the average the calorific value of 5,000 kcal / kg, which is 500 kcal / kg higher than in comparative example 1. Namely, it is obvious that the drying rate increased, since the specific surface area increased with a sharp pressure dew paper due to the content over 50% and over 40% of plastic in municipal solid waste, and the calorific value of the solid obtained due to increased plasticity which is an organic substance is oil-based. The average calorific value is shown in Table 3 (unit: kcal / kg).

[52]

[54]

[55] Since the present invention can be embodied in several forms without departing from the essence or main characteristics of the invention, it should also be understood that the above examples are not limited to any details of the foregoing description, unless otherwise indicated, but rather should be interpreted broadly within the essence and scope of the invention, as defined in the attached patent claims, and, therefore, all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the requirements and boundaries of the patent claims, or equivalents thereof requirements and boundaries should be covered by the attached claims.

Claims (9)

1. An environmentally friendly and highly efficient method for producing solid fuels using organic waste with a high water content, including:
(a) a waste mixing step in which high-water organic waste and municipal solid waste are fed to a Fe-based reactor and mixed;
(b) a hydrolysis step, in which the pressure of the mixture of organic waste and municipal solid waste is increased by adding high-temperature steam to the reactor and stirring is performed under pressure, the mixture is hydrolyzed;
(c) a pressure relief stage, in which the reactor is monitored to maintain its normal state after a sharp pressure drop inside the reactor by releasing steam from the reactor, and the mixture is crushed by depolymerization of organic waste processed in stage (b), or by increasing the specific the surface area of municipal solid waste treated in stage (b);
(d) a vacuum or differential pressure step in which water is removed from the reagent treated in step (c) by creating a vacuum or differential pressure in the reactor; and
(e) a step for producing solid fuel, which produces solid fuel with a water content of 10-20% by naturally drying the reagent processed in step (d). 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in stage (a) the high-water waste is one or more types of waste selected from animal waste, sewage sludge and food waste, with a water content of more than 80%, and municipal solid waste contains paper and plastic. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that in stage (a) waste with a high water content and municipal solid waste are supplied in a ratio of 3.5-4: 0.5-1 and mixed. 4. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that in stage (a), high-water wastes and municipal solid waste are fed in a ratio of 70-90% to the Fe-based reactor and mixed. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in stage (b) the pressure of the mixture of organic waste and municipal solid waste is increased until the internal pressure in the reactor reaches 20-25 atm by adding steam with a temperature of 200-250 ° C to the reactor using a boiler connected to the reactor. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at stage (c) the pressure is sharply reset to 0.9-1.1 atm due to the release of steam from the reactor within 10-120 seconds. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at stage (d) the condition of vacuum or differential pressure is provided in the reactor for 10-15 minutes using a vacuum pump connected to the reactor, thereby removing 5-10% of water from the reagent processed in stage (c). 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the solid fuel obtained in stage (e) has a low calorific value of more than 5000 kcal / kg 9. A combined thermoelectric system in which electricity is generated using superheated steam obtained by supplying solid fuel to the reactor, characterized in that the solid fuel is produced using the method according to any one of claims. 1-8.

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