CN109943380A - A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method and manufacturing device - Google Patents
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method and manufacturing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109943380A CN109943380A CN201910133255.8A CN201910133255A CN109943380A CN 109943380 A CN109943380 A CN 109943380A CN 201910133255 A CN201910133255 A CN 201910133255A CN 109943380 A CN109943380 A CN 109943380A
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- solid fuel
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- waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method and manufacturing device, wherein solid fuel manufacturing method, comprising the following steps: A, bio-waste, plastic refuse are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；D, the mixture in step A is imported into the process container in step C；E, 180-210 DEG C is imported into process container and be no more than the overheated steam of Saturated water vapor pressure, hydrolyzable.Place that purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art provides and a kind of generates high-quality from biomass castoff and plastic refuse and to the fuel making method of the lesser solid fuel of environmental pressure.Correspondingly, another object of the present invention, which provides, a kind of prepares manufacturing device used in above-mentioned solid fuel process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste field of garbage disposal, and in particular to a kind of to use biomass castoff and plastic refuse system
The method for making solid fuel；Used manufacturing device during preparing above-mentioned solid fuel that the invention further relates to a kind of.
Background technique
The calorific value of solid waste, especially plastic refuse and biomass castoff can be comparable with coal, is latent
Energy source.Solid waste why not by widely be used as the energy is used, be because of (1) solid waste be mixed with it is more
Kind substance, such as food waste, muck, plastics, woodwork, metal, textile fabric, rubber, ceramics, glass, dust, stone are inflammable
Glass or metal etc., and these substances are difficult to be separated；(2) solid waste contains moisture, these moisture are primarily present in
In food or debirs, to reduce value of the solid waste as the energy；(3) solid waste contains potential nuisance
Matter, such as PVC containing chlorine, when solid waste as fuel in use, chlorine is likely to be converted under certain condition two hypertoxic evils
English.
Firstly, since the different chemical composition and structures of various biomass and plastics, compounding substances are difficult by effective
Processing is converted to energy.Biomass is the polymer of a kind of 5 carbon and 1 oxygen ring, itself does not simultaneously contain potential nuisance
Matter, but wood acid or tar are easily generated in thermal cracking processes.On the other hand, it is similar to regular fuel, plastics are by hydrogeneous
Carbochain composition, but contain potential harmful substance in certain plastics, such as PVC containing chlorine.Hot tearing how is incinerated, combustion how is handled
Exhaust gas and dust after burning, are different for every kind of substance.If the municipal solid containing potentially harmful substance given up
Object (MSW) or clinical waste are used as fuel, and not damage to the environment, then due to depositing after its own complexity and burning
In newly generated noxious material, the processing of later period exhaust gas and dust is very troublesome.
In addition, the moisture content in solid waste is very high, these moisture mostly come from food and debirs, this makes
Various substances stick together, and are difficult to be separated.And when burning and pyrolytic waste, these high-moistures are due to that will be vaporized into
Water vapour and consume more energy.Importantly, the moisture in food waste is present in the cell wall of biological structure (such as
Vegetables, meat etc.), outside heating method is difficult to be baked to.Residual derivatived fuel is being extracted from municipal solid waste (MSW)
In common method, municipal solid waste (MSW) is dried with about 600 degree of hot vapour, this just needs additional energy to add
Hot atmosphere is to make up to temperature high in this way.Directly burn or pyrolytic these contain the waste of high-moisture, cannot generate
The conversion ratio of the high-temperature flue gas of power generation, energy is very low.It is converted to the factory of electric energy in municipal solid waste (MSW), usually
Waste is directly lost in stove, the energy conversion rate of such way is lower than 20%, generally between 10-15%.This is because
The flue gas of low temperature makes energy conversion rate in steam turbine generator lower.
1985, Halloway described a kind of for public institute in the U.S. patent documents of Patent No. US0454095
The method of well known processing solid waste.This method is that solid waste such as municipal solid waste (MSW), is being greater than 270 Fahrenheits
It spends (132 degrees Celsius), is heat-treated in the steam less than 320 degrees Fahrenheits (160 degrees Celsius), to recombinate or change solid waste
Original characteristic.
The prior art discloses with steam injection the method for heating solid waste.What is certain is that solid is given up
Object is softened in the steam more than 130 degree, thus it is possible to vary its characteristic simultaneously carries out disinfection.But there is no solve for the prior art
Certainly in solid waste harmful substance processing problem, such as PVC containing chlorine, the heavy metal etc. in coating and ink pigment.If no
These potential deleterious materials and chemical substance are eliminated, solid waste can generate such as dioxin one in heating and regrouping process
The harmful chemical substance of sample is in the offgas or water-soluble heavy metallic salt is in dust.
Disclosing in special open 2007-112880 bulletin will be processed mixed equipped with biomass castoff and plastic refuse
The container for closing object is immersed in the high-temperature water such as 200 DEG C or more of subcritical water, and will be forced into 1.55MPa or more in container, is made
Mixture hydrolyzable.However in the fuel making method recorded in above-mentioned document, mixture processed is to immerse liquid water
Hydrolyzable under state, and biomass castoff is different with the specific gravity of plastic refuse, can be separated into upper layer and lower layer in water,
The fuel generated is set the problem of uneven composition and low quality occur.In addition, in the fuel making method recorded in above-mentioned document,
The ingredient of a part of biomass castoff is dissolved in water, make generate fuel occur low quality and high-enriched organics draining ask
Topic.
Summary of the invention
Place that purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art provides a kind of from biomass castoff and modeling
Expect to generate high-quality in waste and to the fuel making method of the lesser solid fuel of environmental pressure.
Correspondingly, another object of the present invention provides a kind of prepare and manufactures dress used in above-mentioned solid fuel process
It sets.
For freezing the method for standby above-mentioned solid fuel, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following scheme:
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, the mixture in step A is imported into the process container in step C；
E, 180-210 DEG C is imported into process container and be no more than the overheated steam of Saturated water vapor pressure, hydrolyzable.
Do not have to for the mixture of biomass castoff and plastic refuse composition being immersed in liquid water in the present invention, but
Be placed in 180 DEG C -210 DEG C and be no more than Saturated water vapor pressure overheated steam under hydrolyzable, prevent biomass castoff with
Plastic refuse separates in water, while the fractions for being also prevented from biomass castoff generation high-enriched organics soluble in water
Draining, produce high-quality and to the lesser solid fuel of environmental pressure.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, by bio-waste, plastic refuse in step A
After being mutually mixed together, water-absorbent material is added, is uniformly mixed, obtains mixture.
It in the present invention joined water-absorbent material in processed mixture, can be absorbed and contain in biomass castoff
The moisture that moisture and the superheated vapor condensation generated when moisture, processed mixture hydrolyzable generates avoids processed mixed
It closes object to be immersed in liquid water, to produce the solid fuel of high quality.
As the further improvement of water-absorbent material of the present invention, the content of the water-absorbent material is biomass castoff weight
30-60%.Water-absorbent material is not that the moisture for generating superheated vapor condensation fully absorbs, but absorbs water to a certain range, is prevented
Only mixture processed is immersed in liquid water.
As the further improvement of water-absorbent material of the present invention, the water-absorbent material is sawdust, waste paper, plant leaf or water suction
The mixture of one or more of property porous material.
As solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention another kind improve, in step D by step A mixture and
Calcium hydroxide is imported into the process container in step C.Since calcium hydroxide is added into processed mixture, it is possible to
The combustion furnace of container and buring solid fuel when preventing mixture processed from carrying out hydrolyzable is corroded, and can with it is processed
The chlorine atom contained in mixture is captured as calcium chloride, and solid fuel is made to become clean fuel.And because when manufacturing solid fuel
It joined calcium hydroxide in mixture processed, formability of the solid fuel when being solidified into particle can be improved.
As the further improvement of solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention, the content of the calcium hydroxide is the weight of mixture
The 0.2-0.5wt% of amount.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, using the overheat of water vapor pressure saturation in step E
Vapor, since the pressure of superheated vapour reaches saturated vapor pressure, the mistake that overheated steam generating means generate
Hot steam can directly enable mixture hydrolyzable processed, improve the efficiency of mixture hydrolyzable processed.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, and is less than saturation vapour pressure and at least using pressure
The overheated steam of low 0.1-0.15MPa.Since the pressure of overheated steam is to be less than saturation vapour pressure and at least low
0.15MPa, so the liquefied situation of overheated steam can not made to order mixture hydrolyzable processed, even if processing is held
Pressure in device is uncontrolled, unstable rising when, it can also liquefy to avoid overheated steam.In addition, working as mixing processed
When the water content of object is higher, by the pressure of overheated steam be set to it is 0.1MPa-0.15MPa lower than saturation vapor pressure i.e.
It can.When the pressure of overheated steam, which is set in, is only below Saturated water vapor pressure 0.15MPa, can both change in this pressure limit
Pressure, can also be maintained constant value by the pressure for becoming overheated steam without modification.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, the bio-waste, plastic refuse, water suction
Material, calcium hydroxide size be 30mm or less.Size because constituting each substance of mixture processed is 30mm hereinafter, institute
Can prevent mixture processed from clumping together, overheated steam can be improved to the permeability of mixture processed, it can be in the short time
Inside produce the solid fuel of high-quality.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, and the content of the plastic refuse is useless for biomass
The 10-60% of object weight.
As plastic refuse of the present invention into a kind of improvement, stating plastic refuse is by polyethylene, polystyrene, poly- third
The plastic refuse that one or more mixtures of alkene, polyester or Corvic are constituted；Such as packing container, family
The plastic materials such as motor casing, packaging material and goods, materials and equipments.
Another kind as solid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention improves, and the biomass waste is house refuse, food
One or both of waste, the excrement of poultry, sewage sludge, agriculture residues, aquatic products industry residue Hu wood wastes with
On mixture.
For manufacturing device, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following scheme,
A kind of manufacturing device preparing solid fuel, it is characterised in that: include process container, in the process container
It is connected with feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism includes storage box, feed pipe is equipped between the storage box and process container,
Charging ball valve is equipped on the feed pipe, the storage box is connected with mixing machine, and stirring is equipped in the process container
Axis, energy can be externally provided in the process container to the stirring body that process container material is stirred by being equipped on the agitating shaft
The stirring motor of agitating shaft rotation is driven, the stirring motor is connected with agitating shaft, is connected with hydrogen in the process container
Calcium oxide supplies machine, further includes having that the steam delivery device for conveying superheated steam in process container, the steam conveying can be filled
Setting includes steam transmitter, and the steam transmitter is connected with overheated machine by appendix, the venthole of the overheated machine
It is connected by steam delivery tube with process container, is equipped with discharge outlet and drain valve in the process container lower part, holds in the processing
Condenser is connected with by connecting tube on device, switch valve is equipped in the connecting tube, piping is equipped on the condenser,
The process container is equipped with pressure sensor and temperature sensor, further includes having control device, the pressure sensor, temperature
Sensor, steam transmitter, stirring motor are connected with control device respectively.
In conclusion the present invention compared with the existing technology the beneficial effect is that:
One, preparation method of the present invention, simple process, without mixing biomass castoff with the processed of plastic refuse
Object is immersed in liquid water, and be placed in 180 DEG C -210 DEG C and be no more than Saturated water vapor pressure overheated steam under plus moisture
Solution, prevents biomass castoff from separating in water with plastic refuse, while the fractions for being also prevented from biomass castoff are molten
Yu Shuizhong generates the draining of high-enriched organics, produces high-quality and to the lesser solid fuel of environmental pressure.
Two, it joined water-absorbent material in mixture processed in preparation method of the present invention, it is discarded that biomass can be absorbed
The moisture that moisture and the superheated vapor condensation generated when the moisture that contains in object, mixture hydrolyzable processed generates, avoids
Mixture processed is immersed in liquid water, to produce the solid fuel of high quality.
Three, since calcium hydroxide is added into mixture processed in preparation method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent from being located
Container and the combustion furnace of buring solid fuel when reason mixture carries out hydrolyzable are corroded, and can in mixture processed
The chlorine atom contained is captured as calcium chloride, and solid fuel is made to become clean fuel.And it because manufactures processed mixed when solid fuel
Closing in object joined calcium hydroxide, and formability of the solid fuel when being solidified into particle can be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of manufacturing device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of fluid fuel manufacturing method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to detailed description drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described:
As described in Figure 1, the present invention prepares the manufacturing device of solid fuel, includes process container 104, in the processing
Container 104 is connected with feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism includes storage box 102, in the storage box 102 and process container
It is equipped with feed pipe between 104, charging ball valve 103 is equipped on the feed pipe, the storage box 102 is connected with mixing machine 101
It connects, agitating shaft 105 is equipped in the process container 104, being equipped on the agitating shaft 105 can be to 104 material of process container
The stirring body 105a being stirred is externally provided with the stirring motor 106 that agitating shaft 105 can be driven to rotate in the process container 104,
The stirring motor 106 is connected with agitating shaft 105, and calcium hydroxide supply machine 113 is connected in the process container 104,
Further include have can in process container 104 convey superheated steam steam delivery device, the steam delivery device include steam
Vapour transmitter 112, the steam transmitter 112 are connected with overheated machine 112a by appendix, and the overheated machine 112a's goes out
Steam ports is connected by steam delivery tube with process container 104, is equipped with discharge outlet 104a and drain valve in 104 lower part of process container
111, condenser 114 is connected with by connecting tube in the process container 104, switch valve is equipped in the connecting tube
114a is equipped with piping 115a on the condenser 114, pressure sensor 108 and temperature is equipped in the process container 104
Sensor 107 further includes having control device 120, the pressure sensor 108, temperature sensor 107, steam transmitter 112,
Stirring motor 106 is connected with control device 120 respectively.
The concrete composition of device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 of the present invention is as described below:
Device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 of the present invention equipped with 101. mixing machine 101 of mixing machine be receive by biomass waste and
The treated object that plastic refuse is constituted, and the machinery that mixture processed is generated after these wastes are mutually stirred is set
It is standby.It is specific as follows.It is furnished with the complex root cylinder of rotatable stirring in the metal container of 101 upper opening of mixing machine.In this reality
It applies in example, operating personnel is manually operable mixing machine 101, can also be operated as what is described below with control device 120.Mixing machine
101 bottoms are equipped with the outlet that mixture processed is discharged, and outlet downstream side is equipped with storage box 102.
Storage box 102 is the container for temporarily storing the mixture processed generated by mixer 101.Specifically,
Storage box 102 is equipped with outlet, mixture processed can be discharged from the made of metal container bottom of upper opening.This storage box
102 are connect by being located at the ball valve 103 of above-mentioned outlet with process container 104.Ball valve 103 is to adjust to enter processing
The hand-operated valve of the mixture capacity processed of container 104.
Process container 104 is to manufacture into for hydrolyzable mixed processing object with fluid tight and air-tightness cylinder
The container of traverse.Here hydrolyzable refers in treated object (referring to mixture processed in this embodiment example) that water plays
Act on the decomposition reaction generated.Therefore, process container 104 is using treatment temperature (this reality that can bear mixture processed
Apply in example be about 180 DEG C -210 DEG C) and processing pressure (in this embodiment example be less than saturated steam air pressure, about in 1MPa-
Material 1.9MPa) is made such as stainless steel.
The bottom center of this process container 104 is equipped with outlet 104a.Outlet 104a is in order to freely take out
The mixed processed material of hydrolyzable in process container 104 and the opening position designed.This outlet 104a takes the one of bottom
Part is designed to open downwards, the construction closed upwards.In addition, in Fig. 1, the open state dotted line table of outlet 104a
Show.
Blender 105, temperature sensor 107, pressure sensor 108, safety valve 110 are respectively provided in process container 104
And drain valve 111.In addition, supplying machine 113 and condenser with steam generation facility 112, calcium hydroxide respectively outside process container 104
114 connections.
Blender 105 is for the mixed processed material in stir process container 104, the made of metal extended by horizontal direction
Multiple stirring body 105a compositions are equipped in the peripheral surface of (such as stainless steel material) axis body.Stirring body 105a is for stir process
The part of mixed processed material in container 104, the tabular metal material upheld from above-mentioned axis body surface to radial outside is (such as
Stainless steel material) plate body constitute.Only there are thin between the point of this stirring body 105a and the inner wall of process container 104
Small gap pulverizes stirring physical efficiency by mixed processing object.
In other words, in this embodiment example, stirring body 105a stirs the mixed processed material importeding into process container 104
It mixes and pulverizes.And blender 105 only needs to stir, and is not necessarily required to pulverize the mixed processed material in process container 104.Therefore,
Stirring body 105a may be designed as stick-like.Blender 105 is driven by stirring prime mover 106.
Stirring prime mover 106 is the outside for being fixed on a side surface (being illustrated as left lateral sides) of process container 104
Motor, and its operation is controlled by control device 120, will pass through stirring 106 revolution driving of prime mover.
Temperature sensor 107 is for detecting the electric signal for being output to control device 120, this electric signal and process container
Temperature is corresponding in 104, can be made of thermistor or thermocouple etc..In addition, as long as temperature sensor is capable of detecting when to handle
Temperature in container 104, also it doesn't matter for the detector being just made at last with the electronic component other than thermistor or thermocouple.Pressure
Force snesor 108 is output to control device 120, electric signal corresponding with pressure in process container 104 for detecting, can be by quiet
The detector of the modes such as capacitance mode or piezoelectric type is constituted.As long as in addition pressure sensor can detect in process container 104
Pressure, it is possible to use the detector other than electrostatic capacity or piezoelectric type.
Safety valve 110 is the breakage of process container 104 in order to prevent and designs.When in the pressure in process container 104
When rising to institute's constant-pressure, safety valve will be opened, below the pressure in process container 104 to institute's constant-pressure.This feelings
Under condition, safety valve 110 is configured to when the pressure in process container 104 reaches the maximum pressure allowed in process container 104
The overheated steam in process container 104 is discharged.
Drain valve 111 is installed in the bottom of process container 104, (main for the liquid saved bit by bit in process container 104 to be discharged
It is water).
Steam generation facility 112 is to the boiler plant for supplying 180 DEG C of -210 DEG C of overheated steams in process container 104.
This steam generation facility 112 is to be controlled to operate by control device 120, not only can produce 180 DEG C -210 DEG C
Overheated steam, the overheated steam less than 180 DEG C or greater than 210 DEG C can also generate.In addition, steam generation facility 112 is logical
Piping is crossed to connect with overheated machine 112a.
Overheated machine 112a is the heating device for the overheated steam reheating for generating steam generation facility 112, by matching
It sets the electrically-heated coil on the outside of piping to constitute, the overheated steam that piping is generated for flowing steam generating device 112.Overheated machine
112a is connect by piping with process container 104.I.e. steam generation facility 112 is connected by overheated machine 112a and process container 104
It connects.As a result, superheater 112a can will while the pressure for keeping the superheated steam generated by steam generator 112 is constant again
It only improves temperature and is supplied to process container 104.That is, overheated machine 112a can be supplied lower than Saturated water vapor pressure
Superheated vapour.Overheated machine 112a is controlled by control device 120 and is operated.
Calcium hydroxide supply machine 113 is the mechanical equipment that calcium hydroxide is supplied to process container 104.Calcium hydroxide supplies machine 113
Mainly by being responsible for adjustment calcium hydroxide in the piping and piping of the magazine of storage calcium hydroxide, connection magazine and process container 104
The switch valve of supply forms.In the present embodiment, operating personnel is manually operable calcium hydroxide supply machine 113, can also pass through control
Device 120 processed controls.
Freezing machine 114 is that the vapor being discharged in process container 104 is used as refrigerant come the mechanical equipment condensed, is passed through
Piping is connected to the top of process container 104.In this case, in the piping that process container 104 and freezing machine 114 connect,
Equipped with the manual switch valve 114a for adjusting vapor flow size in process container 104.This freezing machine 114 is, in this implementation
In form, operating personnel is manually operable freezing machine 114, can also be controlled by control device 120.
In addition, respectively connected piping 115a and 115b in freezing machine 114, piping 115a leads to for being aerated condensation
The aeration tank (not shown) of liquid (water), 115b lead to for remove the vapor that could not be condensed except stink deodorization device
(not shown).Since aeration tank and deodorization device are unrelated to the invention, the description thereof will be omitted herein.
The microprocessor that control device 120 is made of hardware such as CPU, ROM, RAM is instructed equipped with inputting for operating personnel
Input unit (not shown) and display device (no figure of 100 function situation of device for manufacturing solid fuel is checked for operating personnel
Show).Control device 120 is previously stored in the program in the memory bars such as ROM by execution operating personnel to control steam generation dress
The operation for setting each positions such as 112, superheater 112a and freezing machine 114, by mixed processing object hydrolyzable.In this case, it controls
Device 120 processed controls steam generation facility 112 and the operating of superheater 112a by the detection signal of temperature sensor 107, makes
Temperature in process container 104 maintains in set temperature.
It is the specific method that solid fuel is prepared using device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 of the present invention below:
Solid fuel autofrettage the step of progress of the device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 of above-mentioned construction will be used in the present invention
Explanation.The mixed processing object as solid fuel raw material is generated in first step first.Specifically, operating personnel needs to prepare
Biomass waste, plastic refuse and water-absorbent material.In this case, biomass waste is to refer generally to average family or enterprise
The house refuse etc. of middle generation.Plastic refuse is the plastics glue volume and container for referring generally to generate in average family or enterprise
Deng.
In this case, biomass waste and plastic refuse preferably individually prepare, but with plastics packed box
The biomass wastes such as meal and dessert and plastic refuse form integrated can also be used.In addition, with moisture content biomass waste
Fresh weight is standard, and ideal plastic refuse should be the 10%-60% of biomass waste original weight, it may be more desirable to 15%-
40%.
On the other hand, water-absorbent material is, primarily to, the moisture come out from biomass waste is absorbed, at the same time,
Also it absorbs the sawdusts such as the liquid water, such as sawdust for being supplied to the superheated steam of mixture processed to generate by condensation and can make
With old paper, the organic matters such as the branches and leaves of plant.In addition, the water absorbing porous that water-absorbent material can also be made into resin materials such as sponges
Material is made.The amount of water-absorbent material can suitably determine according to the water contained in biomass waste, but in the biomass of foodstuff
In waste, relative to the original weight of biomass castoff, preferably 30% or more and 60% or less.
Next, biomass waste, plastic refuse and water-absorbent material are mixed.It comprises the concrete steps that, operating personnel will give birth to
After substance waste, plastic refuse and water-absorbent material investment mixing machine 101, starts mixing machine 101, make biomass waste, plastics
Waste and water-absorbent material are mutually mixed together.By above step, mixing machine 101 is by biomass waste, plastic refuse
And water-absorbent material is mixed into mixture processed.That is, this mixing biomass waste, plastic refuse and water-absorbent material
The step of correspond to mixture preparation step of the invention.
Then, operating personnel operates mixing machine 101, and mixed processing object is discharged to storage tank 102.It is generated in this mixture
In step, it is best that the size (granularity) of biomass waste and plastic wastes is crushed to 30mm or less by mixing machine 101.Cause
This can be installed broken to make the size of biomass waste and plastic wastes be less than 30mm in the leading portion or back segment of mixing machine 101
The size of biomass waste or plastic wastes is reduced to 30mm or less by broken machine.
Next, operating personnel preheats process container 104 as second step.The preheating step of process container 104
Refer to before importing mixture to be processed in process container 104, the temperature in process container 104 is heated to mixed processing
The treatment temperature of object or the heating operation of similar temperature.It comprises the concrete steps that, first by the power switch of device for manufacturing solid fuel 100
It is (not shown) to open.Then, control device 120 can execute control program (not shown), into wait operating personnel instruction to
Machine state.In addition, outlet 104a, drain valve 111 and switch valve 114a are closed respectively again.
Next, operating personnel indicates that steam generation facility 112 generates overheated steam by control device 120.At this moment,
Operating personnel indicates the heating temperature in process container 104 by control device 120.Here, the temperature in process container 104 is answered
It is heated to the treatment temperature or similar temperature of mixture processed.In the present embodiment, operating personnel should pass through control device 120
Temperature is heated to 200 DEG C in instruction process container 104.
In response to the instruction, steam generation facility 112 generates overheated steam according to instruction and is output to process container 104
In.Therefore, it is full of the overheated steam generated by steam generation facility 112 in process container 104 and is heated.At this moment, it handles
Temperature and pressure in container 104 are shown on the display apparatus by the detection signal of temperature sensor 107 and pressure sensor 108
It shows and, control device 120 controls the mistake of the generation of steam generation facility 112 using the detection signal of temperature sensor 107 respectively
The temperature and quantity of steam of hot steam.
When the temperature in process container 104 reaches preheating temperature, operating personnel opens drain valve 111, passes through importing
Overheated steam makes the water generated in process container 104 discharge, while stopping steam generation facility 112 with control device 120
Overheated steam generates.That is, the step for the pre-heat treatment container 104, corresponds to process container preheating step of the invention
Suddenly.In addition, in the pre- hot work of process container 104, although overheated machine 112a is not run, it is apparent that by steam generator
112 superheated steams generated can be heated by superheater 112a.
Next, being to import mixture processed in process container 104 as third step.Specific steps are as follows: operation
Personnel open ball valve 103 manually, and the mixed processing object in storage box 102 is allowed to introduce in process container 104.In addition, operation
Personnel supply machine 113 by manual operation calcium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide is introduced in process container 104.At this moment, held according to processing
The weight (dry weight standard) of the mixture processed imported in device 104, imports the calcium hydroxide of 0.2%-0.5wt%.This quilt
The step of mixture imports process container 104 is handled corresponding to mixture steps for importing processed of the invention.
Next, being hydrolyzable mixture processed as four steps.Concrete operations are as follows: operating personnel passes through control
Device 120 processed controls the hydrolyzable and treatment temperature of mixture processed.In the present embodiment, operating personnel uses control dress
120 are set by treatment temperature control in 200 DEG C and the Saturated water vapor pressure for the overheated steam for being slightly less than this treatment temperature
The pressure of (1.55MPa), specifically, pressure only low 0.15MPa (1.4MPa).
In response to the instruction, control device 120 starts steam generating device 112, overheated machine 112a and stirring prime mover
106.Therefore, in process container 104, blender 105 starts rotational agitation, and passes through overheated machine 112a from steam generating device
112 import in vapor to process container 104, and at this moment, the temperature and pressure in process container rises.
In this case, control device 120 controls the operation of steam generating device 112, is held with generating respectively with processing
The overheated steam of the corresponding temperature and pressure for the treatment of temperature and processing pressure in device 104.In the present embodiment, steam is sent out
The air pressure of 1.4MPa saturated steam and temperature are generated in generating apparatus 112 as 195 DEG C of overheated steam.Then control device 120
Overheated machine 112a is controlled, 195 DEG C of overheated steams for generating steam generating device 112 rise 5 DEG C.Therefore, operating personnel sends out
Supply temperature and the superheated water of the pressure less than synthermal Saturated water vapor pressure 0.15MPa into process container 104 is instructed to steam out
Gas, i.e. 200 DEG C of supply temperature, the overheated steam of pressure 1.4MPa.
Therefore, it is the temperature that operator specifies by temperature setting in process container 104, and pressure is provided and is lower than the temperature
The overheated steam of lower Saturated water vapor pressure is spent, the mixed processing object stirred to the machine that is stirred 105 carries out hydrolyzable.At this moment
The detection signal of the utilization temperature sensor 107 of control device 120, control steam generation facility 112 and overheated machine 112a's is each
Item running, remains unchanged temperature and pressure in process container 104.In addition, the detection signal that pressure sensor 108 exports is used
The pressure in process container 104 is shown in the display device in control device 120.
During hydrolyzable, the part overheated steam in process container 104 is condensed because temperature reduces, sometimes
Liquid water can be generated.But the absorbent material in mixture processed can absorb liquid water generated.As a result, process container
Mixed processing object in 104 stirs in the environment full of overheated steam on one side not in the case where being impregnated by liquid water
Hydrolyzable is carried out on one side.
It is that different bio-wastes and plastic refuse because of specific gravity is being prevented to be separated into this plus water hydrolysis process
Layer and lower layer, or added water hydrolysis process while a part of component for preventing bio-waste is dissolved in liquid water.
In addition, since water-absorbent material can will the liquid that be formed after the liquid water that generated in part biological waste and overheated steam condensation
Water sponges, and can be effectively prevented mixed processing object and be immersed in liquid water.
After carrying out hydrolyzable, become powdered after the part biological waste carbonization in mixture processed, plastic waste
Gurry is just attached on the powdered biological waste just mentioned and spreads out after melting.Therefore the quilt in process container 104
Processed material becomes powdered solid fuel.At this point, importeding into the hydrogen-oxygen in process container 104 together with mixture processed
Change calcium, is distributed to after being stirred in blender 105 in process container 104 or mixture processed, in a portion
With the acidic materials generated from bio-waste, the generation of 104 internal corrosion phenomenon of process container is prevented, remaining a part is then divided
It is scattered in solid fuel.
After mixture processed has carried out the hydrolyzable of predetermined time, control device 120 will suspend steam generation facility
112, every running of overheated machine 112a and blender 106, stops hydrolyzable processing.The processing time of hydrolyzable according to
The amount and treatment temperature of mixture processed are set.The mixture processed of 20kg or so under 200 DEG C for the treatment of conditions,
Probably solid fuel can be formed within 20-30 minutes.The mixture hydrolyzable processed of this step is handled, and is equivalent in the present invention
Resolution process engineering.
In addition, because not importing liquid water into process container 104, being essentially all in this resolution process engineering
Hydrolyzable processing is carried out in the state of no liquid water.But may exist in process container 104 and be condensed by overheated steam
The liquid water generated in the liquid water or mixed processing object of formation.That is, described in resolution process engineering in the present invention
It without liquid water state, is not necessarily referring to that liquid water is not present in process container 104, and refers to mixture processed not by bottom ponding
Hydrolyzable processing is carried out in the state of immersion.
Next, being to take out solid fuel out of process container 104 as the 5th step.Concrete operations are as follows: operation people
Member turns on the switch valve 114a manually, by the moisture discharge in process container 104 to freezing machine 114, and cooling treatment container 104
Afterwards, outlet 104a is opened manually, takes out solid fuel.The solid fuel taken out at this time becomes tide due to the effect of vapor
Wet, operating personnel removes solid fuel from process container 104 and by spontaneously drying or being forced by drier (not shown)
Dry it.After having carried out the step, so that it may obtain dry, powdered solid fuel.
In addition, operating personnel, which can make, substitutes powdered granular solids fuel, concrete operations are as follows: using having
Processing is formed in the forming machine (not shown) of metal grinding tool of granulating, and can generate granular solid fuel.This
In the case of, because containing plastic components and calcium hydroxide in powdery solid fuel, can produce has good forming
The granular solids fuel of property.Powdered or ball shape the solid fuel got in this way can replace fossil fuel use.
The solid fuel has following characteristics: firstly, the overheated steam of energy permeable solid almost will be in mixture processed
The odor pollutants such as ammonia, trimethylamine, methyl mercaptan completely remove, therefore will not stink.In addition, the solid fuel covers one
Tunic, which is the plastic refuse dissolved matter on the micropowder surface for constitute solid fuel, therefore moisture is difficult to penetrate into admittedly
Inside fluid fuel, also it is not susceptible to addle or go bad.
In addition, the calcium hydroxide meeting that can be generated the acidic materials such as hydrogen chloride when even if burning, but contain in the solid fuel
These acidic materials are neutralized, can prevent that corrosion phenomenon occurs in combustion furnace.
In addition, being got since solid fuel comparison carried out hydrolyzable processing in the liquid water of subcritical state in the past
Solid fuel, improve carbon fixed rate, calorific value also improves when as fuel combustion.Team is done according to the present invention
Experiment can obtain: the carbon for carrying out the solid fuel that hydrolyzable processing is got in the liquid water of subcritical state in the past is fixed
Rate is about 86%, now can reach 98%, and confirms the calorific value and can reach the comparable calorific value (27MJ/kg) of coal.
It is appreciated that according to the embodiment above, the manufacturing method of solid fuel are as follows: be mixed with from aforesaid operations explanation
The mixture processed of bio-waste and plastic refuse, without being immersed in liquid water, temperature is 180 DEG C -210
DEG C, hydrolyzable is carried out in full of overheated steam of the air pressure lower than Saturated water vapor pressure, prevents bio-waste and plastics
Waste also prevents bio-waste fractions to be dissolved in water while separation, generates the solid fuel of high-quality.
In addition, implementation of the invention is not limited to the embodiment above, and in the case where not departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various modifications can be carried out.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, mixture processed is progress hydrolyzable processing under conditions of 200 DEG C
, as long as but treatment temperature in the range of 180 DEG C -210 DEG C.If being added within the temperature range of 200 DEG C -210 DEG C
If water decomposition is handled, the calorific value of solid fuel can be effectively improved.
In addition, when carrying out hydrolyzable processing in the above-described embodiment, compared to importeding into superheated water in process container 104
The pressure of the Saturated water vapor pressure of steam, the only low 0.15MPa of processing pressure.As long as actually processing pressure is everywhere lower than importing
Manage the pressure of the Saturated water vapor pressure of overheated steam in container 104.
In this case, the processing pressure of mixture processed is set as to the Saturated water vapor pressure of overheated steam
Words also can carry out hydrolyzable processing to mixture processed without using overheated machine 112a, can reduce the devoting rate of energy
And it is more effectively carried out hydrolyzable processing.
In addition, resolution process engineering uses pressure to be less than saturation vapour pressure and the only overheat of low 0.15MPa or more
Vapor can not make the liquefied situation of overheated steam order mixture hydrolyzable processed, even if working as process container
In pressure when unintentionally becoming unstable and rising, be also possible to prevent the liquefaction of superheated vapour.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, containing the material for absorbing moisture in mixture processed, however in biological waste
In the case that water content of matter is low, it is also out of question for can constituting mixture processed by omitting the material of absorption moisture.
In the above-described embodiment, calcium hydroxide is added in mixed processing object.But the amount in acidic materials is few
In the case of, mixed processing object can also carry out omitting the hydrolysis process of calcium hydroxide being also out of question.
In the above-described embodiment, it before carrying out hydrolyzable, is preheated in process container 104.It can thus be concluded that should
The manufacturing method of solid fuel is able to suppress the overheated steam condensation initially imported in process container 104 to carry out hydrolyzable
Form liquid water, moreover it is possible to the solid fuel of high-quality can be generated while preventing mixed processing object from impregnating in water.In addition,
It can also can reduce the amount for the absorption moisture material being added in mixed processing object.But the hydrolysis process of mixed processing object can
To be carried out by omitting the preheating step in process container 104.In this case, operating personnel, which can be omitted, passes through processing
The discharge step for the liquid water that the discharge of container preheating step generates in process container 104.
In addition, being not intended to pre-heat effect when carrying out process container Preheating Engineering and defining and imported into process container
The temperature of overheated steam in 104.As long as the inside of energy the pre-heat treatment container 104, so for process container is imported into
The temperature of overheated steam in 104, is not limited to specific temperature.Therefore the temperature of the overheated steam imported is lower than 180
DEG C can also be with, but in order to be preheated at a temperature of same or similar with hydrolyzable treatment temperature, more satisfactory way
It is the overheated steam for importing 180 DEG C or more.In this case, the temperature of overheated steam preferably with hydrolyzable treatment temperature
Same or similar temperature (for example, being lower than 210 DEG C).Furthermore it is also possible to heating wire be added around process container 104 to replace
It imports overheated steam to be heated, if doing so can inhibit the life of liquid water during importing overheated steam
At.
In addition, in the above-described embodiments, device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 heats steam generation dress using overheated machine 112a
Set the overheated steam of 112 generations.For device for manufacturing solid fuel 100 at a temperature of operating personnel sets, providing air pressure is to be somebody's turn to do
At a temperature of Saturated water vapor pressure overheated steam in the case where, it is convenient to omit fall overheated machine 112a, directly fill steam generation
The overheated steam for setting 112 generations is supplied to process container 104.
In the above-described embodiments, mixing machine 101, storage box 102, ball valve 103, outlet 104a, safety valve 110,
Drain valve 111, calcium hydroxide supply machine 113, freezing machine 114 and switch valve 114a are by manual operation.However, mixing
Machine 101, storage box 102, ball valve 103, outlet 104a, safety valve 110, drain valve 111, calcium hydroxide supply machine 113, cold
Solidifying machine 114 and switch valve 114a can also be operated by control device 120.
In addition, in the above-described embodiments, blender 105 also can be set into only toward some direction revolution driving
The direction for exchanging revolution driving at regular intervals, if doing so can uniform stirring mixed processing object.In such case
Under, blender 105a is made of spiral helicine screw conveyer, mixture processed is transported to the other side from side,
Both ends of the treated object beyond process container is long carry out hydrolyzable processing while constantly round-trip, in this way
Treatment effeciency can be promoted.
In addition, in the above-described embodiments, process container 104 is set as horizontal direction (long side and ground level are placed).But
It can also set process container to vertical direction (long side placement perpendicular to the ground).
Embodiment 1
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, the mixture in step A is imported into the process container in step C；
E, 200 DEG C are imported into process container and is no more than the overheated steam of Saturated water vapor pressure, hydrolyzable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse, water-absorbent material are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, by step A mixture and calcium hydroxide imported into the process container in step C；
E, the overheated steam of 180 DEG C of Saturated water vapor pressure, hydrolyzable are imported into process container.
Wherein the content of the plastic refuse is the 10% of biomass waste weight；The content of the water-absorbent material is made a living
The 30% of physical obsolescence object weight；The content of the calcium hydroxide is the 0.2wt% of the weight of mixture；The biological waste
Object, plastic refuse, water-absorbent material, calcium hydroxide size be 30mm or less；The biomass waste is house refuse, food
One or both of waste, the excrement of poultry, sewage sludge, agriculture residues, aquatic products industry residue Hu wood wastes with
On mixture；The plastic refuse is by one in polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester or Corvic
The plastic refuse that kind or two or more mixtures are constituted；The water-absorbent material is that sawdust, waste paper, plant leaf or water imbibition are more
The mixture of one or more of Porous materials.
Embodiment 3
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse, water-absorbent material are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, by step A mixture and calcium hydroxide imported into the process container in step C；
E, 210 DEG C are imported into process container and pressure is less than saturation vapour pressure and the superheated water of at least low 0.15MPa
Steam, hydrolyzable.
Wherein the content of the plastic refuse is the 60% of biomass waste weight；The content of the water-absorbent material is made a living
The 60% of physical obsolescence object weight；The content of the calcium hydroxide is the 0.5wt% of the weight of mixture；The biological waste
Object, plastic refuse, water-absorbent material, calcium hydroxide size be 30mm or less；The biomass waste is house refuse, food
One or both of waste, the excrement of poultry, sewage sludge, agriculture residues, aquatic products industry residue Hu wood wastes with
On mixture；The plastic refuse is by one in polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester or Corvic
The plastic refuse that kind or two or more mixtures are constituted；The water-absorbent material is that sawdust, waste paper, plant leaf or water imbibition are more
The mixture of one or more of Porous materials.
Embodiment 4
A kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse, water-absorbent material are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, by step A mixture and calcium hydroxide imported into the process container in step C；
E, 200 DEG C are imported into process container and pressure is less than saturation vapour pressure and the superheated water of at least low 0.1MPa steams
Gas, hydrolyzable.
The content of the plastic refuse is the 35% of biomass waste weight；The content of the water-absorbent material is biomass
The 45% of waste weight；The content of the calcium hydroxide is the 0.35wt% of the weight of mixture.；The bio-waste,
Plastic refuse, water-absorbent material, calcium hydroxide size be 30mm or less；The biomass waste is house refuse, food is useless
One or more of gurry, the excrement of poultry, sewage sludge, agriculture residues, aquatic products industry residue Hu wood wastes
Mixture；The plastic refuse is by one of polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester or Corvic
Or the plastic refuse that two or more mixtures are constituted；The water-absorbent material is sawdust, waste paper, plant leaf or water absorbing porous
The mixture of one or more of material.
Basic principles and main features and advantages of the present invention of the invention have been shown and described above.The skill of the industry
Art personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the above embodiments and description only describe
The principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these
Changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and
Its equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
A, bio-waste, plastic refuse are mutually mixed together, obtain mixture；
B, by process container the pre-heat treatment；
C, the liquid water generated in process container during preheating container is discharged；
D, the mixture in step A is imported into the process container in step C；
E, 180-210 DEG C is imported into process container and be no more than the overheated steam of Saturated water vapor pressure, hydrolyzable.
2. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step A by bio-waste,
After plastic refuse is mutually mixed together, water-absorbent material is added, is uniformly mixed, obtains mixture.
3. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that will be in step A in step D
Mixture and calcium hydroxide are imported into the process container in step C.
4. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that full using water vapor pressure in step E
The overheated steam of sum is less than saturation vapour pressure and the overheated steam of at least low 0.1-0.15MPa using pressure.
5. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the content of the plastic refuse
For the 10-60% of biomass waste weight.
6. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that the content of the water-absorbent material
For the 30-60% of biomass castoff weight.
7. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that the content of the calcium hydroxide
For the 0.2-0.5wt% of the weight of mixture.
8. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the bio-waste, plastic waste
Gurry, water-absorbent material, calcium hydroxide size be 30mm or less.
9. a kind of solid fuel manufacturing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the biomass waste is life
One of rubbish, castoff, the excrement of poultry, sewage sludge, agriculture residues, aquatic products industry residue Hu wood wastes
Or two or more mixture；The plastic refuse is by polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester or polyvinyl chloride tree
The plastic refuse that one or more mixtures of rouge is constituted；The water-absorbent material be sawdust, waste paper, plant leaf or
The mixture of one or more of water absorbing porous material.
10. a kind of manufacturing device for preparing solid fuel, it is characterised in that: include process container (104), in the processing
Container (104) is connected with feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism includes storage box (102), in the storage box (102) and processing
Between container (104) be equipped with feed pipe, on the feed pipe be equipped with charging ball valve (103), the storage box (102) with mix
Machine (101) is connected, and is equipped with agitating shaft (105) in the process container (104), and energy is equipped on the agitating shaft (105)
To the stirring body (105a) that process container (104) material is stirred, stirring can be driven by being externally provided in the process container (104)
The stirring motor (106) of axis (105) rotation, the stirring motor (106) are connected with agitating shaft (105), hold in the processing
It is connected with calcium hydroxide supply machine (113) on device (104), further includes having interior to process container (104) superheated steam can be conveyed
Steam delivery device, the steam delivery device include steam transmitter (112), the steam transmitter (112) and overheat
Machine (112a) is connected by appendix, and the venthole of the overheated machine (112a) passes through steam delivery tube and process container (104) phase
Connection is equipped with discharge outlet (104a) and drain valve (111) in the process container (104) lower part, in the process container (104)
It is upper that condenser (114) are connected with by connecting tube, it is equipped with switch valve (114a) in the connecting tube, in the condenser
(114) it is equipped with piping (115a), pressure sensor (108) and temperature sensor are equipped on the process container (104)
It (107), further include having control device (120), the pressure sensor (108), temperature sensor (107), steam transmitter
(112), stirring motor (106) is connected with control device (120) respectively.
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Application publication date: 20190628 |