RU2566686C1 - Smoke generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: smoke generator contains a dosage bin for sawdust, a cylindrical smoke generating chamber with an air intake window and a smoke removal nipple. Installed in the chamber is a bottom plate with an electric heater and a sector for discharge of burnt sawdust. Scrapers are radially attached under the bottom plate. The dosage bin has a vertical shaft with slanted blades positioned all across its surface; the shaft electric drive is equipped with a timer. The cylindrical smoke generating chamber has three air intake windows that are vertically displaced and turned at an angle of 120° relative each other, each window equipped with a damper to enable its vertical movement. The bottom plate consists of four sections with the sections surface heating temperature decreasing from the sawdust charging zone towards the zone of the sector hole intended for discharging burnt sawdust. Each section has a heating temperature regulator; the electric heater is installed under the bottom plate area equal to 75% of its area.

EFFECT: increased performance of the smoke generator.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the food industry, and in particular to devices for producing smoke from wood sawdust.

Known smoke generator D9-FD2G, designed to produce smoke during cold and hot smoking of all types of meat products. The combustion chamber of the smoke generator is a cylindrical body, inside of which a grate is mounted, on which two tubular electric heaters for smoldering sawdust are stacked. The grate is cleaned of ash by an agitator, rotating around its axis. A hopper for loading sawdust with a tedder driven by an electric motor and gearbox is mounted above the combustion chamber. The amount of sawdust supplied to the smoke chamber is controlled by a dispenser using a flywheel. An ash pan is mounted under the combustion chamber (Machines and equipment for food production. I.T. Kretov, A.N., Ostrikov, etc. Edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences V.A. Panfilov - Moscow: KolosS, 2009, p. 143- 145).

The disadvantage of this smoke generator is the low quality of the smoke it produces due to the low content of smoke components, namely polyhydric phenols, esters, carbonyl compounds, etc., which are in a droplet-liquid state in a dispersed medium (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide). This is due to the fact that with constant mixing and friction of the sawdust granules, high temperature zones are formed, which lead to the decomposition of the main components of the smoke. In this case, sawdust burning and the formation of a smoldering layer, which covers new portions of sawdust, due to which the sawdust layer overheats and burns, therefore, in this smoke generator, in case of sawdust ignition, an irrigator is mounted in the upper part of the combustion chamber above the grate. In addition, small granules of sawdust, falling on the grate, fall into the ash pan and do not participate in the process of smoke formation.

Known smoke generator, which contains a sawdust hopper, a cylindrical smoke chamber, an ash pan, an agitator electric drive, heated under with a sector hole for unloading burnt sawdust and an electric heater. Above the movable scrapers of the agitator, on the horizontal axes, fixed scrapers made in the form of rectangular plates are pivotally fixed. A perforated partition made of a steel sheet coated with a layer of sheet asbestos is installed above the stationary agitator scrapers in a smoke-generating chamber. On diametrically opposite sides of the chamber above the level of the partition there are windows for supplying air and a pipe for exhausting smoke. Below the level of the partition there are windows for supplying air into the cavity between the heated hearth and the perforated partition, equipped with control flaps. In this case, the sawdust leaves the stationary scrapers in an even layer, gradually accumulates in front of the movable scrapers moving them and is again leveled by the stationary scrapers. As the sawdust moves along the hearth, they decay, and the resulting ash is discharged through the wedge hole into the ash collector (RF Patent No. 144722, A23B / 04).

The disadvantage of this smoke generator is low productivity due to the incomplete use of the surface area of the heated hearth. The inability to maintain a constant temperature of smoldering sawdust over the entire surface of the electric heating hearth of the smoke generator leads to the formation of local foci on the hearth where there are no smoldering sawdust. These factors do not provide smoke production according to the physicochemical and chemical parameters that are necessary to produce conditioned smoke.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a smoke generator, which contains a hopper-dispenser, a cylindrical smoke-forming chamber, heated underneath with an opening for unloading burnt sawdust and an electric heater. In the chamber there is a sawdust agitator made in the form of movable scrapers mounted on a vertical shaft and connected to an electric drive. Movable scrapers are located above the upper part of the hearth and are made in the form of sectors perforated with rectangular holes. At the top of the central corner of each sector, two holes are made, into which fingers are inserted, fixed in the flanges of the vertical shaft. Fixed scrapers are installed above the movable scrapers with a gap; the gap between the scrapers decreases in the direction of movement of the movable scrapers. The air inlet and the smoke outlet are arranged coaxially on opposite sides of the smoke chamber. When sawdust moves along the hearth, they are mixed and gradually accumulate under the partitions moving them, forming slides, as a result of which the part of the hearth is exposed behind the slides. Fixed scrapers cut the tops of the slides and dump the sawdust onto the exposed surface of the hearth. Sawdust is heated and begins to smolder (RF Patent No. 971207, A23B / 04).

The disadvantages of this smoke generator are the complexity of the design and manufacture of movable scrapers, the presence of exposed parts of the electric heating hearth, the unstable temperature of the sawdust as they move along the hearth. This leads to a smoke-air mixture with a low content of smoke components and the inability to control the technological parameters of the smoke-air mixture at the outlet of the smoke generator.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the smoke generator, improve the quality of the smoke obtained by physico-chemical and chemical parameters, while reducing energy consumption for the process of smoldering sawdust.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the smoke generator, which includes a sawdust hopper, a cylindrical smoke-forming chamber with a window for air supply and a smoke outlet, mounted in a chamber underneath with an electric heater and a sector hole for removing burnt sawdust, scrapers radially mounted above the hearth, according to According to the invention, the metering hopper has a vertical shaft with inclined blades fixed over its entire surface, while the electric drive of the shaft is equipped with a timer; the cylindrical smoke-generating chamber has three windows for supplying air, vertically displaced and rotated 120 ° relative to each other, equipped with a shutter with the possibility of its vertical movement; under it was made four-sectional, with the temperature of the surfaces of the sections decreasing from the sawdust loading zone to the sector opening of the outlet for burning sawdust, each section of the heated hearth has a temperature control for its heating, and the electric heater is mounted under the hearth section, equal to 75% of its area.

The use of a vertical shaft with inclined blades in the hopper-metering device provides radial and axial movement of sawdust throughout the volume of the metering hopper and intensive mixing of sawdust before feeding them into the smoke chamber.

The use of three windows for supplying fresh air, vertically displaced and rotated 120 ° relative to each other, firstly, provides the necessary amount of supplied air required for smoldering sawdust (lower windows play this role), and also dilutes the resulting smoke with a temperature not below 400 ° C with fresh air, which allows the flue mixture with a lower temperature to be removed from the smoke chamber. This factor allows avoiding the mixing chamber in the instrument circuit during the preparation of smoke for hot smoking, and during cold smoking, sharply reduce its dimensions. A 120 ° turn of the windows relative to each other allows for uniform air exchange between the air and the smoke generated in the chamber during sawdust smoldering.

Adjusting the size of the windows by moving the window shutters vertically for the lower windows provides a change in the coefficient of excess air α, which determines the physicochemical properties of the smoke. (Kurko V.I. Chemistry of smoking. - M.: Food industry, 1969. - 343 p.). A change in the size of the upper window controls the temperature of the smoke-air mixture at the exit of the smoke chamber and determines the required dilution of the resulting smoke from fresh air to the desired condition.

Performing a heated hearth in four sections, with a decreasing section heating temperature, for example, from 400 ° C in the first section to 250 ° C in the last section, allows, firstly, to reduce the energy consumption for sawdust smoldering, and secondly, to obtain better smoke in the case of sawdust decay at a constant temperature (Kurko V.I. Chemistry of smoking - M: Food industry, 1969-343 p.).

Using a section heating temperature controller allows you to adjust the smoldering temperature of sawdust depending on their moisture, wood species and the required smoke smoke humidity, which is determined by the type of smoking - cold, hot, in an electrostatic field. Since with an increase in the number of sections the energy consumption is less, four sections of the hearth are sufficient to reduce the smoldering temperature of sawdust from 400 ° to 250 ° during their movement along the hearth with movable radial scrapers (I section - 400 ° C, II section - 350 ° C, III section - 300 ° C, IV section - 250 ° C). These factors allow to reduce the energy consumption for smoldering sawdust and make the smoke generator universal.

Providing 75% of the surface of the hearth with an electric heater makes it possible to rationally use its area, the presence of 25% percent of the area for removing burnt sawdust at a rotational speed of radially fixed scrapers of 1-0.5 min ^-1 ensures their complete removal through the sector hole of the hearth. This leads to increased efficiency of the smoke generator.

In FIG. 1 shows a smoke generator, a general view; FIG. 2 - smoke generator, top view, in FIG. 3 shows a heated under with a sector hole for removal of burnt sawdust (section AA in FIG. 1), FIG. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 1, in FIG. 5 shows section BB of FIG. 1, in FIG. 6 shows a cross section GG of FIG. 1., in FIG. 7 shows a section D-D of FIG. one.

The smoke generator consists of a cylindrical smoke chamber 1, in which there is an agitator, consisting of a vertical shaft 2, in the lower part of which there are scrapers 3 for moving sawdust.

The shaft is driven by a gearmotor 4. In the lower part of the combustion chamber there is installed a heater 6 under electric heater 6, which is separately shown in FIG. 3 (section AA in FIG. 1).

Heated under is made sectional and consists of four sections 7, 8, 9, 10, respectively. Each section creates a heating temperature (for example: the first - 400 ° C; the second - 350 ° C; the third - 300 ° C; the fourth - 250 ° C), which allows to reduce the heating temperature of sawdust from the moment they enter the combustion chamber until they are unloaded. After the last section 10 of the hearth there is a wedge-type sector hole 11 for diverting sawdust to the ash pan 12, each section has heating temperature controllers 13, 14, 15, 16, respectively, which allows you to change the heating temperature of sawdust in sections depending on their type (alder, oak etc.) and initial humidity.

On the right side of the smoke chamber there is a sawdust bunker-dispenser 17, in which there is a sawdust agitator, consisting of a vertical shaft 18 and inclined blades 19 fixed on its entire surface (Fig. 5). To ensure cyclic rotation of the shaft mounted gear motor 20 with a timer 21 (Fig. 1). At the bottom of the sawdust bin there is a wedge-shaped slot 22 for feeding sawdust into the dispenser 23 through the wedge-shaped slot 24 (Fig. 7). Slots 22 and 24 are offset relative to each other. To remove smoke generated during the burning of sawdust, a pipe 25 is installed in the upper part of the smoke-generating chamber.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the smoke chamber, located under the scrapers of the agitator sawdust 3.

For uniform air supply into the smoke-forming chamber, there are three windows 26 in the case, vertically displaced and rotated 120 ° relative to each other. Each window is equipped with a shutter 27 with the possibility of its vertical movement, to regulate the amount of air supplied to the smoke chamber, which provides the necessary coefficient of excess air. To measure the temperature in the sections of the heated hearth installed thermocouples 28.

The smoke generator works as follows. Sawdust with a moisture content of 20-25% is loaded into a sawdust hopper 17, where they are periodically mixed with inclined blades 19, mounted on the agitator shaft 18, and fed portionwise to the wedge-shaped slit 22 and then through the wedge-shaped slit 24, enter the smoke chamber 1. Before starting the filing of sawdust, sections 7-10 of the heated hearth 5 from the temperature controllers 13, 14, 15, 16 are turned on. The heating temperature is set depending on the type of sawdust and their humidity. Outside air enters the smoke chamber through the windows 26. In the future, include a motor gearbox 4, which drives the shaft 2 with scrapers 3 (agitator) in rotational motion. Sawdust in a uniform layer, for example 15-20 mm, comes from the sawdust dispenser to the first section 7 of the heated hearth. Moving in four sections, the sawdust undergoes smoldering with a temperature decreasing in the direction of their movement along the heated hearth, due to the different power of its sections. The heating temperature drops from 400 ° C to 250 ° C. During sawdust decay, primary products are oxidized by pyrolysis of wood with the formation of smoke components - phenols, carbonyl substances and organic acids. The resulting smoke from sawdust decay at a high temperature of more than 400 ° C in the upper part of the smoke generator chamber is diluted with air supplied through windows 26, then it enters the pipe 25, and then for further technological processing. Decayed sawdust from the smoke-generating chamber 1 through the sector wedge-shaped hole 11 enters the ash pan 12.

The air supply to the upper part of the smoke generator provides the process of secondary reactions, as a result of which intensive oxidation of the primary products of wood thermolysis takes place. As a result of this, the proportion of polyhydric phenols, esters, carbonyl compounds and other components containing hydroxyl groups and oxygen atoms increases. This increases the technological characteristics of the smoke, which contributes to giving the product a specific aroma and taste when smoked, resistance to microbial and oxidative spoilage (Kurko V.I. Chemistry of smoking. - M.: Food industry, 1969. - 343 p.).

Using the proposed smoke generator provides:

- production of conditioned smoke with a stable content of phenols, organic acids and carbonyl compounds;

- reducing energy consumption for the process of smoldering sawdust by reducing the heating power of the sections of the heated hearth;

- increased productivity, by ensuring complete and uniform combustion of sawdust without the formation of a flame and dilution of the resulting smoke with fresh air.

The smoke generator differs from its analogues in optimal dimensions, simplicity of design and maintenance, which allows to increase the reliability and stability of its operation.

Claims (1)

A smoke generator including a sawdust hopper, a cylindrical smoke-generating chamber with an air inlet and a smoke outlet mounted in a chamber underneath with an electric heater and a sector opening for removing burnt sawdust, scrapers radially mounted above the hearth, characterized in that the hopper has a vertical shaft with inclined blades fixed over its entire surface, while the electric drive of the shaft is equipped with a timer, a cylindrical smoke-forming chamber has three windows for supplying air displaced along vertically and rotated relative to each other by 120 °, with each window provided with a shutter with the possibility of its vertical movement, underneath is made four-sectional, with the temperature of the surfaces of the sections decreasing from the loading zone of sawdust to the area of the sector opening of the removal of burned sawdust, with each section of the hearth It has a temperature controller for its heating, and the electric heater is mounted under the hearth section, equal to 75% of its area.

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