RU2453122C1 - Installation for fume generation in inert gas medium with inductive energy input - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry. The installation includes a system for preparation and delivery of a gas-and-air mixture consisting of a compressor, a heater and a membrane-type inert gas generator. Additionally integrated into the installation is a system for production and discharge of fume and smoking fume vapour-and-air mixture including a drum fume generator with imperforated channel nozzles. Installed round the central tube inside the drum fume generator so that to enable rotation is an auger in a trough with guides that is used as the inductor bus. Positioned on the body outside is another inductor bus designed in the shape of a sector enveloping the fume generator body in the zone corresponding to placement of a mixture of sawdust with ferromagnetic particles at a natural angle of slope. Electromagnets are installed in the fume generator body tail part along the perimetre so that to enable tripping in their upper position over the trough with guides.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase smoking medium density and fume generation intensity.

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Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to the smoking of food products, and can be used at enterprises of the food industry, for example, for smoking cheese, fish, meat, etc.

Known thermocopy installation [RF Patent No. 2266658, AV 4/044, publ. December 27, 2005], equipped with a device for producing a smoking environment, consisting of a smoke generator, a carbon dioxide generator, a mixing chamber and a water tank combined in one housing having an outlet that is closed on the side of the mixing chamber by a perforated chamber in which the spark arrester is installed, moreover, the mixing chamber is in communication with the smoke and carbon dioxide generator, and the water tank is installed at its bottom, the smoke generator has a removable cover for loading sawdust, on which the air supply regulator is fixed a peephole, the carbon dioxide generator is equipped with a peephole and an air supply regulator, the outlet of the device for receiving the smoking medium is connected via ducts, in which there are valves with injectors, one of which is installed in the duct to discharge the working medium after the fan, and the other is connected through ducts to the device for cleaning the environment, including a series-connected trap, filters and cooler, a heater and a second fan with an input of a thermally insulated chamber, the second output to through the third valve, it is connected to the second injector.

The disadvantages of the known device for producing a smoking environment in a thermal smoking installation are the low intensity of the smoke generation process and the low density of the smoking environment as a result of uneven smoke generation in the volume of sawdust due to the locality of energy supply to individual particles of sawdust.

A known installation for producing smoke [Patent 2146453 (RF), MKI A23B 4/052. A method of producing smoke and installation for its implementation / L.V. Antipova, A.A. Arkhipenko, S.V. Shakhov - Claim. 12/11/98, No. 98122338/13, publ. in B.I. No. 8, 2000], consisting of a drum-type case with channel-type nozzles of a wireless type, separated by a round damper without a segment into a heating and drying zone and a dry distillation zone, heating elements made in section in the form of a segment and arranged sectionally with different capacities in different zones the case in its lower part, a moisture removal pipe located along the drum axis, a discharge flange with a coaxial hole around the smoke exhaust pipe and peripheral holes for unloading ash and smoke exhaust, chamber p zgruzki divided by a partition with a hole, wherein the damper and the heating element has to be mounted chord segment at an angle corresponding to the angle of repose of sawdust.

A disadvantage of the known method for producing a smoking environment in a thermal smoking installation is the inability to control the density of the smoking environment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the problem is the installation for heat treatment of sausages [Patent 2207756 (Russian Federation), MKI A23B 4/052. Installation for heat treatment of sausages / S.T. Antipov, A.A. Arkhipenko, S.V. Shakhov, S.Yu. Kitaev - Declaration. 03/29/2003, No. 2002108100/13, publ. in B.I. No. 19, 2003], including a drum-type smoke generator with channel-type nozzles of a wireless type and heating elements made in section in the form of a segment and arranged sectionally with different capacities in different zones of its body, having a central pipe and a discharge flange with a coaxial hole around the pipe having an adjustable diaphragm damper, and peripheral openings for unloading ash and smoke exhaust, equipped with spring-loaded valves.

The disadvantage of this smoke generator is the low temperature of smoke generation due to the high risk of ignition of sawdust in the presence of oxygen contained in a mixture of inert gas with air, which does not provide a high rate of smoke formation, as well as its low density due to the unevenness and locality of energy supply to the particles of sawdust.

An object of the invention is to increase the intensity of the smoke generation process and the density of the smoke medium by increasing the pyrolysis temperature, due to the restriction of oxygen in the blown mixture by using an increased inert gas content that does not include oxygen in the blown mixture, and also as a result of uniform smoke generation over the entire volume of sawdust due to targeted supply of energy to individual particles of sawdust by means of a uniform and developed heat transfer scheme Disperse thereto of heat sources with continuous and constant mixing sawdust.

The technical task of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the installation for smoke generation in an inert gas medium with inductive supply of energy, including a gas-air mixture supply system and smoke and steam-air mixture removal system, a drum smoke generator with channelless nozzles and heating elements having a central pipe and a discharge flange with a coaxial hole around the pipe with an adjustable diaphragm damper and peripheral holes for unloading ash and smoke exhaust, equipped with a spring-loaded valves, it is new that the gas-air mixture supply system includes a compressor, a heater and an inert gas generator of the membrane type located in the course of the technological process, and a screw is mounted inside the drum smoke generator with channelless type nozzles around the central pipe to rotate in the channel with guides used as an inductor bus, and on the outside of the casing there is an inductor bus made in the form of a sector of the envelope of the smoke generator body in not corresponding to the location of the mixture of sawdust with ferromagnetic particles at an angle of repose, while in the tail part of the smoke generator body are installed around its perimeter (forming) electromagnets with the possibility of disconnection in their upper position above the chute with guides.

The technical result consists in increasing the intensity of the smoke generation process and the density of the smoke medium due to an increase in the pyrolysis temperature, due to the decrease in oxygen in the gas-air mixture being blown through the use of an increased content of inert gas that does not include oxygen, as well as as a result of uniform smoke generation throughout the entire volume of sawdust , due to the targeted supply of energy to individual particles of sawdust, by a uniform and developed scheme of heat transfer to them from dispersed heat sources with continuous and constant mixing of sawdust.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a plant for smoke generation in an inert gas medium with inductive supply of energy, figure 2 - sections of the smoke generator along A-A, BB, and figure 3 - sections of the smoke generator along B-B (in closed and open views), and in figure 4 - remote element I.

Installation for smoke generation in an inert gas medium with an inductive energy supply (Fig. 1) includes a gas-air mixture supply system, which has a compressor 1, a heater 2 and a membrane type 3 inert gas generator and a smoke smoke production system consisting of a smoke generator, located along the technological process 4 and unloading chamber 5.

In this case, the smoke generator 4 (Fig. 1) for receiving smoke and steam consists of a housing 6, a dispenser 7, nozzles 8, 9, respectively, for supplying a gas-air mixture enriched with nitrogen, and for removing smoke, an air duct 10 for removing a moist air mixture, a pipe 11 water supply to prevent ignition of sawdust, pipe 12 for removing ash from the unloading chamber 5, the loading 13 and unloading 14 flanges of the smoke generator 4. The housing 6 of the smoke generator 4 (Figs. 1-4) has thermal insulation 15, channel nozzles 16 without air type for supplying air to layer o saws, support rollers 17, crown gear 18 of the drive (not shown) of the smoke generator 4, a pipe 19 mounted along the axis of the housing 6, around which the screw 20 is mounted in the groove 21 with guides 22 and the shutter 23 without segment, with the formation of an opening to ensure unhindered movement of sawdust from the heating and drying zone to the dry distillation zone of sawdust. In the housing there are nozzles 24 for supplying water, designed to prevent ignition of sawdust, washing the housing 6 from the remnants of dry distillation. Around the central pipe 19 in the discharge flange 14 of the smoke generator 4 there is a coaxial hole 25, for controlling the flow cross section of which a damper in the form of a diaphragm 26 is installed. The diaphragm 26 is made in the form of a fixed and rotating ring and a set of C-shaped plates 27 located in the socket of the fixed ring. The plates have pins 28 at the ends of different sides, one of which is mounted in a hole made in a fixed ring, and the other in a radial groove made in a rotating ring. The outer side of the ring has the form of a bevel gear 29 engaged with a bevel gear 30, the shaft 31 of which is brought out through a device 32 located on the roof of the discharge chamber 5 and equipped with a handle 33 or a drive (not shown). The device 32 is installed with the possibility of reciprocating motion to withdraw the bevel gear 30 from engagement with the bevel gear 29.

To remove smoke and ash from the smoke generator 4 in the discharge flange 14 (1, 3, 4) there are peripheral holes 34 provided with spring-loaded valves 35, as well as a device 36 for opening them.

As inductor tires, the installation uses a chute 21 and a tire 37 located on the outside of the casing, made in the form of a sector envelope of the casing 6 of the smoke generator 4 in the zone corresponding to the location of the mixture of wood sawdust 38 with ferromagnetic particles 39 at an angle of repose (Fig. 2) .

In the rear part of the housing 6 of the smoke generator 4, electromagnets 40 are installed along its perimeter (generatrix) so that they can be disconnected in their upper position above the chute 21 with guides 22.

Installation for smoke generation in an inert gas medium with inductive supply of energy works as follows.

First, nitrogen is generated, which is obtained by baromembrane separation of air on semi-permeable membranes (for example, cermet) of an inert gas generator 3 under a pressure of 0.5-4 MPa, which is provided by compressor 1. Before supplying a membrane type 3 inert gas generator, the air is heated with heater 2 to intensify the separation of air on the membranes and to effectively remove moisture from sawdust 38 in the zone of their heating and drying.

After the inert gas generator of membrane type 3, the nitrogen-enriched air mixture is fed through the nozzle 8 to the channel nozzles 16. At the same time, wood sawdust 38, for example, with a moisture content of 20-25%, is loaded through the batcher 7 of the locking type into the case 6 of the smoke generator 4. The drive is switched on (not shown) of the housing 6 and after filling with the sawdust of the drying zone, they are heated to a drying temperature, for example 180-190 ° C, with intensive filtering with an air mixture enriched with nitrogen supplied through channel nozzles 16. The increased content in the air nitrogen mixtures allows to intensify the process of dehydration of sawdust 38 due to the formation of associated groups of moisture and nitrogen molecules, where gas molecules act as a carrier of vapor molecules from the evaporation surface into the space free of sawdust 28 of the body 6 of the smoke generator 4, and also “bombard” the product, weakening the interaction forces between molecules at the points of contact. The pressure at the collision sites is higher than the ambient pressure, and the higher the evaporation rate, the higher the pressure difference at the interface and in the medium, while the total pressure of the medium increases, therefore, the value of convective heat and mass transfer increases. The moisture removed from the sawdust 38 is discharged through the pipe 19 from the housing 6.

Moving due to the rotation of the housing 6 of the smoke generator 4 through a segmented hole from the drying zone to the dry distillation zone, the sawdust is heated with the help of ferromagnetic particles 39 to a smoldering temperature, for example 290-300 ° C. The heating of the ferromagnetic particles 39 is carried out as a result of the generation of heat (according to the Joule-Lenz law) as a result of inducing eddy currents from the intense electromagnetic radiation of the buses 21 and 37 of the inductor 37, by inducing powerful currents in it using a special generator (not shown) high frequency.

In this zone, under conditions of limited access of oxygen, provided, on the one hand, by its reduced content in the air mixture by removing it in an inert gas generator of membrane type 3, and, on the other hand, by a shutter damper 23, smoke is formed as a result of dry distillation of sawdust 38 with constant joint mixing of sawdust 38 and dispersed electrically conductive ferromagnetic particles 39. The resulting smoke is removed through the peripheral (when they are in the upper position) openings 34, and the resulting ol is unloaded into the discharge hopper through the peripheral holes 34 (when they are in the lower position), which open as a result of the action of the device 36.

Ferromagnetic particles 39 under the action of electromagnets 40 from the lower part of the housing 6 of the smoke generator 4 rise to its upper part, being separated from the ash, and when they reach the position above the guides 22 by disabling the action of the electromagnets 40 they fall onto the guides 22, along which they move into the gutter 21 , where they are moved by screw 20 to the beginning of the dry distillation zone of sawdust 38, i.e. recirculation of ferromagnetic particles 39 in the housing 6 of the smoke generator 4.

The coaxial hole 25 during the formation of smoke is closed by the diaphragm 26 (Figs. 1, 3, 4) and opens only in case of correction of the set technological parameters of the process. In this case, smoke from the housing 6 in the unloading chamber 5 dramatically loses its speed, which allows you to separate part of the particles of dry distillation carried away with them, which are then removed from the unloading chamber 5 of the smoke generator 4 through the pipe 12.

The proposed installation has the following advantages:

- the use of smoke during pyrolysis of wood sawdust as an inert gas of nitrogen obtained by baromembrane separation of air in an inert gas generator of a membrane type on semipermeable membranes under a pressure of 0.5-4 MPa, allows to obtain a smoke-gas mixture from air with a high nitrogen content for it use during smoke generation, which eliminates the risk of fire from sawdust and provides a high rate of smoke formation;

- the use of an air heater in front of the inert gas generator of the membrane type allows you to intensify the process of separation of air on the membranes and increase the efficiency of removing moisture from sawdust in the zone of their heating and drying;

- the use of a chute as an inductor tire and placement of an inductor tire on the outside of the smoke generator body, made in the form of a sector enveloping the smoke generator body in the zone corresponding to the location of the mixture of sawdust with ferromagnetic particles at an angle of repose, allows efficient energy supply to the sawdust from mixed with dispersed electrically conductive particles emitting heat as a result of their induction heating under the influence of an alternating electromagnetic field, as well as olyaet increase uniformity due to the smoke density, and volumetric address ehnergopodvoda to particles of sawdust;

- installation around the central pipe, with the possibility of rotation of the screw in the chute with guides, and in the tail part of the smoke generator body along its perimeter (generatrix) of electromagnets with the possibility of disconnecting in their upper position above the chute with guides allows for the recirculation of ferromagnetic particles, which allows uniform and rational distribute the power supply.

Claims (1)

Installation for smoke generation in an inert gas medium with inductive supply of energy, including a system for preparing and supplying a gas-air mixture, a system for receiving and exhausting smoke and steam-air mixture of smoke, including a drum smoke generator with channel nozzles without heating type and heating elements, having a central pipe and discharge a flange with a coaxial hole around the pipe with an adjustable diaphragm damper and peripheral holes for unloading ash and smoke exhaust, equipped with springs valves, as well as an unloading chamber, characterized in that the gas-air mixture preparation and supply system includes a membrane-type compressor, a heater and an inert gas generator located in the course of the technological process, and inside the drum smoke generator with channel-type nozzles with a cordless type installed around the possibility of rotation of the screw in the groove with guides used as an inductor bus, and on the outside of the housing there is an inductor bus made in the form e sector enveloping housing smoke generator in the zone corresponding to the location of a mixture of sawdust having ferromagnetic particles at the angle of repose, the tail section smoke generator body mounted on its perimeter (forming) the electromagnets can be switched off in their upper position above the guide chute.

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