RU2679391C1 - Installation for electrostatic smoking dispersed products in pouring layer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the food industry, in particular to installations for the preparation of food products by heat treatment. Installation contains a horizontal cylindrical smoking chamber installed with the possibility of rotation, the system of supply and removal of smoke and air, loading and unloading devices. Inside the smoking chamber along its axis and the entire length there is a perforated conical tube, the larger base of which is adjacent to the flange of the discharge device. On the inner surface of the smoke chamber installed channel nozzles, forming longitudinal channels. Inside the cavity of the conical tube and the longitudinal channels are placed continuous transverse partitions, which ensure the separation of the smoke chamber space into the smoking zone and the drying zone. Part of a perforated conical pipe corresponding to the smoking zone, and a part of the channel nozzles made of a ferrimagnetic material in the drying zone and connected to the positive pole of a high-voltage source. Part of the channel nozzles corresponding to the smoking zone, and the part of the perforated pipe corresponding to the drying zone, are made of non-ferromagnetic material and have zero charge. Smoke chamber is connected to the smoke generator through the smoke air supply system. Supply system sequentially includes a filter, a rotary pump, an ejector, an ionization chamber with radiators connected to the negative pole of a high-voltage source, and a collector. One branch of the collector pipeline is adjacent to the longitudinal channels, and the other branch is connected to the internal cavity of the perforated conical pipe part corresponding to the drying zone. Mixing chamber of the ejector is connected by pipeline through a condenser and a recirculating pump with a device for discharging the spent air-smoke mixture.EFFECT: use of the invention will allow for a uniform and high-quality smoking process.1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular, to the field of preparation of food products by heat treatment, and can be used mainly for smoking dispersed products.

Known installation for hot smoking fish [RF Patent No. 2 313 945, A23 B4 / 044, publ. January 10, 2008], comprising a tunnel chamber with parallel guides located in it, doors for loading and unloading the product, and pipes for supplying and discharging the coolant. The tunnel chamber consists of three inclined and interconnected boxes, on the side walls of which parallel guides are attached, along which carts with a sieve bottom are moved. Heated air is supplied to the upper duct, steam to the middle duct, and smoke to the lower duct. In the junction of the boxes installed reloading chambers. The guides located in the reloading chambers are made detachable relative to the guides located in the boxes, with the possibility of oscillatory motion due to rotation around the axis. A tray with a curved surface serves to hold the trolley during lowering. At the exit of the boxes at the ends of the rails, clamps are mounted for the adjustable overload of the bogies.

The disadvantages of the known installation are:

- low quality of finished products due to the complexity of the timely supply of different in nature and purpose of the coolant (steam, air and smoke) at each stage of thermal treatment of fish;

- low deposition rate of smoke components on the surface of the product;

- the difficulty of maintaining the specified technological parameters at all stages of the cooking process of hot smoked fish.

Known electro-smoking installation [RF Patent No. 2 305 945, A23B 4/056, publ. September 20, 2007], containing a chamber in which a smoke generator is located, stands for material to be smoked, a positive electrode and negatively charged corona needles. The positive electrode is made in the form of a plate, is located between the stand and in size goes beyond them. It is installed with the possibility of movement along the camera to one of the panels with negatively charged corona needles. The positive electrode can be fixed by means of sliders on the rails and connected by a spring-loaded sliding contact with a metal conductor strip.

The disadvantages of the known electro-smoking installation include:

- placement of the smoke generator inside the chamber leads to additional heat gain, violating the temperature regime of the installation;

- the presence of a smoke generator inside the chamber also leads to an increase in the cost of the installation, since an additional system of protection against the generated waste during the combustion of smoke is necessary;

- in the process of smoking dispersed products on the grids, uniform saturation of smoke is not ensured, since the movement of the smoke-air mixture in the chamber is from the bottom up, and each grid is an additional shutter for the flow of smoke-air mixture in the vertical direction, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished product .

The closest in technological essence and the achieved effect is the installation for salting and heat treatment of meat raw materials [RF Patent No. 2 537 548; A23C 9/00; A23B 4/01; publ. 01/10/2015] containing a horizontal cylindrical screen housing in which a drain pipe, a loading hatch is located, and a microwave generator unit is installed at its end. Inside the housing there is a resonator chamber made in the form of a tubular drum of non-ferromagnetic material with inner blades rotating in a vertical plane, and it is assembled from pipes so that the gap between them is less than a quarter of the wavelength. One end of the chamber is closed by a hollow disk connected to the hollow shaft, while the shaft fixed in the bearing assemblies by means of lock nuts and gaskets is connected to the couplings. Under the screen casing in the upper part there are grill lamps in the mesh screen. The installation for the salting and heat treatment of meat raw materials provides the process of massaging and heat treatment of lumpy meat raw materials in the production of smoked products.

The disadvantage of the installation for salting and heat treatment of meat raw materials is the low degree of deposition of various components on the surface of the product in the constant mixing mode, which increases the hydraulic resistance of the installation, disrupts the uniform distribution of components and reduces the efficiency of the filtration and diffusion process.

An object of the invention is to develop a plant for the electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed, which allows to improve the quality of the finished product, reduce specific energy consumption, increase shelf life of products, through the use of continuous mixing, increase the useful volume of the smoking chamber and the effect of the directed movement of the components of the smoke-air mixture through a layer of dispersed product, which provides improved quality of the finished product at the output according to their taste and organoleptic characteristics.

The technical task of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the installation for the electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed containing a horizontal cylindrical smoking chamber mounted rotatably, a smoke and air supply and exhaust system, the loading and unloading devices are new in that inside the smoking chamber the axis and the entire length of the perforated conical pipe, the larger base of which is adjacent to the flange of the discharge device, and on the inner surface the smoking chamber has channel nozzles forming longitudinal channels, while inside the cavity of the conical pipe and the longitudinal channels, continuous transverse partitions are arranged to separate the space of the smoking chamber into the smoking zone and the drying zone, with the corresponding part of the perforated conical pipe and the drying zone part channel nozzles are made of ferrimagnetic material and connected to the positive pole of a high-voltage source, and part of the channel nozzles correspond to the smoking zone and the part of the perforated pipe corresponding to the drying zone are made of non-ferromagnetic material and have zero charge, while the smoking chamber is connected to the smoke generator through the smoke-air mixture supply system, which in series includes a filter, a rotary pump, an ejector, an ionization chamber with emitters connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage source and the collector, one branch of the pipeline from which is adjacent to the longitudinal channels, and the other branch of the pipeline is connected to the internal Lost preforirovannoy conical pipe portion corresponding drying zone, and a mixing chamber of the ejector is connected to the conduit through the condenser and the recirculating pump with a device for removing the waste smoke-air mixture.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of finished products, reduce specific energy consumption for the smoking process, as well as to increase the shelf life of products through the use of continuous mixing, increasing the useful volume of the smoking chamber and the effect of the directional movement of the components of the smoke-air mixture through a layer of dispersed product , thereby providing a more uniform distribution and penetration of smoke particles into the product layer.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation for electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed; in FIG. 2 is a view A (ejector) in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 is a view B (collector) indicated in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a view of the assembly B (boot device) indicated in FIG. one; in FIG. 5 is a view of the assembly G (seal) indicated in FIG. one; in FIG. 6 is a cross-section along the DD indicated in FIG. one.; in FIG. 7 - spatial image of the installation; in FIG. 8 is a spatial image of the installation when the case is cut (front view).

The installation for electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed (Fig. 1) contains a smoking chamber 1 mounted rotatably and connected to the smoke generator 2 through a smoke-air mixture supply system including a rotary pump 3, a filter 4, an ejector 5 (Fig. 2) a mixing chamber 6, an ionization chamber 7 with emitters 8 in the form of corona electrodes connected to the negative pole of a high-voltage source (not shown) and a collector 9 (Fig. 3).

The installation has a telescopic loading device 10, which passes through the end wall 11 of the smoking chamber 1 (Fig. 4). At the junction of the loading device 10 with the end wall 11, a sealing device 12 is provided to prevent entrainment of smoke and air mixture into the atmosphere from the smoke chamber 1. Inside the smoking chamber 1 in the area of the boot device 10 are blade tips 13.

On the end wall 11 there is a device for exhausting the exhaust smoke mixture 14, connected by pipelines 15 and 16 through a recirculation pump 17, a condenser 18 with a mixing chamber 6 of the ejector 5 (Fig. 2).

The unloading device of the installation includes a unloading flange 19 of the smoking chamber 1 with a hatch 20, an unloading chamber 21 (Fig. 6). The unloading chamber 21 is adjacent to the smoking chamber 1 using a special sealing device 22 (Fig. 5).

Inside the smoking chamber 1, a perforated conical pipe 23 is placed along its axis and the entire length, the larger base of which adjoins the discharge flange 19. Due to the presence of the perforated conical pipe 23, the useful volume of the smoking chamber 1 (degree of filling) increases by approximately 15%. Also on the inner surface of the smoking chamber 1 is installed channel nozzles 24, forming longitudinal channels. At the same time, continuous transverse partitions 25 and 26 are placed inside the cavity of the conical pipe 23 and the longitudinal channels formed by the nozzles 24, which ensure the separation of the space of the smoking chamber 1 into the smoking zone and the drying zone. Moreover, part of the perforated conical pipe 23 corresponding to the smoking zone, and part of the channel nozzles 24 are made of ferromagnetic material and connected to the positive pole of a high-voltage source (not shown), corresponding to the drying zone. And part of the channel nozzles 24, corresponding to the smoking zone and part of the perforated conical pipe 23, corresponding to the drying zone are made of non-ferromagnetic material and have zero charge.

Moreover, from the collector 9, one branch of the pipeline 27 is adjacent by means of a confuser 28 to the longitudinal channels formed by the channel nozzles 24, and the other branch of the pipeline 29 is connected to the internal cavity of the part of the perforated conical pipe 23 corresponding to the drying zone.

The smoking chamber 1 is mounted rotatably with the help of bandages 30 and 31, a support 32 and a drive roller 33.

A thermocouple 34 is located in the working space of the smoke generator 2 to ensure heating of the perforated sheet 35 located above it. A rotary device 38 is used to dispense a portion onto the perforated sheet 35 of sawdust 36 from the hopper 37. To control the temperature of the sawdust pyrolysis, the smoke generator 2 is equipped with a temperature controller 39. Visual control over the process of smoke generation is carried out through the viewing window 40. In the lower part of the smoke generator 2, a blower 41 is provided for removing ash.

In the smoking chamber 1, the product 42 is located on a layer on the surface of the channel nozzles 24 coated with a perforated conical pipe 23.

Installation for the electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed operates as follows.

In the working space of the smoke generator 2 (Fig. 1), sawdust 36 from the hopper 37 is poured onto the perforated sheet 35, adjusting their supply by the rotary device 38, then the thermocouple 34 is turned on and the sawdust is heated to a temperature of 290-300 ⁰ С for pyrolysis and formation smoke mixture. The temperature regime of the sawdust pyrolysis process 36 is set using a temperature controller 39 connected to a thermocouple 34. The resulting smoke-air mixture is sent to the smoke-air mixture supply system, and the resulting ash is poured into the blower 41. A visual inspection of the smoke generation process is carried out through the viewing window 40.

From the smoke generator 2, the smoke-air mixture is sucked off by the rotary pump 3 and enters the filter 4, where it is cleaned of carcinogenic components, after which the mixing chamber 6 of the ejector 5 passes (Fig. 2), in which it is mixed with the stream with the recirculated exhaust smoke-air mixture. The resulting mixture is then injected through the collector 9 into the smoking chamber 1, passing before this the ionization chamber 7 with the emitters 8. In the ionization chamber 7, the smoke-air mixture passing through the gaps between the corona electrodes of the emitters 8 is intensively ionized by the electrostatic field and the particles of the mixture are obtained, for example negative charge.

The initial product subjected to the smoking process, through the stationary loading device 10 (Fig. 4) and using the blade nozzles 13, is directed inside the smoking chamber 1 and is placed by a layer 42 on the surface of the channel nozzles 24 passing along the entire smoking chamber 1.

When the drive roller 33 is rotated (its drive is not shown conditionally), the smoking chamber 1 is rotated due to its interaction with the bandage 31. Under the action of the smoking chamber 1, the dispersed product is mixed, moving from the end wall 11 to the discharge hatch 20 of the smoking chamber 1, passing sequentially drying and smoking zones, after which it enters the unloading chamber 21 (Fig. 6), from which it is removed outside the installation.

The ionized smoke-and-gas mixture obtained in the ionization chamber 7, through the collector 9, the pipe 27 and the confuser 28 (Fig. 3) enters the supply part of the channels and through the longitudinal slotted openings between the channel nozzles 24 along their length enters under the product layer 42, where due to The effect of directed motion under the influence of an electrostatic field intensively passes through it (i.e., is filtered), saturates with the aroma of smoke and leaves through its upper surface. At the same time, through the collector 9 and the pipe 29 located inside the perforated conical pipe 23, the flow of the ionized smoke-air mixture from the ionization chamber 7 enters the internal cavity of the part of the perforated conical pipe 23. This mixture due to the directional motion under the action of the electrostatic field in the drying zone passes through the product layer 42 in the front along its part of the smoking chamber 1, located between the transverse partition 25 and the device for removal of waste smoke mixture 14.

In this case, when the smoking chamber 1 is rotated, the longitudinal channels formed by the channel nozzles 24 are adjacent to the manifold pipe 9 and to the exhaust smoke / air exhaust device 14, arranged so that the supply and exhaust of the smoke / air mixture occurs only through the channels located under the product layer 42.

The spent smoke and air mixture passing through the product layer 42 is transported through the recirculation pipe 15 and 16 to the condenser 18 by means of a pump 17, where it is separated from moisture removed from the product, which makes it possible to reuse it in the process of smoking by mixing in the chamber 6 of the ejector 5 with the original smoke-air mixture obtained in the smoke generator 2.

The advantages of the proposed installation for electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in an overflowing layer are as follows: the location inside the smoking chamber of a conical perforated pipe allows you to form a layer of variable cross-section for the supply and removal of smoke-air mixture, as well as to increase the degree of filling of the smoking chamber; the presence of continuous transverse partitions in the channels of the channel nozzles and in the perforated conical pipe allows you to divide the smoking chamber into two zones: the smoking zone and the drying zone, which contributes to a uniform and high-quality smoking process; the use of a collector for supplying a smoke-air mixture allows sequentially implementing drying and smoking processes, which reduces the consumption of thermal energy; the connection of the central manifold pipe with the ionization chamber, equipped with emitters in the form of corona electrodes, allows for high-quality preparation of the smoke-air mixture and intensifies the process of deposition of smoke components on the product in an electrostatic field.

The proposed installation for electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed allows you to:

- to intensify the smoking process due to the deposition of smoke components on the surface of the product in an electrostatic field;

- to ensure a uniform distribution of smoke substances throughout the product layer by increasing the useful volume of the chamber and applying the effect of the constant mixing mode i.e. smoke substances are filtered through the product layer, which ensures their uniform distribution throughout the product layer;

- reduce energy costs, and, consequently, reduce the cost of production;

- improve the quality of food preparation;

- increase the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product;

- reduce the amount of smoke emissions and, therefore, protect the environment.

Claims (1)

Installation for electrostatic smoking of dispersed products in a spill bed, containing a horizontal cylindrical smoking chamber mounted for rotation, a system for supplying and removing smoke-air mixture, loading and unloading devices, characterized in that a perforated conical pipe is placed along the axis and the entire length of the smoking chamber , the larger base of which is adjacent to the flange of the unloading device, and channel nozzles are installed on the inner surface of the smoking chamber, indicating longitudinal channels, while inside the cavity of the conical pipe and longitudinal channels there are continuous transverse partitions providing separation of the smoking chamber space into the smoking zone and the drying zone, the part of the perforated conical pipe corresponding to the smoking zone and part of the channel nozzles made of ferrimagnetic material and connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage source, and part of the channel nozzles corresponding to the smoking zone, and part of the perforated pipe, respectively The existing drying zone is made of non-ferromagnetic material and has zero charge, while the smoke chamber is connected to the smoke generator through the smoke-air mixture supply system, which in turn includes a filter, a rotary pump, an ejector, an ionization chamber with emitters connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage source, and a collector , one branch of the pipeline from which is adjacent to the longitudinal channels, and the other branch of the pipeline is connected to the internal cavity of the part of the perforated conical pipe, with tvetstvuyuschey drying zone and mixing chamber is connected to the ejector pipe through the condenser and the recirculating pump with a device for removing the waste smoke-air mixture.

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