RU2629979C1 - Smoke generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: smoke generator includes a vertical insulated cylindrical housing, a removable conical hopper for wood, a vertical shaft with a tedder, a smoke chamber, chimneys. The vertical shaft passes through the height of the hopper. The dosing device is made in the form of a steel disc with a segment bent 90° upwards, and is located on the shaft end at the hopper bottom. A segment cut-out for the batch feeding of wood raw material into the smoke chamber is made in the bunker bottom. The smoke chamber is a thin-walled removable replaceable conical-shaped cup with perforations in the bottom. A heating element is mounted on the outer side of the cup by coiling over its surface. Outside the heating element there is a steel reflector of thermal radiation, also conical-shaped. In the lower part of the smoke generator, a pipe with a valve is brought directly to the pyrolysis area for the dosed supply of air in the required amount for the flameless smouldering of the wood raw material.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the smoke generator efficiency.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the food industry, catering and is intended to generate smoke in smoke plants.

A known smoke generator, including a sawdust hopper, a cylindrical smoke chamber with a window for supplying air and a smoke exhaust pipe. The chamber is mounted four-section under with an electric heater and a sector hole for the removal of burned sawdust. Each hearth section has a regulator of the heating temperature, decreasing from the sawdust loading zone to the area of the sector opening of the removal of burnt sawdust. Scrapers are radially mounted above the bottom. The metering hopper has a vertical shaft with inclined blades fixed over its entire surface. The electric drive shaft is equipped with a timer. The cylindrical smoke-generating chamber has three windows with shutters for air supply. The windows are vertically offset and rotated relative to each other by 120 ° (RF Patent No. 2566686, publ. 10.27.2015).

The disadvantages of this smoke generator are the ability to work only on sawdust, which reduces its versatility when working on such types of raw materials as wood chips, pellets of various calibers (sawdust from the most valuable wood species for smoking is more scarce than wood chips from such species, which are often manufactured on crushers in the conditions of the smokehouse). The use of three windows to supply air inside the apparatus instead of mixing it with smoke outside the enclosure carries the potential risk of fire in emergency conditions (for example, failure of the agitator motor or temperature controllers, etc.). The presence of an electrically heated hearth reduces the coefficient of heat transfer from the heater to the wood raw material. The removal of ash from the casing through the sector hole of the hearth without unburned wood raw materials requires clearly defined rotation speeds of the agitator shafts and sawdust dispenser, depending on the moisture and density (rock) of the latter, which complicates the operation or increases the efficiency of wood raw materials. In addition, complicate the design of the smoke generator, reduce its reliability and increase the manufacturing cost of the following features: the presence of two autonomous gear motors for the metering shaft and agitator shaft; the presence of several sections in the hearth with the appropriate number of heating elements and temperature controllers.

A smoke generator is known, including a sawdust combustion chamber, a hopper with a agitator, a sawdust dispenser, a vertically mounted electric heater under the form of a hollow cylinder with a heat insulator on the outside, a mesh chimney, an ash pan, a smoke filter and a drive with an automatic regulator for feeding sawdust. A vertical shaft passes through underneath, making an intermittent rotational movement. A doser for sawdust and a mesh chimney located directly in the hollow cylinder are fixed on the shaft (RF Patent No. 2050782, publ. 12/27/1995).

The disadvantages of the claimed design of the smoke generator is the preheating and drying of sawdust in the hopper with the resulting hot smoke as a result of movement in the chimney, which does not allow to obtain the necessary technological properties of the conditioned smoke required for various types of smoking (cold, semi-hot, hot, in an electrostatic field), and also for processing various types of food products (in smoking technologies, wood raw materials are pre-moistened). A heated steel chimney passing through a bunker with sawdust can contribute to their critical heating and subsequent fire (for example, in the event of an emergency failure of the electronic temperature controller of the heating surface of the hearth or supplying excess fresh air to the pyrolysis zone, etc.). Exiting hot smoke must be cooled for use in cold smoking processes, which requires additional equipment and increases the cost of equipment. Structurally winding the dispenser can only ensure the movement of wood of a certain degree of chopping (sawdust), which reduces its versatility. Getting into the gap between the spiral of the dispenser and the hearth of a larger inclusion can lead to jamming of the metering and tedding mechanism, as well as damage the apparatus drive. The absence of an air gap between the sawdust located in the hopper, the batcher and the directly flowing vertical hearth carries the potential risk of wood burning in the hopper, for example, when the draft in the chimney is reduced from an external source (smoke oven fan). The draft in the chimney as the apparatus is operating will also gradually fall due to clogging of the openings of the mesh duct when soot and tar are deposited on the last. Due to the design features of the apparatus, periodic cleaning (or replacement) of the mesh part of the chimney is difficult. The complex original kinematics of the smoke generator (a drive in the form of an electromagnet and a lever-ratchet mechanism including a cable, a lever, a ratchet wheel, a spring, a guide roller and a dog), although it can partially reduce the energy consumption, can complicate the trouble-free operation of the device with a smaller resource of this drive than electric.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the SG-2 smoke generator (A. A. Romanov, E.K. Stroganova, I.E. Zinina. Handbook of technological equipment for fish processing industries. Part 2. / Ed. A .A. Romanova. - M.: Food Industry, 1979, p. 46-48). The smoke generator produces smoke for use in cold or hot smoked ovens and runs on specially prepared wood pellets of size 8 × 8 × 3 mm. The smoke generator includes two independent and independently working cylindrical sections, a system of chimneys with dampers, a filter at the exit of smoke to the smokehouse. A conical bin for calibrated wood pellets is mounted in the upper section. An electric motor with a reducer is installed above the hopper, which rotates a vertical shaft passing in the center of the smoke generator over its entire height. An agitator is mounted on the shaft in the hopper, mixing the granules in the hopper. In the lower part of the hopper, by means of a lever system, a metering cup feeds a portion of granules into the smoke chamber. Under the bunker in the smoke chamber, wood pellets are burned on the grate, under which a sliding ash pan is placed. Sawdust on the grate is aligned with horizontal blades rotating on a vertical shaft. Air is supplied through the gate under the grate to maintain the pyrolysis of the granules. Through the chimney in the upper part of the smoke chamber, smoke is discharged due to rarefaction in the smoking chamber.

The disadvantage of this design of the smoke generator is the potential danger of pellets igniting in the hopper itself by heating them from the vertical agitator shaft passing through the hopper and entering the pyrolysis zone. The smoke generator does not have the universality of working on various types of wood raw materials; it can only be used on granules specially calibrated for the grate. Upon receipt of granules of a smaller cross-section (or sawdust) on the grate, part of them will go to the ash pan without participating in pyrolysis. This reduces the versatility of the device. In addition, in this design it is difficult to maintain the required pyrolysis temperature of wood raw material throughout the entire process of smoke formation, which leads to an inhomogeneous quality of the process smoke. Due to the relatively high inertia of temperature control on the surface of the grate, heated by heating elements, it is possible to heat sawdust to temperatures higher than permissible, as well as their ignition. These factors reduce the environmental safety of process smoke due to the risk of accumulation of carcinogenic compounds in it, formed at pyrolysis temperatures above 400 ° C.

The objective of the invention is to improve the technical characteristics of the smoke generator, increasing efficiency, versatility, safety and reliability.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase safety, versatility and efficiency.

To achieve the technical result, in a smoke generator containing a vertical cylindrical body, a conical bunker for wood raw materials is placed in the upper part of the body, an electric motor with a gearbox is installed above the hopper to rotate the vertical shaft passing through the center of the body with a agitator mounted on it, a metering device located under the hopper smoke chamber, chimneys, vertical shaft with agitator passes only along the height of the hopper, the metering device is made in the form of steel of a disk with a 90 ° segment bent upward and located on the end of the shaft near the bottom of the hopper, the smoke chamber is a thin-walled removable removable conical cup with perforation in the bottom, a heating element is installed on the outside of the glass by winding along its surface, the steel reflector of the thermal radiation is also conical in shape.

The advantages of the invention are:

- the use of a cone-shaped TENA in the smoke generator design allows efficiently and uniformly heating the volume of a portion of wood raw material in the pyrolysis zone;

- the presence in the pyrolysis zone of thin-walled replaceable glasses with perforations of various caliber in the bottom provides the maximum efficiency in the pyrolysis of any size of wood (wood chips, granules, and sawdust) without leaving its part in the ash pan;

- the use in construction of a massive grate of a thin-walled removable removable conical shaped glass provides not only a quick exit of the device to the required temperature regime, but due to the conical shape of the glass, the heat transfer surface of the sawdust increases and the ash yield improves;

- the use of heat-resistant stainless steel in the design of the heating element separating the thin-walled partitions in the form of a conical removable glass, which in combination ensures the durability of the elements of the pyrolysis zone;

- the presence on the outer surface of the heating element of the steel reflector of thermal radiation of a conical shape increases the efficiency of heating and pyrolysis of wood raw materials and accordingly reduces the cost of electricity;

- the presence of a simple in design metering device in the form of a scraper-dispenser provides effective portioned dosing of wood raw materials of various degrees of grinding (wood chips, granules, sawdust), which increases the versatility of the smoke generator;

- the presence of an air gap between the bunker of wood raw materials and the pyrolysis zone prevents ignition in the bunker, thereby increasing the fire safety of the smoke generator;

- portioned air supply to the pyrolysis zone in an amount providing flameless smoldering of wood raw materials, increases the quality of process smoke and the safety of finished food products;

- the presence in the design of the smoke generator of a removable hopper provides the convenience of service of the apparatus (cleaning the internal space, replacing the removable liner of the heater, etc.);

- ease of manufacture, small metal consumption, compactness and ergonomic design reduce the cost and allow the production of smoke generators of the required performance depending on the dimensions of the apparatus and the power of the heating element (for example, for smoke-smoking enterprises of large, small or medium power).

The proposed smoke generator is illustrated in the drawing.

The drawing shows a General view of the smoke generator of the proposed design.

The smoke generator consists of a vertically located heat-insulated cylindrical body 1, in the upper part of which there is a removable loading hopper 2 of conical shape for wood raw materials (sawdust, pellets, wood chips), fixed on the tensioning latches 3 mounted on the housing 1. In the hopper 2 on a removable bracket 4 mounted shaft 5, driven in rotation from the gear motor 6. The gear motor 5 is installed above the hopper 2. For loosening wood raw materials in the hopper 2 on the shaft 5 mounted agitator 7. For dosing of wood raw materials in the area pyrolysis at the end of the shaft 5, a metering device, the so-called scraper-metering device 8, is mounted and is located at the bottom of the hopper 2. The metering device or scraper-metering device 8 is made in the form of a steel disk with a segment bent 90 ° upwards. The rotation of the scraper-dispenser 8 provides the movement of wood chips or pellets, or sawdust to the corresponding segment cutout 9 made in the bottom of the hopper 2, and the portioned exit of wood into the pyrolysis zone. In the lower part of the housing 1 under the hopper 2 there is a smoke chamber made in the form of a thin-walled removable removable cup 10 of a conical shape. On the outside of the glass 10, a heating element 11 is installed by winding along its surface, forming a cone like a glass 10. On the outer surface of the heating element 11, made of heat-resistant stainless steel, a steel reflector 12 of thermal radiation is also conical in shape to increase the efficiency of heating and pyrolysis of wood raw materials. Perforation has been made in the bottom of the removable cup 10 for the ash to exit into the removable ash pan 13. A pipe 14 with a valve 15 provides directly to the pyrolysis zone a portion air supply in the required amount for flameless wood smoldering. In the upper part of the heat-insulated casing 1, a pipe (chimney) 16 is installed for the exit of process smoke due to rarefaction in the apparatus created by an external driver, for example, a smoke chamber fan. The pipe 16 is equipped with a gas valve 17 for regulating traction in the apparatus. The voltage supply to the heater 11, automatic temperature control in the pyrolysis zone, the operation of the shaft gear motor 5, as well as the operation of the valve system is provided by the automatic control system of the smoke generator (not shown).

The smoke generator works as follows.

Wood raw materials are loaded mechanically or manually into the hopper 2, fixed with tensioning latches 3 on a heat-insulated casing 1. In the hopper 2, wood raw materials are periodically loosened by means of a agitator 7 mounted on the shaft 5, which is rotated by a gear motor 6. Simultaneously, when the shaft 5 is rotated metering scraper 8 moves a portion of wood raw material to a segment cutout 9 in the bottom of the hopper 2, from which a portion of wood falls into a removable cone-shaped cup 10. In a thin-walled removable removable glass 10, placed in the winding of the heating element 11, forming a cone similar to the glass 10, controlled heating and pyrolysis of wood raw materials takes place. The heating temperature is set depending on the type of wood raw material, its moisture content. The temperature in the pyrolysis zone is controlled by a temperature sensor of the automatic control system (not shown), the temperature is controlled by this system by changing the voltage supplied to the heater 11. The conical shape of the steel reflector 12 mounted on the outer surface of the winding of the heater 11 directs some of the heat energy back to the zone pyrolysis, increasing its efficiency in the process of smoke generation. As the wood raw material is processed during the pyrolysis process, the ash formed leaves through the perforation in the bottom of the removable cup 10 into the removable ash pan 13. As a fresh portion of the wood raw material is fed into the pyrolysis zone, it is heated and smoldered, air flows through the pipe 14 directly to the lower pyrolysis zone. There is a controlled pyrolysis of wood raw materials at temperatures not higher than 300-350 ° C, which provides flameless smoldering, increasing the quality of the process smoke and the safety of finished food products, eliminates the possibility of igniting a portion of wood in a removable glass 10. Smoke generated as a result of wood decay in the pyrolysis zone due to the rarefaction in the apparatus created by an external stimulator, for example, a smoke chamber fan, it exits the housing through the pipe 16. The draft in the smoke generator is controlled manually or automatically by second gas valve 17. If necessary, technical or sanitary maintenance of the internal volume of the smoke generator, disassemble it in the following order. The clutch connecting the drive shaft of the gear motor (not shown) and the driven shaft 5 in the hopper are opened. 2. The removable bracket 4 with the shaft 5 is removed from the hopper 2. The tension latches are opened 3. The hopper 2 is removed from the housing 1. The assembly is carried out in the reverse order .

Claims (6)

1. A smoke generator containing a vertical cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a conical hopper for wood raw materials, above which there is an electric motor with a gearbox for rotating a vertical shaft passing through the center of the housing with a tedder mounted on it, a metering device located under the hopper, smoke formation chamber, chimneys characterized in that the vertical shaft with the agitator passes along the height of the hopper, the metering device is made in the form of a steel disk with a segment bent 90 ° up and is located at an end of the shaft at the bottom of the hopper, dymobrazovaniya chamber is a thin-walled glass removable replaceable conical shape with perforations in the bottom of the outer side nozzle wound over its surface set heater, which is placed outside the thermal radiation reflector steel also of conical shape. 2. Smoke generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is removable and fixed on the tension latches mounted on the housing. 3. The smoke generator according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bottom of the hopper a segment cut is made for the portioned supply of wood raw material to the smoke chamber. 4. The smoke generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical shaft with the agitator is mounted on a removable bracket mounted in the upper part of the hopper. 5. Smoke generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element is made of heat-resistant stainless steel. 6. The smoke generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a pipe with a valve for portioning air supply in an amount providing flameless smoldering of wood raw material is connected to the smoke chamber below.

Images