RU2560065C2 - Technological line for production of shelled shrimp meat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fish industry and can be used for shrimps processing. The technological line contains the following components, structurally unified, functionally interrelated and serially installed: an accumulator bin with a doser, impurity separator, a cooler and a crust crumb and eye separator; the latter three devices are structurally identical and consist of a drive and a body with a drain tray. Installed inside the body is a rotary perforated drum with a spiral-shaped auger mounted on its inner surface and a showering device as well as a device for shrimp thermal treatment. The latter contains a U-shaped body slanted by an angle of 12-15° relative to the horizon, with a manifold in the bottom part for supply of hot sea water. Inside the body there is a rotary auger moving the shrimp from the charging funnel to the discharging tray. The crust destruction device includes a drive and two coaxially positioned shelling modules. Each module consists of a stationary body with a charging funnel and a discharging window. Positioned inside the body is a high speed rotor on the outer surface whereof (in the body cut-out) notches are made, their height and pitch equal to 3-4 mm. Installed between the charging funnel and the discharging window are sectors with similar notches on the inner surface, each having two crosswise sliding gate, one installed in the middle part of the sector with the other - in the lower part of the sector before the discharging window. The hydroseparator represents a bath with a tray mounted on the rear wall outside. The bath is separated by a crosswise partition into two sections having slanted bottoms in the depressed part whereof outlet nipples are positioned with sliding gates with nipples mounted on the front wall outside. Positioned across the section with a displacement forwards the front wall are vertical partitions with adjustable height. Mounted at the rear walls are adjustable slanted curtains with bubblers, their holes axes directed parallel to the curtains. The ejectors are embedded: one - between the doser and the impurity separator, two others - between the modules of the crust destruction device and the hydroseparator sections.

EFFECT: invention implementation will allow to enhance the resultant product quality.

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Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, namely the technique of processing small shrimp (commercial measure <90 mm), for example, tailed shrimps and northern ones, to obtain peeled food meat, and is based on the principle of high-speed mechanical peeling of heat-treated shrimp with subsequent separation of meat from the destroyed shell in a hydroseparator using seawater as a working fluid.

The line can be installed both on production vessels for processing freshly caught shrimp, and onshore enterprises for processing frozen shrimp, previously defrosted.

The greatest attention of researchers is directed to the development of mechanisms of destruction and separation of the carapace from meat, in order to obtain meat with high-quality cleaning from chitin inclusions.

A known apparatus for producing peeled shrimp, krill meat (US patent WO No. 13516 A1), the main working body of which is the mechanism of destruction of the shell. The apparatus contains a set of large diameter rollers installed with a gap, and smaller diameter rollers are located between them. The angle between the axes of the large and small rollers, in cross section, is 20-32 °. Shrimp peeling occurs in the gaps between the rollers. The productivity of this unit is 100-120 shrimps per minute.

The disadvantage of this invention is the design complexity, the need for orientation of the shrimp in a certain way when entering the apparatus and low productivity.

A device for the destruction of the shell of krill (AS No. 982213, SU), containing a cylindrical body with a notch located on its inner surface and mounted on the shaft on the shaft of the working body, made in the form of a drum, with notches placed on its outer side in the form of grooves of a triangular profile, while the notching devices of the cylindrical body are made in the form of multi-thread screw cutting of a triangular profile; the notches of the drum have a pyramidal shape, and the screw thread of the cylindrical body has an elevation angle of 1-8 °.

The disadvantages of this device are the inability to adjust the gap in which the shrimp shell is peeling, which excludes the device being configured for a certain size of shrimp, as well as excessive meat crushing due to the long path of shrimp from loading to unloading during peeling.

A device is known for extracting meat from small crustaceans (a.s. No. 921497), comprising a mechanism for destroying the shell (by means of aeration by compressed air), a container with a working fluid for separating shell crumbs from meat, and a mechanism for separating meat from the working fluid, built-in liquid ejectors and control valves.

The closest is the technical solution - a line for the production of krill meat, developed by VNIRO together with NPO Mir (VNIIKI-Prodmash), containing a hopper, inspection and washing conveyors, variator-blancher, a device for destroying the shell, according to A.S. No. 921497, conveyor cooler, centrifuge (Antarctic krill: Handbook / Edited by V.M. Bykova. - M.: VNIRO Publishing House, 2001. - 207 p. + 6 p. Incl.).

The disadvantage of this line is the increased energy intensity, because it is necessary to use a powerful air compressor, low rheological properties, since a high temperature of up to 93-95 ° C is used for heat treatment of shrimps, as well as low productivity of the plant for raw, which is only 120 kg / h, and the yield of refined meat is 9-10% by weight of the feedstock.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a technological line for producing peeled meat from small shrimp with improved rheological properties, increased productivity and increased yield of peeled meat, and less energy-intensive.

To solve the problem in the production line for obtaining peeled meat from small shrimps, containing connected pipelines, built-in ejectors and control valves in sequential order: storage hopper with a batcher and an impurity separator located behind it, a shrimp heat treatment device, an armor destruction device and a hydroseparator for separating meat from the shell, according to the invention, further comprises a cooler located behind the heat treatment device and located behind the hydroseparator, the separator of the shell crumb and eyes, each of which, as well as the separator of impurities, consists of a horizontally located case with a tray for collecting and draining free water, a rotating perforated drum with a spiral screw fixed to its internal surface and a choking device are installed, located inside the perforated drum along its axis of rotation and connected to the body, a shrimp heat treatment device consisting of a U-shaped body with nozzles in part for supplying hot water, inclined at an angle of 12-15 ° to the horizon, in the lower part of which a loading funnel is installed on top, and in the upper part there is an unloading window with a tray, a rotating auger is located inside the case, and the shell destruction device consists of a drive and two identical, coaxially located, peeling modules, consisting of a fixed body with a loading funnel and an unloading window, a rapidly rotating rotor is located inside the body, on the outer surface of which there are notches in de pyramidal pointed protrusions with a height and a pitch of 3-4 mm, in the housing between the feed funnel and the discharge window, a sector is fixed with a similar notch on the inner surface and having two transverse movable slide gates, one of which is installed in its middle part, and the second in front the discharge window with an adjustable clearance in relation to the rotor, and the hydroseparator is a bath with a tray fixed on the outside of the rear wall, divided by a longitudinal partition into two sections, inclined under at an angle of 25-35 ° to the bottom horizon line, in the lower part of which there are exhaust pipes with slide gates for removing cleaned meat, pipes are curved on the outside of the front wall, curved inside the sections, height-adjustable partitions are arranged across the sections with an offset to the front wall , at the rear walls of the sections there are installed obliquely adjustable curtains with bubblers, the axis of the openings of which are parallel to the curtains, and ejectors consisting of an ejector chamber with a nozzle, a loading funnel and an extension of the cone, built-in: one - between the dispenser and the separator of impurities, and two - between the modules of the shell destruction device and the sections of the hydraulic separator.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", because it is not known from the prior art - the set of essential features is not known from published in the world information about technological lines of the same purpose.

The applicant believes that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", since for the authors of this application it does not explicitly follow from the prior art; the authors did not identify solutions that have features that match its distinctive features.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", because the claimed production line meets the specified purpose and can be used in the fishing industry for the production of high-quality meat from small shrimps.

Common essential features with the prototype: the production line contains connected pipelines with built-in ejectors and control valves: a hopper with a dispenser, an impurity separator, a shrimp heat treatment device, a shell destruction device and a hydraulic separator to separate the meat from the shell.

Distinctive salient features:

- the shrimp heat treatment device consists of a U-shaped body with nozzles in the bottom for supplying hot water, inclined at an angle of 12-15 ° to the horizon, while a loading funnel is installed at the top of the case at the bottom, and an unloading window is located at the top of the bottom , inside the housing is a rotating auger;

- the shell destruction device consists of a drive and two identical, coaxially located peeling modules, consisting of a fixed body with a loading funnel and an unloading window, a rapidly rotating rotor is located inside the body, on the outer surface of which there are notches in the form of pointed protrusions with a height and a pitch of 3-4 mm , in the housing between the loading funnel and the discharge window, a sector is fixed with a similar notch on the inner surface and having two transverse slide gates, one of which is installed in its the middle part, and the second - in front of the discharge window with a gap with respect to the rotor;

- the hydroseparator is a bath with a tray fixed on the outside of the back wall, divided by a longitudinal partition into two sections, inclined at an angle of 25-35 ° to the bottom horizon line, in the lower part of which there are outlet pipes with slide gates for removing cleaned meat, on on the outside of the front wall there are fixed branch pipes curved inwardly of the sections; vertically adjustable partitions are arranged vertically across the sections with an offset to the front wall; the rear walls of the sections are inclined but-adjustable curtain with spargers, orifices whose axes are parallel shutters;

- ejectors, consisting of an ejector chamber with a nozzle, a loading funnel and an expansion cone, are built-in: one between the dispenser and the impurity separator, and two between the shell destruction modules and the hydroseparator sections;

- additionally, the processing line contains a cooler located behind the heat treatment device, and an armor-crumble and eye separator located behind the hydroseparator, while the cooler, armor-eye crumb and eye separator, and impurity separator are structurally identical and each of them consists of a horizontally located body with an outlet a hole and a drain pan, inside of which a perforated drum is mounted, on the inner surface of which a spiral auger is fixed, and inside it, along the axis of rotation I, a choking device is located.

The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that a technological line has been created for obtaining peeled meat from small shrimps:

- with improved rheological properties of meat due to the heat treatment of shrimp at a temperature of 45-70 ° C, at which the meat structure retains juiciness;

- with a reduced degree of crushing of meat due to the design of the device for the destruction of the shell, allowing you to change the gaps between the rotor and the sector, as well as between the rotor and movable gates;

- with increased productivity and an increased yield of refined meat up to 22% of the feedstock due to the reduction of meat loss in the hydroseparator in the case of an increased degree of crushing it, because small particles float easily and are disposed of with waste;

- the production line is less energy intensive because it is not burdened with equipment with high energy consumption.

In the new device, all technological units are in constructive unity and functional interconnection for obtaining peeled meat from small shrimps.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a processing line for producing peeled meat from small shrimp.

In FIG. 2 shows an image of structurally identical separators of impurities, a cooler, a separator of shell crumbs and eyes.

In FIG. 3 shows an image of a shrimp heat treatment device.

In FIG. 4 is a view of a general view of the shell destruction device.

In FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional image of a peeling module of a shell destruction device.

In FIG. 6 shows an image of a notch on the rotor and sector.

In FIG. 7 shows an image of a hydroseparator, a section along the side wall.

In FIG. 8 is an image of an ejector.

The processing line for obtaining peeled meat from small shrimps, presented in the form of a diagram in FIG. 1, contains a storage hopper with a dispenser 1, an impurity separator 2, a shrimp heat treatment device 3, a cooler 4, an armor destruction device 5, a hydroseparator 6, an armor and eye separator 7, ejectors 8 and 8a (identical in design) and pipelines 9 , 10 and 11.

Structurally identical impurity separator 2, cooler 4 and armor-crusher and eye separator 7 consist (Fig. 2) of a drive 12, a horizontal housing 13 with a drain pan 14 for collecting and draining free water, a rotating drum 15 with ellipsoid perforation with a spiral screw 16 fixed to its inner surface and a choking device 17 located inside the perforated drum along its axis of rotation and connected to the housing.

The shrimp heat treatment device (Fig. 3) consists of a drive 18 of a U-shaped body 19, inclined at an angle of 12-15 ° to the horizon, with a collector 20 in the bottom for supplying hot sea water. The tilt of the housing is necessary to provide the cooking process with the necessary, constant volume of cooking water. In the lowered part of the casing, a loading funnel 21 is located on top, and in the raised part, on the lower side of the casing, there is an unloading tray 22 through which the shrimp is removed and excess water is removed. Inside the housing there is a rotating screw 23, which moves the shrimp from the loading funnel to the discharge tray.

The shell destruction device (Fig. 4) includes a drive 24 and two identical, coaxially located, peeling modules 25, each of which consists (Fig. 5) of a fixed housing 26 with a loading funnel 27 and a discharge window 28, a rapidly rotating rotor 29 is located inside the housing , on the outer surface of which (Fig. 6) pyramidal notches 30 are made with a height and a pitch of 3-4 mm, sectors 31 with a similar notch on the inner surface and having two transverse sliding gates are installed in the cutouts of the cases, between the loading funnel and the discharge window fa st 32, set one - in the middle of the sector, and the second - at the bottom of the sector before the window discharge.

The hydraulic separator (Fig. 7) is a bath 33 with a tray 34, mounted on the outside of the rear wall, for receiving and removing the destroyed shell; the bath is divided by a longitudinal partition 35 into two sections, inclined at an angle of 25-35 ° to the horizon line of the bottom 36, in the lower (lowered) part of which there are outlet pipes with slide gates 37 for removing the cleaned meat. On the outside of the front wall there are fixed pipes 38, curved into the sections, for supplying the shrimp-water mixture, vertically adjustable partitions 39 are arranged across the sections with an offset to the front wall; at the rear walls of the sections installed obliquely adjustable curtains 40 with bubblers 41, the axis of the openings of which are parallel to the curtains. Near the front walls in the sections, additional bubblers 42 are installed through which, if necessary, water is supplied to maintain the working level of water in the hydroseparator.

Ejectors 8 and 8a (Fig. 8) consist of an ejector chamber 43 with a nozzle 44, a loading funnel 46, and an expansion cone 45.

The processing line operates as follows:

Freshly caught or defrosted shrimp are fed into the storage hopper 1 through a dispenser located in the lower part of the body and tuned for a given performance, the shrimp enter the ejector 8, which transfers them through the pipeline 9 to the impurity separator 2.

In the separator of impurities when moving the shrimp with a spiral screw 16 inside the perforated drum 15 with jets of water of the scenting device 17, fragments of antennas, legs, mustaches, etc. are washed through the perforation, and the water is separated at the outlet.

From the separator of impurities, the shrimp enters the loading funnel of the heat treatment device 3. The temperature of the heat treatment of defrosted shrimp is 45-55 ° C, freshly caught - 55-70 ° C. The duration of the heat treatment is 1-5 minutes and is set by changing the number of revolutions of the screw 23. The water in which the shrimp is heat treated is supplied to the housing continuously through a collector 20 located along the housing in the bottom.

After boiling the shrimp, with excess water, flow through the tray 22 into the cooler 4, as already mentioned, structurally identical with the separator of impurities and the separator of shell crumbs and eyes. Here, shrimp are cooled by jets of cold water, and at the exit from it, water is separated.

From the cooler, the shrimps are sent to the loading funnels 27 of the peeling modules 25 of the shell destruction device 5, through which they enter the peeling zone between the rotor 29 and the sector 31. During the passage of the shrimp of the peeling zone, numerous shell ruptures and its separation from the meat. By changing the gap in the peeling zone and the gaps between the rotor 29 and the edge of the gate 32, they achieve improved peeling quality. The choice of the size of the gap is carried out experimentally for the prevailing size of the processed shrimp.

From the unloading windows 28 of the peeling modules, the resulting mixture of meat and the destroyed shell enters the ejectors 8a located under each peeling module. If necessary, to exclude the occurrence of shrimp with a broken shell on the walls of the loading funnels of ejectors, a small amount of water may be added to the loading funnels of the husking modules. Ejectors 8a through pipelines 10, through curved pipes 38, feed an aqueous mixture of meat and broken shell into the corresponding sections of the hydraulic separator 6, into the zones between the front wall of the section and the height-adjustable partitions 39 (zones of tranquility and simultaneous distribution along the width of the sections of the mixture flow). Then, overflowing through the partitions 39, as you move to the back wall of the foam mixture, there is a gravitational separation of the shrimp meat from the shell. Small particles of the destroyed shell along with the formed foam move along the section and, overflowing through the back wall, fall into the waste collection tray 34. The larger particles of the shell settling under the influence of gravity are captured by the streams of water jets of the bubbler 41 and along the inclined surface of the shutters 40, they overflow into tray 34. The angle of inclination of the blinds is selected experimentally so that its lower edge is in the zone of separation of the cleaned meat from the shell. The meat goes down and along the inclined bottom 36 of the section, the flow of water, through the slide gate valves of the exhaust pipes 37, is carried out from the hydroseparator. Near the front walls in sections, additional bubblers 42 are installed, supplying, if necessary, water to maintain the working level of water in the hydroseparator.

The cleaned shrimp meat from the hydroseparator through pipelines 11 is transferred to the shell crusher and eye separator 7, where the meat is further cleaned of possible shell crumb residues, as described in relation to the impurity separator. The peeled meat is sent for taring.

Claims (1)

A production line for obtaining peeled meat from small shrimps, containing in series the following connected by pipelines, built-in ejectors and control valves: a storage hopper with a dispenser and an impurity separator located behind it, a shrimp heat treatment device, a shell destruction device and a hydraulic separator to separate the meat from the shell characterized in that it further comprises a cooler located behind the heat treatment device and a separator located behind the hydroseparator cirrus crumbs and eyes, each of which, as well as an impurity separator, consists of a horizontally located case with a tray for collecting and draining free water, a rotary perforated drum with a spiral screw fixed to its inner surface and a choking device located inside the perforated drum are installed along its axis of rotation and connected to the body, a shrimp heat treatment device consisting of a U-shaped body with pipes in the bottom for supplying hot water, inclined at an angle of 12-15 ° to the horizon, in the lower part of which a loading funnel is installed on top, and an unloading window with a tray is located on the upper part, a rotating screw is located inside the housing, and the shell destruction device consists of a drive and two identical, coaxially arranged, peeling modules, consisting of a fixed body with a loading funnel and an unloading window, a rapidly rotating rotor is located inside the housing, on the outer surface of which there are notches in the form of pyramidal pointed protrusions shaped with a height and a pitch of 3-4 mm, in the housing between the loading funnel and the discharge window, a sector is fixed with a similar notch on the inner surface and having two transverse movable slide gates, one of which is installed in its middle part, and the second in front of the discharge window with adjustable gap with respect to the rotor, and the hydroseparator is a bath with a tray fixed on the outside of the rear wall, divided by a longitudinal partition into two sections, inclined at an angle of 25-35 ° to the bottom horizon line, in the lower part of which there are outlet pipes with slide gates for removing cleaned meat, on the outside of the front wall there are fixed pipes curved into the sections, height-adjustable partitions are vertically arranged across the sections with an offset to the front wall, and tilt-adjustable curtains are installed at the rear walls of the sections bubblers, the axis of the openings of which are directed parallel to the curtains, and ejectors, consisting of an ejector chamber with a nozzle, a loading funnel and an expansion cone, are integrated: one - I’m waiting for a dispenser and an impurity separator, and two between the modules of the shell destruction device and the hydroseparator sections.

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