RU2559877C1 - Universal diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes universal diesel fuel consisting of a base component with additives in amount of 0.02-0.04 wt % antiwear additive and 0.15-0.30 wt % cetane-enhancing additive, wherein the base component is an oil fraction which boils in the range of 170-340°C, or a mixture thereof with delayed coking and/or catalytic cracking gas oil, which boils in the range of 170-340°C, with subsquent hydrofining and hydrodewaxing or hydroisomerisation, as well as deep stabilisation to an initial boiling point not lower than 175°C, which enables to obtain quality properties which satisfy diesel fuel for both a moderate climate and for the cold or Arctic climate: cetane number of not less than 51; density at 15°C, 820-840 kg/cm³; closed-cup flash point not lower than 55°C; kinematic viscosity at 40°C, 2.0-4.0 mm²/s.

EFFECT: obtaining universal diesel fuel, having a high flash point and kinematic viscosity, which enables use thereof for cold and Arctic fuel and for a moderate climate.

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Description

The invention relates to oil refining, and in particular to the development of universal diesel fuel, which can be used in any climatic conditions on the territory of Russia.

Diesel fuel is designed for high-speed diesel and gas turbine engines.

It is known that diesel fuel was obtained by hydrotreating straight-run middle distillate fractions of the appropriate fractional composition until the requirements of the standard for sulfur content were met. As a raw material for hydrotreating, a mixture of middle distillate fractions of direct distillation and secondary processes, often straight-run diesel fuel and light catalytic cracking gas oil with the addition of additives, was often used. (Fuels, lubricants, industrial fluids. Assortment and application. Handbook edited by V. M. Shkolnikov. M., ed. Center "Techinform", 1999, p. 92-100).

In connection with the tightening of requirements for diesel fuel, GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009) “Euro diesel fuel. Technical conditions ”, which provides for separate receipt:

- diesel fuel for a temperate climate;

- diesel fuel for cold and arctic climate.

To improve the operational properties of fuels, GOST allows the use of additives.

According to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009) diesel fuel for a temperate climate has a cetane number of at least 51 points, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C 2-4.5 mm ² / s, flash point in a closed crucible not lower than 55 ° C (table. 2), and is most favorable for the operation of high-speed diesel engines. However, it has a high limiting filterability temperature (not higher than -20 ° C, Table 3) on a cold filter and cannot be used during the cold period in regions with a cold and arctic climate.

In the cold season, in regions with a cold and arctic climate, diesel fuel is used for the cold and arctic climate (Table 4). This fuel has a lower cetane number (47-49 points], kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C (lower limit 1.2-1.5 mm ² / s) and a flash point in a closed crucible not lower than 30 ° C, which is less favorable for operation of high-speed diesel engines, however, the temperature index of filterability on a cold filter (-38 ° C and -44 ° C) allows its use in the cold period in regions with a cold and arctic climate.

It is known that diesel fuel for cold and arctic climates is obtained by isolating a narrow fraction of diesel fuel having a low filterability temperature on a cold filter, followed by hydrotreating to reduce the sulfur content to the requirements of GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009) and lung distillation fractions.

In this case, the cetane number of the finished product is at the level of 47-48 points, and rises to 49 points by adding 0.03% of the cetane-raising additive. This fuel has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C of about 1.5 mm ² / s (1.2 mm ² / s for the Arctic) and a flash point in a closed crucible of 30-35 ° C.

Similar results are achieved when producing diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate using standard technology using catalytic dewaxing and catalytic isomerization of diesel oil fractions (data from Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka LLC).

This fuel has a number of significant disadvantages that are unfavorable for the operation of high-speed diesel engines:

- the value of the cetane number is less than 51 points;

- kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C - less than 2 mm ² / s;

- the inconvenience of separate transportation and storage in remote regions of diesel fuel for a temperate climate and diesel fuel for a cold and arctic climate, leading to an increase in the cost of these operations.

Diesel fuel for a cold and arctic climate has a flash point in a closed crucible not lower than 30 ° C, although the flash point in a closed crucible is not lower than 55 ° C most favorable for operation of high-speed diesel engines, which also increases the fire hazard during their operation.

The objective of the invention is to develop a universal diesel fuel that can be used in any climatic conditions in Russia, that is, both diesel fuel for the cold and Arctic climate, and diesel fuel for a temperate climate, and which is most favorable for the operation of high-speed diesel engines.

The problem is solved by creating a universal diesel fuel, which consists of a base component with additives in the amount of 0.02-0.04% of the mass. anti-wear additives and 0.15-0.30% wt., cetane-raising additives and is characterized in that the base component is a fraction of oil boiling in the range 170-340 ° C, or its mixture with gas oil delayed coking and / or catalytic cracking, boiling within 170-340 ° C, followed by hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing or hydroisomerization, as well as deep stabilization to a boiling point of at least 175 ° C, allowing to obtain quality indicators that satisfy diesel fuel for both cold and arctic climate and temperate climate:

Cetane number, not less 51 Density at 15 ° С, kg / m ³ 820-840 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° С, not less than 55 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° С, mm ² / s 2.0-4.0

Moreover, an increase in the cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point in the closed crucible of diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate favorably affects its operational characteristics for high-speed diesel engines.

In the course of the studies, an unobvious fact was revealed, which was not described earlier, that with a deeper removal of light fractions from the base component, which underwent hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing or hydroisomerization with a boiling point from 157-159 ° C to 175 ° C [from the boiling volume to 180 ° From 9-9.5% vol. up to 2.5-3.7% vol.) the flash point increases from 35 ° C to 55-56 ° C and the kinematic viscosity increases at 40 ° C from 1.7-1.8 mm ² / s to 2.2- 2.5 mm ² / s. At the same time, which is extremely important, the filterability temperature on a cold filter does not change during the distillation of light low-acetane hydrocarbons, but in combination with the addition of a cetane-raising additive in an amount of 0.15-0.30% by mass. allows you to provide the necessary cetane number.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1 (comparative)

Diesel fuel is obtained from a mixture of Urals-type oils, from which a 170-340 ° C fraction is isolated to obtain the base component, which is subjected to hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing. A fraction boiling up to 157 ° C is distilled off from the obtained product, and an antiwear additive in the amount of 0.02% of the mass is added to it. and cetane-increasing additive in an amount of 0.30% of the mass. Diesel fuel has the following indicators:

Cetane number 47.4 Cetane index 45 Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ 819 The content of polycyclic hydrocarbons,% mass. 2.7 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg / kg 6.0 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C 35 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 1.8 Lubricity, microns 432

Fractional composition,% vol .:

distilled at temperatures up to 180 ° C 3 distilled at temperatures up to 340 ° C 97 filterability on a cold filter, ° C -44

According to the main indicators, the obtained diesel fuel corresponds to diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009), but does not correspond to diesel fuel for a moderate climate in kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, flash point in a closed crucible, by cetane number and density at 15 ° C.

Example 2 (comparative}

Diesel fuel is obtained from a mixture of Urals-type oils, from which a 170-340 ° C fraction is isolated to obtain the base component, which is subjected to hydrotreating and hydroisomerization. A fraction boiling up to 159 ° C is distilled off from the obtained product, and an anti-wear additive in the amount of 0.02% of the mass and a cetane-raising additive in the amount of 0.30% of the mass are added to it. Diesel fuel has the following indicators:

Cetane number 47.9 Cetane index 45.3 Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ 817 The content of polycyclic hydrocarbons,% mass. 2,4 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg / kg 5,0 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C 34 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 1.7 Lubricity, microns 427

Fractional composition,% vol .:

distilled at temperatures up to 180 ° C 9.5 distilled at temperatures up to 340 ° C 91.5 filterability on a cold filter, ° C -44

According to the main indicators, the obtained diesel fuel corresponds to diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009), but does not correspond to diesel fuel for a moderate climate in kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, flash point in a closed crucible, by cetane number and density at 15 ° C.

Example 3

Diesel fuel is obtained from a mixture of Urals-type oils, from which a 170-340 ° C fraction is isolated to obtain the base component, which is subjected to hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing. The resulting product is sent for deep stabilization to a boiling point of at least 175 ° C and anti-aging additive is added to it in an amount of 0.02% of the mass. and a cetane enhancing additive in an amount of 0.30% by weight, which provides a flash point in a closed crucible of at least 55 ° C. Diesel fuel has the following indicators:

Cetane number 51.3 Cetane index 46.5 Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ 823.1 The content of polycyclic hydrocarbons,% mass. 2,8 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C 55 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg / kg 7.5 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 2.45 Lubricity, microns 418

Fractional composition,% vol .:

distilled at temperatures up to 180 ° C 3 distilled at temperatures up to 250 ° C 67 distilled at temperatures up to 340 ° C 97 filterability on a cold filter, ° C -44

According to the main indicators, the obtained diesel fuel corresponds to diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009), but the value of the cetane number increases to 51.3, has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C of 2.45 mm ² / s and a flash point in a closed crucible of 55 ° C, which allows it to be used both in cold and arctic, and in temperate climates.

Example 4

Diesel fuel is obtained from a mixture of Urals-type oils, from which a 170-340 ° C fraction is isolated to obtain the base component, which is subjected to hydrotreating and hydroisomerization. The resulting product is sent for deep stabilization to a boiling point of not lower than 175 ° C and anti-aging additive is added to it in the amount of 0.02% of the mass, and a cetane-raising additive in the amount of 0.15% of the mass, which ensures a flash point of not less than 55 ° C.

Diesel fuel has the following indicators:

Cetane number 51.5 Cetane index 48.0 Density at 15 ° С, kg / m ³ 828 The content of polycyclic hydrocarbons,% mass. 2,5 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C 55 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg / kg 5,0 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 2,30 Lubricity, microns 418

Fractional composition,% vol .:

distilled at temperatures up to 180 ° C 2,5 distilled at temperatures up to 250 ° C 66 distilled at temperatures up to 340 ° C 96 filterability on a cold filter, ° C -44

According to the main indicators, the obtained diesel fuel corresponds to diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009), however, it has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C of 2.30 mm ² / s and a flash point of 55 ° C, which allows its use both in cold and arctic, and in temperate climates.

Example 6

Diesel fuel is obtained from a mixture of straight-run diesel fractions with light gas oil of catalytic cracking and light gas oil of coking, boiling in the range of 170-340 ° C, in a mass ratio of 60; 15:25, which is subjected to hydrotreating and hydrodeparaffinization. The resulting product is sent for deep stabilization to a boiling point not lower than 175 ° C and antiwear additive in the amount of 0.04% of the mass is added to it. and cetane-increasing additive in an amount of 0.30% of the mass.

Diesel fuel has the following indicators:

Cetane number 51.6 Cetane index 47.0 Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ 830 The content of polycyclic hydrocarbons,% mass. 5.9 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C 56 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg / kg 6.0 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 2.60 Lubricity, microns 440

Fractional composition,% vol .:

distilled at temperatures up to 180 ° C 3,7 distilled at temperatures up to 250 ° C 65 distilled at temperatures up to 340 ° C 96 filterability on a cold filter, ° C -39

According to the main indicators, the obtained diesel fuel corresponds to diesel fuel for the cold and arctic climate according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN-590-2009), however, it has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C of 2.60 mm ² / s and a flash point of 56 ° C, which allows its use both in cold and arctic, and in temperate climates.

Thus, a universal diesel fuel has been developed, which is most favorable for the operation of high-speed diesel engines, and which can be used as diesel fuel for the cold and Arctic climate and as diesel fuel for a temperate climate, which will lead to a significant reduction in the costs of receipt, storage, operation diesel fuel, especially for areas of the Far North, while there will be no need for separate transportation and storage of diesel fuel.

Claims (1)

Universal diesel fuel, consisting of a base component with additives in an amount of 0.02-0.04 wt.% Antiwear additives and 0.15-0.30 mass. % cetane raising additive, characterized in that the base component is a fraction of oil boiling off within 170-340 ° C, or its mixture with gas oil delayed coking and / or catalytic cracking boiling off within 170-340 ° C, followed by hydrotreating and hydrodeparaffinization or hydroisomerization, as well as deep stabilization to a boiling point of at least 175 ° C, allowing to obtain quality indicators that satisfy diesel fuel for both cold and arctic climates and for temperate climates :
Cetane number, not less 51 Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ 820-840 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° C, not less 55 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, mm ² / s 2.0-4.0