RU2558243C1 - Pneumatic sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry, in particular to sowing units of seed spacing drills of tilled crops. The pneumatic sowing unit comprises a hopper with a dividing wall, a sowing device for sowing seeds of two cultures, and a vacuum chamber. The sowing device is made in the form of a drum with a vertical axis of rotation with the upper and lower compartments for seeds of different cultures, which are connected by means of vacuum grooves to the stationary vacuum chamber. The latter comprises slots for periodic communication with the vacuum grooves of the drum. And the drum is mounted on the vacuum chamber with a gap relative to it, equal to Ψ=0.11÷0.18 mm for ensuring suction of seeds in the vacuum in the system equal to 0.24÷0.28 MPa.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the simultaneous distribution of the sown seeds of two cultures.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for precision seeders of row crops, and can be used to improve the distribution of simultaneously sown seeds of two crops.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus containing in the base, pad and washer of the sowing disk made through holes for suctioning large seeds. For the suction of small seeds, the pad is provided with groups of through cuts evenly distributed around the circumference. The seed chamber is divided into two cavities isolated from one another - the upper and lower. The bottom of the upper cavity is made in the form of a leaf spring, the front end of which is stationary, and the rear has the ability to move and fix. In this case, the outer surface of the bottom is a dropper of excess seeds, which serves to remove excess large seeds from the holes of the lining. The invention extends the functionality of a pneumatic sowing apparatus and improves the quality of simultaneous sowing of seeds of various crops [RU, Patent for the invention No. 2148900].

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the inaccuracy and unevenness of the relative position of the sown seeds of two cultures.

Known pneumatic apparatus having a divided hopper for two crops and a disk for sowing two crops, consisting of a base, pads and gaskets, a vacuum cutoff is installed, which is located tightly in the gap between the pad and the base and changes the moment of cutoff of the vacuum supplied to the through cutouts of the pad. The vacuum cutoff has a plate regulator and a mechanism for moving the regulator in a tangent to the circle that describes the suction holes of the base of the sowing disk. The use of the invention allows for the possibility of regulating the relative position on the field of sown seeds of two crops. [RU, Patent for the invention No. 2181934].

The disadvantage of this apparatus is that vacuum is applied to the through meshes through a slit for sucking seeds from two adjacent sucking holes of the base, and the vacuum shut-off device blocks only one suction hole at a time, not excluding the action of the second hole, so part of the seeds may also depend on efficiency regulation is declining.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a pneumatic metering device, consisting of a base, pads and gaskets. A vacuum cutoff is installed between the base and the plate, which changes the moment of cutting off the vacuum supplied to the cells of the plate and moves tangentially to the holes. On the patch, cuts are made on one side of the cutout of the mesh with a depth from the outer radius of the pad to the outer radius of the gasket between the cell and the suction hole. For a better distribution of the seeds of the mesh relative to the beam passing through the suction hole, they are positioned towards rotation at an angle of 0 ... 0.5 of the angle between adjacent suction holes. Using the invention will allow for the regulation of the relative position on the field of the transferred seeds of two crops [RU, Patent for invention No. 2233061].

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the low reliability of the technological process of dropping seeds into the cell, the complexity of the design.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the accuracy and reliability of sowing two cultures with a metering device, simplifying the design.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of sowing seeds of row crops, uniform distribution of simultaneously sown seeds of two crops in the soil.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known pneumatic sowing apparatus containing a hopper with a dividing wall, the sowing device for sowing seeds of two crops and a vacuum chamber, according to the invention, the sowing device is made in the form of a drum with a vertical axis of rotation with upper and lower cells for seeds of different cultures that are connected through a vacuum groove to a stationary vacuum chamber containing slots for periodic communication with the vacuum grooves of the drum, the drum is mounted on a vacuum chamber with a gap relative to it equal to Ψ = 0.11 ÷ 0.18 mm to ensure the suction of seeds under vacuum in the system equal to 0.24 ÷ 0.28 MPa.

In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic metering apparatus, general view.

In FIG. 2 transverse section of the drum, at the time of grabbing the seeds of the upper row.

In FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 - cross section of the drum, at the time of grabbing the seeds of the lower row.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Pneumatic sowing apparatus, contains a seed hopper 1 with two compartments for seeds of two crops separated by a wall 2, a vertical rotating drum 3 having an upper cell for fine-grained seeds 4 with a vacuum groove of the upper cell 5, a lower cell for coarse seeds 6, with a vacuum groove of the lower cell 7. The drum is mounted on a stationary vacuum chamber 8 having an upper 9 and a lower 10 slot, vas deferens 11, vacuum wire 12, overlapping the bar 13.

Pneumatic metering device operates as follows.

Before starting work, the seed hopper 1 with the separation wall 2 is filled with the seeds of two crops. Due to its own weight, the seeds are transferred to the bottom of the hopper, where a vertical drum 3 is rotated on bearings with a mechanical drive, having an upper cell for fine-grained seeds 4 and a lower cell for coarse-grained seeds 6. A reduced pressure is created in the chamber 8 through the vacuum wire 12 and through the vacuum the groove of the upper cell 5 is sucked into the seed and held until the vacuum groove of the upper cell 5 passes through the upper slot 9. After this, having lost the force of attraction, due to its own weight falls into the seed tube 11.

Through the vacuum groove of the lower cell 7, the seed of another culture is sucked in and held until the vacuum groove of the lower cell 7 passes through the lower slot 10. After this, having lost the force of attraction, due to its own weight it falls into the seed tube 11. The overlapping bar 13 does not allow seeds one culture contact a cell designed for others.

To obtain the necessary pressure capable of isolating one seed from the seed material and grabbing, but at the same time eliminating damage during gripping and suction to grooves 5 and 7, it is necessary to observe the gap Ψ = 0.11 ÷ 0.18 mm, under the vacuum created in a system equal to 0.24 ÷ 0.28 MPa.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing device containing a hopper with a dividing wall, a sowing device for sowing seeds of two crops and a vacuum chamber, characterized in that the sowing device is made in the form of a drum with a vertical axis of rotation with the upper and lower cells for seeds of various crops, which are connected by vacuum grooves with a stationary vacuum chamber containing slots for periodic communication with the vacuum grooves of the drum, while the drum is mounted on a vacuum chamber with a gap equal to Ψ = 0.11 ÷ 0.18 mm to ensure the suction of seeds under vacuum in the system equal to 0.24 ÷ 0.28 MPa.

Images