RU2265983C1 - Automatic machine for feeding of seedlings to planting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, planting machines.

SUBSTANCE: automatic machine for feeding seedlings to planting unit has seedling hopper, feeding device, vacuum source and gate-vacuum breaker. Feeding device is made in the form of accumulating and feeding drums which are equipped with suction windows. Drums are connected to vacuum source through air ducts and are arranged in spaced relation with respect to one another, with space being adjustable in radial direction. Accumulating drum has smaller pitch of suction windows, lower vacuum extent and lower rotational velocity as compared to feeding drum. Feeding drum has immovable gate-vacuum breaker. Tilt board is provided between feeding drum and planting unit. Seedling hopper is made in the form of parallelepiped with curved recess in its lower part. Radius of recess corresponds to radius of accumulating drum. Automatic machine allows labor intensity to be reduced by 4-5 times and yearly economic efficiency per one hectare to be increased.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reduced labor intensity.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to planting machines.

A device for feeding seedlings to a forest planting machine (USSR AS No. 426166, application form 02.10.72, publ. 05.05.74, Bull No. 17), comprising a hopper for seedlings, a flexible tape, the ends of which are fixed to spring drums, separator, accumulator, pusher and feed mechanism. However, this device cannot be used to supply seedlings to the planting apparatus.

It is also known adaptation to planting machines for supplying seedlings (AS USSR No. 27516, announced on 10/28/1931, published on 08/31/1932), including a horizontal, periodically rotating disk and equipped with seedling chambers, a cylinder connected with a fan and equipped with a system of radially arranged tubes pivotally attached to the cylinder, a curved track for rollers, a vacuum shut-off damper in the tubes. However, such a device uses a complex pneumatic system that does not provide a high rhythm of planting operations. In addition, this device has a complex hopper in the form of a disk.

The following tasks are being solved: improving the quality of planting due to the single allocation of seedlings, orienting seedlings in space when it is planted in the field, eliminating mechanical damage to seedlings - increasing survival and productivity.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process of planting seedlings and reduce labor costs by automating the process.

This goal is achieved in that the machine for feeding seedlings to the planting apparatus consists of a hopper for seedlings, a feeding device, air ducts, a vacuum source and a damper — a vacuum cutter, while the feeding device is made in the form of storage and supply drums and has suction windows connected to a vacuum source with air ducts and installed relative to each other with a radially adjustable gap, and the storage drum has a smaller step of the suction windows, a reduced vacuum level and a lower speed l rotation in comparison with the feed drum with a stationary shutter-vacuum cutter, and between the feed drum and the landing apparatus a sloping board is installed, while the hopper for seedlings is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a curved cut in its lower part, the radius of which corresponds to the radius of the storage drum .

In the diagrams 1, 2, the kinematic diagram of an automatic machine for feeding seedlings to the lander 1 is shown.

The machine consists of a hopper 2 for seedlings, equipped with a flexible tape 3, the ends of which are fixed on the spring drums 4. The feeding device is made in the form of two pneumatic drums, accumulating 5 and feeding 6, with suction windows 7, the feeding drum 6 is equipped with a stationary shutter-vacuum cutter 8. To direct the seedlings to the grips of the landing apparatus there is a pitched board 9. When connecting pneumatic drums to a vacuum source, air ducts 10 are used.

The machine works as follows.

Flexible tape 3 presses the seedlings 11 located in the hopper 2. Moreover, the line of action of the force exerted by the tape 3 on the seedlings coincides with the position line of its center of mass. The accumulating pneumatic drum 5 by the windows of the suction cup 7 sucks the seedlings 11 and rotates around its longitudinal axis, the seedlings are separated from the group of plants. The accumulating pneumatic drum 5 has a larger number of suction windows and rotates at a lower speed, has a lower vacuum level than the supply pneumatic drum 6, therefore, having a structurally diameter corresponding to the contour of the seedling bundle, it sucks the seedlings to each suction window. When the accumulating pneumatic drum 5 is rotated, seedlings passing into the radially adjustable gap between the pneumatic drums 5 and 6 fall into the increased vacuum zone created by the pneumatic feeding drum 6 and are attached to its suction windows. When the feed pneumatic drum 6 is rotated around its longitudinal axis, the seedlings 11 are transferred to the vacuum cut-off zone created by the stationary damper-shutter of the vacuum 8. Under the influence of gravity, the seedlings 11 break away from the plane of the feed pneumatic drum 6 and fall onto the ramp board 9, and from it into seedling holder transplanter apparatus 1. The drive mechanism of the machine is synchronized with the planting apparatus transplanter machine.

The proposed design of the machine for feeding seedlings to the planting apparatus allows for piece-wise sampling of seedlings from the hopper, which is ensured by the shape of the hopper, the presence of a pressing flexible tape and the diameter of the accumulating pneumatic drum equipped with suction windows.

The cutout of the hopper, which has a curved shape and whose radius corresponds to the radius of the accumulating pneumatic drum, allows you to increase the length of the coverage sector by the seedling group of the surface of the accumulating pneumatic drum, which provides the best conditions for its suction.

In the process of sampling seedlings from the hopper and when feeding it to the planting apparatus, its spatial orientation is preserved, seedlings do not receive mechanical damage, this is achieved by using two pneumatic drums, accumulating and feeding, installed with a radially adjustable gap corresponding to the average diameter of the crown of the seedlings of the planted crop equipped with perforated suction cup windows. The windows of the suction cup are located on the surface of both pneumatic drums, and the accumulating pneumatic drum has a smaller pitch of the windows of the suction cup, and as a result, a larger number of suction windows with equal air flow causes a decrease in the vacuum level. The accumulating pneumatic drum also has a lower rotational speed due to a reduction in the gear ratio of the drive with respect to the pneumatic feed drum. The difference in vacuum depth, the presence of a radially adjustable gap between the pneumatic drums and their rotation speed provide an oriented transition of seedlings from the accumulating drum to the feed drum without mechanical damage. The applied parameters of the pneumatic system make it possible to achieve the goals without violating the agrotechnical requirements for the process of planting seedlings in the field.

The presence of a stationary damper-cutoff vacuum and pitched boards allows you to synchronize the process.

The use of this machine will increase the productivity of the process of planting seedlings in the field and significantly reduce labor costs.

The use by tobacco farms of a machine for planting seedlings of tobacco with an automatic machine for feeding seedlings to the planting apparatus will reduce the cost of manual labor by 4-5 times and obtain an annual economic effect of 2.3-2.6 thousand rubles / ha.

A laboratory sample was made and research was conducted on a laboratory sample of a machine for feeding seedlings to a planting apparatus of a transplanter in 2003. The developed technological scheme for the automatic supply of seedlings to the planting apparatus of the transplanting machine satisfactorily provides automation of the technological process of supplying seedlings to the planting apparatus.

Claims (1)

An automatic machine for supplying seedlings to the planting apparatus, comprising a seedling hopper, a feeding device, air ducts, a vacuum source and a vacuum shutter-shutter, characterized in that the feeding device is made in the form of storage and feeding drums having suction windows connected to a vacuum source by air ducts and mounted relative to each other with a radially adjustable gap, and the storage drum has a smaller pitch windows suction, lower vacuum level and lower rotation speed compared to under yuschim drum having a fixed valve-vacuum cutter, between which and a mounting unit mounted pitched board, wherein the hopper is formed as a seedling parallelepiped formed in its lower portion curved cutout whose radius corresponds to the radius of the storage drum.

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