RU210324U1 - Seeding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machines, namely to sowing machines for seeds of small-seed vegetable crops. The essence of the design of the proposed sowing machine for seeds of small-seed vegetable crops is that blades are installed to the axis located inside the cylindrical seed hopper, at the end of each of which a seed pusher made of elastic material is fixed. In the lower part of the seed hopper for seeds, plates are installed that serve to transfer the seeds. These plates have holes for the exit of seeds. The proposed sowing machine for seeds of small-seeded vegetable crops allows you to increase productivity and ensures uniform sowing.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machines, namely to sowing machines for seeds of small-seed vegetable crops.

Known sowing apparatus [1], containing a hopper with placed in it a transport element mounted for rotation and having a seeding limiter. At the same time, the working body of the transporting element is made in the form of a vertically mounted cylindrical spring, inside which there is a seeding limiter, which is a sleeve with an upper conical part, having radial holes in the lower part for adjusting the contact area of the limiter with the spring.

The disadvantages of the device [1] are the braking of the working body during rotation, the pinching of seeds between the inner surface of the housing, the working body and the inner tube, as well as the imperfection of the design of the device for precise sowing seeds with a given step and delivering them to the soil.

Known seeding machine [2] for precision seeding, including a housing made of circular cross-section of metal or hard plastic. A loading hopper with a lid and a seed dispenser in its lower part is installed on top of the body. Inside the housing, a working body is installed, made in the form of a spiral screw with the possibility of rotation around its axis, which distributes the seed material into a single layer, fixed on one side to the drive round disk, by means of a bolted connection, pressing one turn of the spiral screw. Inside the working body, a round tube made of metal or hard plastic is fixedly installed. The working body is installed with a step suitable for the size of the seeds, and with a gap between the inner surface of the housing, the spiral turns and the inner tube, not exceeding the minimum dimensions of the seeds. An outlet is made on the lower side of the housing, to which a flexible tube is attached for direct delivery of seeds to the soil.

The main disadvantages [2] include the following: the complexity of the design of the sowing machine, the impossibility of simultaneously two or more row sowing of seeds, many gaps that require adjustment depending on the size of the seeds, which leads to a decrease in productivity and an increase in labor intensity.

The closest (prototype) to the utility model is the sowing machine [3], which contains a hopper mounted under the seed hopper housing of the sowing machine with inlets for collecting seeds and outlets that act as seeding cells. In order to increase the portion accuracy of seed dosing and simplify the design, the impeller blades are made in the form of radial plates with elastic pads fixed on their consoles, and under the seed outlet, a spring-loaded valve in the form of a plate is mounted hinged on the sowing machine housing, and the sowing machine housing is in the blades rotation zone is provided with a radial hole with a rod installed in it, the upper part of which is placed in the cavity of the sowing machine body, and the lower part is pivotally connected to the valve plate.

The main disadvantages of the prototype [3] include the following: the impossibility of simultaneously two or more row sowing of seeds, as well as the impossibility of individually dosing the seeds, which leads to an increase in the sowing rate.

The essence of the design of the proposed sowing apparatus for seeds of small-seed vegetable crops is that blades are installed to the axis located inside the cylindrical seed hopper, at the end of each of which a seed pusher made of elastic material is fixed. Plates are installed at the bottom of the seed hopper, which serve to transfer the seeds. These plates have holes for the exit of seeds. The proposed sowing machine for seeds of small-seeded vegetable crops allows you to increase productivity and ensures uniform sowing.

A general view of the design of the utility model is shown in Fig. 1, and in Fig. 2 and 3 show the types of plates for seed transition.

The sowing machine for seeds of small-seed vegetable crops consists of: a loading hopper, distributing and pushing blades 2 installed in the axis 6 (Fig. 1). At the same time, a seed pusher 3 is fixed at the ends of each blade. Fixed 4 and movable plates 5 are installed in the lower part of the hopper (Fig. 2).

In this case, in the fixed plate 4 there are grooves 7, which provide the necessary movement of the plate. In the movable plate 5, bulges 10 are made, the profile of which coincides with the profile of the groove 7. In each plate 4 and 5 there are holes 8 and 11 for the transfer of seeds. To ensure the movement of the plates 5, springs 9 are fixed in them (Fig. 3).

The sowing machine works as follows: in the process of sowing, the axis 6 and the blades 2 mounted on it, making rotational movements, force the seeds to move. The loading hopper 1 is divided into four parts, two B and two C according to the arrangement of the blades. In this case, parts B of the hopper are free from seeds, and parts C are filled with seeds. When the seeds move and when part C coincides with the plates 4, the seeds exit through the holes 8. In this case, the excess seeds are transferred to the next part of the hopper by the pushers 3 fixed on the blades 2. So that the seeds do not come out through the holes 8, i.e., so that the holes 8 do not coincide with the holes 11, the plates 5 are forced to be compressed by means of the spring 9 (Fig. 3). In further movement, i.e., when the blades pass into part B, the plate 5 is set in motion, and the hole 11 coincides with the hole 8 of the plate 4 (Fig. 3). When hole 8 coincides, the seeds pass through hole 11 to the sowing zone. In this case, the full compatibility of the holes 8 and 11 in the plates 4 and 5 is ensured by means of grooves 7 and bulges 10 (Fig. 3).

The proposed sowing device provides a reduction in seed consumption, as well as even sowing.

Used sources

1. Seeding device. Copyright certificate No. 852217. Published 08/07/1981, Bull. No. 29.

2. Seeding device. Patent Russian Federation RU No. 2502252 С1. Published December 27, 2013, Bull. No. 3.

3. Seeding device. Copyright certificate SU 1242018A1. Published 07/07/1986, Bull. No. 25.

Claims (1)

Seeding apparatus for sowing small seeds of vegetable crops, containing a loading cylindrical hopper-case for seeds, in which blades are fixed on the axis of rotation for moving seeds to the lower part of the hopper, to the seed sowing zone, in which a movable plate is placed for periodically opening and closing dosing holes , moreover, elastic pushers are fixed at the ends of the blades to remove excess seeds from the dosing holes, characterized in that in the lower part of the hopper, in the seed sowing zone, a fixed plate is installed above the movable plate, in which dosing holes are made, and outlet holes are made in the movable plate for seeds, while the plates are located relative to each other with the possibility of complete alignment of their holes.

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