RU2436275C1 - Pneumatic feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic feed includes a housing with a seed chamber where a seed drum with radial holes is placed on a horizontal shaft. On the outside generant of the drum a removable ring with calibrated holes is fixed which are located over the radial holes. Inside the drum at the area of contact of the seed chamber and the neck a cutoff of vacuum is mounted. Also, the device has a blowing nozzle, the receiver of seeds, seed-throw device, air ducts for supply of compressed air and for supply of vacuum, and a loading fitting. Behind the cutoff of vacuum on the inside part of the seeding drum an additional air duct for supplying compressed air with a purge nozzle is mounted. At that the receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical generant with a neck installed tangentially and downward. Loading fitting is connected to the receiver of seeds below the line of contact of cavities of seed chamber and the neck.

EFFECT: invention enables to provide improved accuracy of sowing small-seeded grain.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus comprising a housing with a seed chamber, in which on the horizontal shaft there is a sowing drum with radial holes, a replaceable ring mounted on the outer generatrix of the drum with calibrated holes located above the radial holes of the drum, a blowing nozzle, a seed receiver, a loading nozzle, a device for the discharge of seeds, an air duct for supplying compressed air (SU No. 818524, class A01C 7/04). However, this sowing apparatus does not provide the optimal sowing rate of small seed crops.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus, comprising a housing with a seed chamber, in which on the horizontal shaft there is a sowing drum with radial holes, an interchangeable ring mounted on the outer generatrix of the drum with calibrated holes located above the radial holes of the drum, a vacuum cutter installed inside the drum, a blowing nozzle, seed receiver, loading nozzle, device for discharging seeds, air ducts for supplying compressed air and for supplying vacuum (AS USSR, class A01C 7/04, No. 1619 83, 1964).

It is the closest in technical essence to the proposed invention, but has a number of disadvantages when sowing small seeds:

- it is impossible to maintain a constant level of seeds in the seed chamber with the help of a curved damper, which negatively affects the quality of sowing small seeds with high flowability.

- the presence of a seal between the seed hopper and the sowing drum leads to unauthorized and inevitable spilling of small seeds, bypassing the dosing process.

- the use of nipples is unacceptable when sowing small-seeded crops, as due to the small size of the hole, clogging occurs along the entire length of the hole.

The technical essence of the present invention is to increase the accuracy of sowing of fine seed seeds.

The indicated technical essence is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic sowing device comprising a housing with a seed chamber in which a sowing drum with radial holes is placed on a horizontal shaft, an interchangeable ring mounted on the outer generatrix of the drum with calibrated holes located above the radial holes of the drum mounted inside the drum vacuum cutoff, blowing nozzle, seed receiver, loading nozzle, device for dumping seeds, air ducts for supplying compressed air and To supply a vacuum, it additionally contains an air duct for supplying compressed air with a purge nozzle mounted on the inside of the sowing drum behind the vacuum cutter, and the seed receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical generatrix with a neck installed tangentially and directed downward, while the loading nozzle is connected to the seed receiver below the line of contact of the cavities of the seed chamber and the neck, and the vacuum cutoff is installed in the contact zone of the seed chamber and the neck.

Figure 1 - diagram of a pneumatic metering device, front view

Figure 2 is a diagram of a pneumatic metering device, side view.

Figure 3 shows the shape of the suction port.

The pneumatic sowing device consists of a housing 1, with a seed receiver 2, made in the form of a cylindrical generatrix with a neck tangentially mounted to it and directed downward 3. In the seed receiver 2, a seed drum 5 is placed on a horizontal shaft 4, with radial holes 6, and mounted on its outer generatrix with a replaceable ring 7 with calibrated holes 8 located above the radial holes 6 of the drum 5. Between the drum 5 and the seed receiver 2 is located the seed chamber 9. In the seed chamber 9 is located about a blowing nozzle 10, and inside the drum 5, air ducts for supplying compressed air: the main 11, additional 12 and duct for supplying a vacuum 13, a vacuum shutoff 14 and a blowing nozzle 15 of the additional duct 12. To the seed receiver 2 below the contact line of the cavities of the seed chamber 9 and tangentially the throat 3 mounted to it is connected to the loading nozzle 16. The vacuum cut-off 14 is installed in the zone of contact of the throat with the seed chamber. At the bottom of the seed chamber, a device 17 is installed to discharge the seeds remaining after sowing.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the quality of dosing of small seeds by cleaning holes from seedless small inclusions (dust, husks, crushed seeds, pieces of plants, etc.) and ensuring a constant level of seeds in the seed chamber using a loading device using the angle of repose seed.

To solve these problems in a pneumatic sowing apparatus, the vacuum cut-off zone was moved from the lower vertical position to the area of contact of the neck to the seed chamber. This solution eliminates the compaction between the seed hopper and the metering drum and improves the quality of the seed. To clean the holes from inclusions, an additional channel has been created for supplying high pressure compressed air. The loading of seeds and maintaining a constant level of seeds in the seed chamber is carried out thanks to the loading nozzle installed in the rear wall of the apparatus below the line of contact of the cavities of the seed chamber 9 and the neck 3 tangentially mounted to it.

The metering device operates as follows. Seeds are fed through the loading pipe 16 into the seed chamber and fill it. When the drum rotates, the seeds in the seed chamber 9 are sucked under the action of vacuum to the holes 8 and transferred by the drum 5 to the place of discharge of seeds. Seeds are discharged into the receiving pipe 9 forcibly with the help of a compressed air stream from the inner cavity of the drum. Once in the receiving pipe 2, the seeds wake up under the action of gravity through the vas deferens into the coulter. Excess seeds located around the suction hole and held weaker than that which is located at its center, are discharged by the air stream leaving the blowing nozzle 10, after which one seed remains in the hole. The blow nozzle is a rectangular nozzle that directs the air stream over the entire width of the drum.

The proposed pneumatic metering device is illustrated by the drawings shown in drawings 1 and 2.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing apparatus, comprising a housing with a seed chamber, in which a sowing drum with radial holes is placed on a horizontal shaft, an interchangeable ring mounted on the outer generatrix of the drum with calibrated holes located above the radial holes of the drum, a vacuum cutter installed inside the drum, a blowing nozzle, a receiver seed loading port, a device for the discharge of seeds, air ducts for supplying compressed air and for supplying a vacuum, characterized in that it contains an additional air duct for supplying compressed air with a purge nozzle installed on the inside of the seed drum behind the vacuum cutter, and the seed receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical generatrix with a tangentially installed and downward mouth, while the loading nozzle is connected to the seed receiver below the line of contact of the cavities of the seed chamber and necks, and the vacuum cut-off is installed in the zone of contact of the seed chamber and the neck.

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