RU194398U1 - PNEUMATIC SOWING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to forestry and agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders. The pneumatic sowing device includes a housing, a seed hopper, a vertically located sowing drum with through cells arranged with uniform pitch, an engine, a sector distributor with a compressed air supply nozzle with an internal channel, a vacuum supply channel, a vacuum shut-off, a bearing seat and bolt holes. A sector distributor with a compressed air supply nozzle with an internal channel, a vacuum supply channel, a vacuum cut-off, is located inside the seed drum and is made in one piece with internal channels, a bearing seat and bolt holes for ensuring the tightness of the seed drum. In addition, the apparatus also contains a seed drum position sensor and relief marks on the surface of the drive cover, which allow the engine to accurately position the lower through cell of the seed drum coaxially with the internal channel of the compressed air supply nozzle and the guide channel. Using the utility model will allow for improving the quality and accuracy of seeding. 5 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to forestry and agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders.

State of the art

A pneumatic sowing device is known (RF patent No. 2384992), including a seed hopper, a vertically located sowing disk with through conical cells arranged with uniform pitch, an air nozzle divided into two nozzles with identical sections, one nozzle for pressing one seed to the bottom of the through conical cell, and the second for pushing stuck seeds out of the cells, while the second nozzle is made in the form of a sleeve enveloping the upper part of the sowing disk and supplying air flow to the conical cell yke from the inside.

This design has a significant drawback when sowing drazhirovannyh seeds. The air flow to remove excess seeds from the through conical cell in the absence of discharge required to hold the seed at the bottom of the through conical cell does not provide stable accuracy. Also, the nozzle for pushing from the seed cells is intended solely for their extraction, and not giving them additional acceleration.

The closest in technical essence is a pneumatic metering device (RF patent No. 2436275), comprising a housing with a seed chamber, in which a metering drum with radial holes is placed on a horizontal shaft, an interchangeable ring mounted on the outer generatrix of the drum with calibrated holes located above the radial holes drum, vacuum cut-off installed inside the drum, blower nozzle, seed receiver, loading nozzle, seed discharge device, air ducts for supplying soot addition of air and for supplying a vacuum, further comprises an air pipe for supplying compressed air with a purge nozzle mounted on the inside of the seed drum, behind the vacuum shutoff.

It is the closest in technical essence to the proposed invention, but has a number of disadvantages when used for sowing coated seeds:

- the sowing drum interacts not only with a cylindrical, but also with a lateral surface with an array of seeds provoking their damage;

- not worked out the drive circuit of the sowing drum, ensuring the immobility of the vacuum cutoffs;

- the need, in addition to supplying a vacuum, to supply pressure in two places, which is difficult to implement for mobile devices with strictly limited mass characteristics;

- with a continuous supply of pressure, a leak of compressed air into the vacuum zone will be provoked at the moment of mismatch of the openings of the sowing drum with the discharge pipe;

- the fall of the seed occurs solely under the influence of gravitational forces without additional acceleration, which is acceptable for land seeders and unacceptable when sowing with UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), sowing from considerable heights.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical task of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the design, reduce mass characteristics, improve the quality and accuracy of sowing the pneumatic sowing device when working with UAVs, since the claimed utility model is designed for sowing drazhennyh seeds from UAVs in inaccessible places where it is difficult to use other sowing equipment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic sowing device, comprising a housing, a seed hopper, a vertically located sowing drum with through cells arranged with uniform pitch, an engine, a sector distributor with a nozzle for supplying compressed air with an internal channel, a channel for supplying vacuum, compressed air, a cut-off vacuum, bearing seat and bolt holes, which differs in that the sector distributor with a nozzle for supplying compressed air with an internal channel scrap, a vacuum supply channel, a vacuum cut-off, is located inside the seed drum and is made in the form of a single part with internal channels, a bearing seat and bolt holes, which ensures the tightness of the seed drum, and also contains a seed drum position sensor and relief marks on the surface a drive cover that allows the engine to accurately position the lower through cell of the seed drum coaxially with the internal channel of the compressed air nozzle and a guide channel.

Brief Description of the Drawings:

In FIG. 1 is an isometric illustration of a pneumatic precision metering apparatus with spaced elements.

In FIG. 2 shows a sector distributor in three sections for demonstrating internal channels.

In FIG. 3 presents the shooting of pelleted seeds in three stages: a - capture of pelleted seeds; b - self-distribution of pelleted seeds; c - shooting of pelleted seeds.

The sowing apparatus consists of a guide channel 1, a seeder body 2, a cover 3 of a seeder body 2, a stepper motor 4, a lock assembly 5, a seed hopper 6, a shutter 7 of a seed hopper 6, a seed drum 8, a cover 9 of a sector distributor 11, a drive cover 10, seed channels 12 of the sowing drum 8, the sensor 13 of the position of the sowing drum 8, the bearing 14.

The sector distributor 11, in turn, includes a nozzle 15 for supplying compressed air with an internal channel 16, a channel 17 for supplying a vacuum, a cut-off 18 of the vacuum, a seat 19 of the bearing 14 and holes 20 of the bolt fastening of the sector distributor 11.

Utility Model Implementation

The sowing apparatus works as follows: the casing of the sowing drum 8, driven by a stepper motor 4, rotates, grabs the pelleted seed from the seed hopper 6 and holds it with the recess of the seed channel 12 of variable cross section due to the discharge created inside the casing of the sowing drum 8. During further rotation, when when the dragged seed is in the lower position, the discharge is cut off from the corresponding seed channel 12 due to the overlapping of its through hole in the end surface thw nozzles 15 for supplying compressed air. Then, when the seed channel 12 of the sowing drum 8 coincides with the internal channel 16 of the nozzle 15 for supplying compressed air and the guide channel 1, a discrete supply of compressed air occurs, which carries out the extraction and the necessary dispersal of the seed. Moreover, at the moment of coincidence, the micro-stop of rotation of the sowing drum 8 is carried out by a stepper motor 4. After the drained seed is ejected, the seed channel 12 of the sowing drum 8 leaves the overlapping zone with the end surface of the compressed air nozzle 15 and enters a sector with atmospheric pressure, which is limited by cutter 18 vacuum. After crossing the cutter 18 of the vacuum, the seed channel 12 returns to the capture area of the pelleted seed from the seed hopper 6, starting a new working cycle.

Due to the design of the sector distributor, the compactness and tightness of the seed drum, together with the position sensor of the seed drum and embossed marks on the surface of the drive cover, which accurately position the lower through cell of the seed drum coaxially with the internal channel of the compressed air supply nozzle and the guide channel, the mass characteristics, improving the quality and accuracy of seeding of the pneumatic sowing device when working with UAVs.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing device, comprising a housing, a seed hopper, a vertically located sowing drum with through cells arranged at regular intervals, an engine, a sector distributor with a compressed air supply nozzle with an internal channel, a vacuum supply channel, a vacuum shut-off, a bearing seat and bolt holes characterized in that the sector distributor with a nozzle for supplying compressed air with an internal channel, a channel for supplying a vacuum, a vacuum shutoff is located inside and sowing drum and is made in the form of a single part with internal channels, a bearing seat and bolt holes for tightness of the sowing drum, and the apparatus contains a position sensor of the sowing drum and embossed marks on the surface of the drive cover for the engine to accurately position the lower through cell sowing drum coaxially with the internal channel of the nozzle for supplying compressed air and a guide channel.

Images