RU2557218C1 - Planting machine and method of planting bulb onion mother plantations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of planting bulb onion mother plantations comprises forming holes, planting bulb onion mother plantations to the holes with the collum downwards and long-term preservation them of the indicated position. To form compacted walls and bottom of the holes each basin harrow is quickly impressed in the soil and instantly removed from the soil by the drive mechanism of the machine for planting bulb onion mother plantations. The machine comprises a beam bearing a gear, a bracket with leads, a hopper for planting material, covering units, supporting-sealing wheels, a seat for the planter, basin harrows, drive mechanisms of basin harrows. The drive mechanism of each basin harrow is made in the form of the two-arm lever mounted on the inner surface of the rim of the support-drive wheel and oscillating in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support-drive wheel, the stationary bracket for basin harrow impressing into the soil, and the compressed spring which rests on one arm of the two-arm lever, on the other arm of which the basin harrow is secured. Fast impressing of the basin harrow in the soil and instant removing it from the soil not only retains the desired shape of the hole, but compacts the side walls and the bottom of the hole, which keeps the position of the planted bulb onion mother plantation with the collum downwards from the moment of planting and for the entire growing season.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve germination of onion mother plantations.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, in particular to the development of a machine for planting queen onion mother liquors and to a method for planting queen onion mother liquors, of a predetermined shape and depth with sealed vertical side walls and bottom.

Planted queen cells should rest with the bottom (the place of root growth) on the bottom of the hole and be held by the walls of the holes in this position throughout the growing season.

Known tool for the manufacture of landing pits [1] (A.S. 307757, MKI A01C 5/04, 04/29/70,), including the impeller with radially mounted on its periphery dimples on the shafts driven into rotation through the gearbox.

A well-known tool forms holes with loose walls and a bottom, which causes wall shedding, as a result of planting, the onions of the turnip onion turn out to be not only at different depths from the day surface of the soil, but also in the lateral position when the mother liquor does not rest on the bottom, which leads to uneven sprouts and to different periods of maturation of inflorescences and, as a result, to seed losses due to shedding by the time of mass harvesting of inflorescences.

A known method of preparing planting pits and a working body for its implementation (A.S. 1344267, A01C 5/04, 10.15.87) [2], which consists in mixing fertilizers with the soil of the formed pit, during rotation of the working body, the process of forming pits is long -for repetitions of rotation of the working body.

The known method of forming pits does not provide a stable depth of planting of queen cells and does not exclude the presence of queen cells in the side position due to the looseness of the walls, in the aggregate, these disadvantages reduce the friendliness of seedlings, exclude the simultaneous maturation of inflorescences, which leads to seed loss due to shedding of them at the time mass harvesting inflorescences.

As a prototype - a device for implementing the method, we took the closest technical solution disclosed in the description to A.S. 1061722, A01C 5/04, 12/23/83 [3], which includes a cam in the form of a disk with cuts around its circumference and a hole forger in the form of a two-shouldered lever, on one shoulder of which a cop is fixed, and on the other a roller interacting with the cuts of the disk .

In the known device, the process of formation of the hole is carried out by the entry of the digger into the soil under the action of the potential energy accumulated when lifting the digger to a height - h in accordance with the potential energy formula

E _n = mgh

where: m is the mass of kopach;

g - acceleration, 9.81 m / s ² ;

h is the lifting height of the digger.

It can be seen from the above formula that the lower the lifting height of the kopach and the harder the soil, the smaller the depth of entry of the kopach into the soil.

The uneven depth of the obtained holes is a significant drawback of the known device; besides, the known device, when removing the kopach from the soil, makes the hole elongated in length, thereby violating the shape of the hole, as a result, the planted bulbs appear to lie on their sides, and should be facing down.

These shortcomings lead to non-simultaneous ripening of inflorescences, to shedding seeds, to the moment of mass harvesting of inflorescences.

The known device for the formation of holes as a way to ensure the formation of holes of a given shape, depth and pitch is unsuitable due to the above drawbacks, especially on stony and loose soils.

The technical task of the patented invention was the creation of a drive mechanism for each hole-forming device made in the form of a two-arm lever mounted on the inner surface of the rim of the support-drive wheel and oscillating in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support-drive wheel, a fixed bracket for pressing the hole-forming machine into the soil and a compressed spring on one shoulder of a two-arm lever, on the other shoulder of which a hole former is fixed.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention of the machine for planting queen onion queen cells was the formation of compacted walls and bottom of the holes due to the rapid pressing of each hole former into the soil and its instant removal from the soil through the mechanism of the drive described above.

In a machine for planting queen mother liquors, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, it is equipped with hole formers located parallel to the plane of the support-drive wheels with a given step and pressed into the soil at a given depth under the influence of the total weight of the planting section, hopper with planting material and the working planter . The step is set by the number of hole formers.

The hole builder is removed from the soil by the action of a coil spring installed with preliminary tension during assembly of the landing machine, the spring stiffness increases as the hole builder is pressed into the soil. When stopping the pressing of the beam former into the soil, the spring straightening instantly pulls the hole former out of the soil, overcoming the frictional force between the hole forming agent and the soil, without destroying the well-shaped hole.

A deep hole with dense side walls eliminates any obstruction of the turnip mother liquors on their sides, both during subsequent soil sprinkling and subsequent compression of the soil with the support wheels of the landing section.

The patented invention meets the requirement of unity since the planting machine and method are aimed at solving the same problem of forming holes of the same shape, of the same depth with a constant distance between them, which leads to amicable shoots, the simultaneous maturation of inflorescences and transient mechanized harvesting eliminating the loss of seeds from for their shedding.

An analysis of the state of the art by the applicant, including a search by patents and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed planting machine and method of planting queen bee onions, allowed the applicant to find no analogues for both the machine and the method characterized by signs, all the essential features of the claimed planting machine for forming holes and a method of sealing bearing walls and the bottom of the formed holes.

Thus, the patented invention meets the criterion of "novelty." To verify the compliance of each object of the patented invention with the criterion of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions to patent and scientific and technical sources of information. The search results showed that the planting machine and the method of planting queen onion mother liquors by the combination of distinctive features do not fall under the known technical solutions and do not follow explicitly from the prior art.

In FIG. 1 shows a machine, side view;

FIG. 2 - the same car, a top view;

FIG. 3 - section of the support wheel.

The landing machine contains a supporting beam 1 on which a gearbox 2 is mounted with drive shafts of the support-copy wheels 3. The drive of the support-copy wheels eliminates wheel slippage, this ensures a stable distance between the holes.

The drive from the tractor’s power take-off shaft (PTO) to the gearbox 2 is carried out by means of the driveshaft 4. A support bracket 5 is attached to the beam 1 with leashes on which the hopper 6 for planting material rests, seat 9 for the working planter. Zagotachki 7 are mounted on the leashes. Supporting-sealing wheels 8 are installed at the ends of the leashes. The two shoulders lever oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support wire wheel. A hole former 12 is mounted on one shoulder of the lever 16, and a spring 13 rests on the other shoulder. A fixed pressing bracket 14 is mounted on the leash. The hole formers are interchangeable, differing in diameter, and the position of the bracket sets the depth of the formed hole 10.

Machine for planting queen cells of turnip onions works as follows.

When the machine moves, there is a synchronous drive to the supporting-drive wheel, which rolls into place and presses the hole builder into the soil while moving its butt on the surface of the motionlessly pressing bracket. At the exit of the butt from the fixed bracket, the hole builder is instantly pulled out of the formed hole due to the energy of the twisted spring resting on the other arm of the lever. In this case, the formed hole is kept intact.

The diameter of the hole-forming agent and the degree of its deepening is determined by the size of the planted queen cells of turnip onions.

This arrangement of the mechanism of formation of holes allows us to provide a stable depth of immersion of queen onion mother liquors in the soil, to keep their orientation bottom-to-bottom, both when working with zagortachki that fill the soil, and during subsequent soil compaction with support wheels.

The developed principle of planting queen onion queen plants increases the friendliness of seedlings, and later on, the simultaneous maturation of inflorescences by the time of mass harvesting of inflorescences.

Claims (2)

1. A machine for planting queen mother onions, including a beam on which a gearbox, an arm with leashes, a hopper for planting material, zagortachki, support-sealing wheels, a seat for the planter, hole holders, drive mechanisms of hole holders are installed, characterized in that the drive mechanism of each the hole builder is made in the form of a two-arm lever mounted on the inner surface of the rim of the supporting-drive wheel and oscillating in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the supporting-driving wheel, a fixed bracket for pushing the hole builder into the soil and a compressed spring resting on one shoulder of the two-arm lever, on the other shoulder of which the hole builder is fixed. 2. A method of planting queen onion mother liquors, including forming holes, putting down turnip mother liquors down into the wells and storing them in a specified position for a long time, characterized in that for the formation of compacted walls and the bottom of the holes, each hole former is rapidly pressed into the soil and its instant extraction from the soil through the drive mechanism according to claim 1.

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