RU2554149C2 - Device for formulation of optimisation of economically best fodder ration using various criteria and preparation of economically best fodder mix at programmable growth of animals and birds and at availability of information on fodder consumption and live weight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, to technologies of formulation of fodder rations and feedings of farm animals and birds and can be used in animal industry and poultry farming branches. The device contains the livestock real age signal set unit 1, the set unit of intermediate control signals 2, the set unit of signals of economically optimum forage doses 3. The outputs of the unit 3 are connected to the first non-inverting inputs of the comparator of signals of forage doses 4. The outputs of the set unit of signals of real forage doses 5 are connected to the second inverting inputs of the unit 4. The outputs of the unit 4 are connected to inputs of the unit of forage batchers 6. The outputs of the unit 6 are connected to the mixer 7 inputs at the output of which the economically optimum forage mix 8 is formed. The set unit of the simulated signal of livestock age 9, the set unit of the simulated signal of the forage mix dose at the maximum gain of livestock live weight 10, the set unit of the simulated signal of forage mix dose at the minimum gain of livestock live weight 11, the calculator of signal of livestock live weight at the initial stage of cultivation 12, the calculator of signals of economically optimum ration at the initial stage of cultivation 13, the calculator of signal of livestock live weight at the final stage of cultivation 14, the calculator of signals of economically optimum ration at the final stage of cultivation 15, the comparator of signals of livestock live weight at the initial and at the final stage of cultivation 16, the shaper of signal of disabling of the mode of calculation of the maximum gain of live weight and switching to the mode of calculation of the minimum gain of the live weight 17, the unit of the controlled keys 18, the circuit of coincidence of signals 19, the unit of shapers of the controlling signals or the Decision Maker interface 20, the signal set unit of type of criterion of optimisation 21, the signal measuring instrument of fodder mix consumption 22, the signal set unit of the rated forage mix dose 23, the signal measuring instrument of live weight of animal or bird 24, and the set unit of signals of coefficients of functions of losses of rated efficiency of animal or bird 25 are added to the device. The output of the signal set unit 9 is connected to inputs of set unit of signals 10, 11 and to the first input of the circuit 19. The output of the signal set unit 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of signal calculators 12 and 13. The output of the signal set unit 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of signal calculators 14 and 15. The outputs of signal calculators 12 and 14 are connected to the first and second inputs of the circuit 16. The output of the circuit 16 through the signal shaper 17 is connected to the second input of the circuit 19. The output of the signal set unit 1 is connected to the third input of the circuit 19. The output of the circuit 19 is connected to the controlling input of the unit 18. The first and second inputs and the respective outputs of the unit 18 are connected to the output of signal calculator 13, 15 and to inputs of the unit 3. The output of the unit 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of signal calculators 13 and 15. The first output of the unit 20 through the signal set unit 23 is connected to connection of the third inputs of signal calculators 13 and 15. The second output of the unit 20 through the signal set unit 21 is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal calculators 13 and 15. The third output of the unit 20 through the unit 25 is connected to connection of the fifth inputs of signal calculators 13 and 15. The first and the second inputs of the unit 20 are connected to outputs of the signal measuring instrument of forage mix consumption 22 and the signal measuring instrument of live weight of animal or bird 24.

EFFECT: improvement of accuracy of determination of forage doses in fodder mixes, of the forage mix consumption and live weight of animals and birds is provided at formulation of fodder ration and preparation of fodder mix for animals and birds.

5 dwg

Description

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and the preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry in the presence of information about their consumption of feed mixtures and their live weight.

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to the technology of making feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in industries of livestock and poultry.

There is a device for making cost-effective feed ration and cost-effective feeding of animals and poultry, providing the determination of the economically best diet and the best daily dose of the feed mixture (feed mixture) (in this prototype it is indicated “feed”, in the sense of feed mixture), obtaining the highest value adopted for the management of the economic criterion (sign, indicator) of profit growth from technological processes for the preparation of feed mixtures and livestock feeding (RF patent 2462864. Device for compiling economies a lot from the feed ration and economical feeding of animals and poultry / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2012. No. 28).

As a result of the use of this invention (prototype), such quantitative values of the feed components are established (in this prototype it is indicated “feed ingredients”) in the dose of the feed mixture and the dose of feed mixture itself, at which the highest profit growth at the given time from the action of the most expensive technological feed preparation and feeding of animals and birds.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock according to another technical and economic criterion of optimization in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with the number of animals or poultry etc.). Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of economically controlling the technological processes of making an economical feed mixture ration and limited feeding of the livestock at the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight . Also a disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of information on the consumption of animal feed and poultry feed mixtures and the live weight of animals and birds. Therefore, it is quite difficult to control the technological processes of compiling the feed mixture ration and feeding the livestock with high accuracy without taking into account such information about various optimization criteria, the feed mixture consumption, the live weight of the livestock to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the techno-economic formation that is taking shape at an agricultural enterprise situations (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.). A decrease in livestock feed intake should immediately lead to a reduction in the feed mixture dose and to a corresponding recalculation of the economically best diet of the new reduced feed mixture. However, in the absence of information about the consumption of feed mixtures by livestock, the technology of compiling the ration and dosing of feed mixtures remains the same, which leads to a clear cost overrun of expensive feed in the feed mixture. Therefore, a new technical solution should be able to act if there is information about the consumption of feed mixtures by animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. At the same time, a decrease in feed intake by animals and poultry should immediately lead to an increase in the estimated loss of livestock productivity, which is represented by the calculated loss functions and which can be modified using various coefficients of mathematical models of these functions. Thus, the new technical solution should be able to act simultaneously if there is information about the consumption of feed mixture by animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly expand the functionality of the method and device, which requires the use of information on the consumption of feed mixtures in the process of drawing up diets. The decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry should immediately lead to an increase in the estimated loss of livestock productivity, which are represented by the calculated loss functions and which can be modified using various coefficients of mathematical models of these functions. Changing the type of loss functions will automatically affect the result of the corresponding recalculation of the economically best diet of the new feed mixture, which prevents the indicated decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry. However, in the absence of information about the live weight of animals and poultry, the technology for compiling a ration and dosing the feed mixture will remain the same, which will lead to a clear overrun of expensive feed in the feed mixture. Therefore, a new technical solution should be able to act if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Thus, the new technical solution should also have the ability to act simultaneously if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly expand the functionality of the method and device, which requires the use of information on the consumption of feed mixture and on the live weight of animals and birds in the process of drawing up diets.

The objective of the invention is the automated control of technological processes of compiling a feed mixture according to various technical and economic optimization criteria, the automated economical control of technological processes of compiling an economic feed mixture in the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixtures and about and x live weight, increasing the accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed mixture and live weight of animals and poultry in order to correspondingly increase the accuracy of controlling the cooking processes when there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of the feed mixture in the final stage of raising animals and birds. Thus, the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of a similar purpose, namely, to compose a feed ration and prepare a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

As a result of the use of the invention, it is possible to control the technological process of preparing an economical feed ration for achieving the highest technical and economic efficiency of this process according to one or another economic optimization criterion in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation taking shape at an agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.), and provide This also happens in the final stage of animal and bird rearing, when the majority of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation that is developing at the agricultural enterprise, which allows saving costly feeds. The accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed mixture and the live weight of animals and poultry is significantly increased in order to increase the accuracy of the control of the feed preparation processes if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of animal and bird rearing. Thus, the technical result, in turn, lies in the implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, contains a signal generator of the real livestock age, a block of intermediate regulators control signals, a unit of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the feed dose signal signal comparison circuit block, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the feed dose signal generator set outputs are connected, and the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit block outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal, a simulator of a simulated feed dose signal is introduced into the device si with a maximum increase in live weight of a livestock, a simulator of a simulated feed dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of a livestock, a calculator of a signal of live weight of a livestock at the initial stage of growing, a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, a live-weight signal calculator of a livestock at the final stage of growing, a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a circuit for comparing signals of live weight of livestock in the initial and final of the growing stage, a shaper of a signal for switching off the mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to a mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of a Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a signal meter mixture consumption rate, setpoint indicator of the estimated dose of the feed mixture, live or animal weight signal meter, and block of signal setters of the function coefficients losses in the estimated productivity of the animal or bird, while the output of the simulator of the livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, output at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the transmitter of the signal of the livestock mass at the initial stage of cultivation and the economical optimal ration signal calculator at the initial cultivation stage, the output of the simulated feed dose signal generator with a minimum increase in live mass of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live mass signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation and the economical optimal ration signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation, the outputs of the live signal calculator livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and whitefish calculator the live weight of the livestock in the final stage of growing are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stage of growing, the output of which through the shaper of the signal to disable the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, the third input of which is connected to the output of the signal generator of the real age of the livestock, and the output of which is connected n with a control input of a block of controlled keys, the first and second inputs and corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, to the output of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, and to the corresponding inputs of a block of signal setters of an economically optimal doses of feed, while the output of the set of controllers of the intermediate control signals is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the calculator signal of the economically optimal diet at the initial stage of growing and the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the first output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision maker is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial growing stages and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final growing stage, second block output shapers of control signals or the Decision Maker’s interface, through a signal adjuster of the type of optimization criterion, is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and the signal processor of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the third output of the block of shapers of control signals or interface of the Person Decision Maker, through the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the functions of the loss of the estimated productivity of the stomach or bird is connected to the fifth input of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the first and second inputs of the control signal conditioning unit or the Decision Maker’s interface are connected respectively to the outputs of the flow signal meter feed mixtures and signal meter live weight of an animal or bird.

In FIG. 1, ..., FIG. 5 illustrates the principle of operation and construction of the device. In FIG. 1 shows examples of livestock productivity loss functions. In FIG. 2 shows a dialog box for correction of loss functions. In FIG. Figure 3 illustrates the loss of productivity of animals and birds caused by a deviation from the norm of the content of the nutrition component in the diet [see Lukyanov P.B. Decision support system for optimizing the operational management of the economy of livestock production. Abstract. Diss ... Doct. economy sciences. - M.: RGAU-TSHA, 2011. - 46 s]. In FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the control optimization algorithm for feeding animals and birds.

In FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of a device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight: 1 - signal source of the real age of the livestock, 2 - block of intermediate control signals , 3 - a block of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, 4 - a block of signal comparison diagrams for feed doses, 5 - a block of signal setters for real feed doses, 6 - feed dispenser unit, 7 - mixer, 8 - economically optimal feed mixture (storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), 9 - switch of the simulated signal of the livestock age, 10 - switch of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, 11 - switch of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, 12 - calculator of the signal of live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of growing, 13 - calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, 14 - calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, 15 - calculator of the signals of the economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, 16 - circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of cultivation, 17 - shaper of the disconnect signal for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, 18 - block of controlled keys, 19 - signal matching circuit, 20 - block of control signal generators (Person interface, Acceptance solution), 21 - signal generator of the type of optimization criterion, 22 - meter of the feed mixture flow signal, 23 - meter of the calculated feed mixture dose signal, 24 - meter of live or animal weight signal, 25 - block of signal generators of the coefficients of loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird .

For the proper development of young farm animals and / or obtaining high-quality livestock products, it is necessary to observe a certain pattern of growth in the mass of animals. The optimal dynamics of the increase in mass of animals is determined by modeling the physiological processes of growth, or by conducting field experiments [1. Dudin V.I., Cherepanov G.G., Kuznetsov S.G., Manukhina A.I. Experimental testing of a systematic model of pig growth // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 2. Kutsenko A.I. Mathematical modeling and optimization of production parameters in complexes for fattening cattle // The dissertation on competition. student degrees of cand. ek. sciences. - M., 2007. 3. Tyupaev I.M., Cherepanov G.G. The growth dynamics of gobies at different levels of nutrition // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 4. Cherepanov G.G. Systemic morphophysiological theory of animal growth. - Borovsk, 1994. 5. Cherepanov G.G., Agafonov V.I. The rationale for the optimal growth rate and the most appropriate slaughter time for growing and fattening cattle // Zootechny, No. 3, 1994. 6. Shlyakhtunov VI, Plyashchenko AI Improving the quality of beef. - Minsk, 1986.].

The main regulator of growth is the daily diet. In this case, the task of ration optimization is formulated as follows: "To compose a diet that provides a given increase in the mass of animals at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." The economic efficiency of feed use is expressed by profit or profitability provided by the diet. With this statement of the problem, the methodology for ration optimization when programming the increase in the mass of animals can have two options - “one-step” and “multi-step”.

The first option is “one-step”. The ration optimization for obtaining a given increase in the mass of animals according to the first embodiment is oriented toward separate optimization of the diets according to the gain specified for each step of weight gain. In this case, the initial data for the calculation are the characteristics of the animal averaged over the “step” and the specified daily weight gain. In this case, optimization is performed according to the method of planning rations for individual dosed feeding of animals [Lukyanov BV, Lukyanov PB New information technology for optimizing diets for farm animals (Computer programs "CORAL"): Training manual - M .: Publishing house of the Russian State Autonomous Administration-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2009.] using one of the criteria:

- maximum profit for a given productivity;

- maximum profitability for a given productivity;

- the minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity.

The second option is multi-step. In the absence of a requirement to provide a given incremental weight gain as an alternative to the first option, the following statement of the problem can serve: "To compose a series of diets that provide the required increase in animal mass for a given period of time at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." With this formulation, the ration optimization problem falls into the class of optimal control problems and is formulated as follows in the framework of the optimal control theory: “It is required to find such a feeding dynamics (control path) that the mass of the animal grows from the initial value m ₀ corresponding to time t ₀ , "to the required value m ₁ corresponding to a given point in time t ₁ with a minimum cost of feed." Thus, the control object is an animal, the state of which is characterized by two phase variables: “mass” and “daily weight gain”. The control vector is the daily ration. For the quality functional, the cost of feed consumed per animal for the period of fattening is taken. Time changes discretely; the time quantum adopted in animal husbandry and poultry farming is one day. After reducing the problem to the standard form of problems in the theory of optimal control, the conditions of the problem are described as follows. The phase vector of the object is two-dimensional:

where x ¹ is the mass of the animal; x ² - daily weight gain. The control is set by the feed diet vector:

where u ^k (t) is the mass of the k-th feed in the diet of the t-th day of fattening; m is the amount of feed ration.

The quality functional is described by the expression:

where J (u (t), x (t)) is the quality functional; C _race - the cost of the diet on the j-th day of fattening; j∈ [t ₀ , t ₁ ].

The problem is solved in the following sequence.

1. Estimated controllability of the object, ie the ability to perform the required fattening in a given period of time by the available feeds is checked. To assess the controllability of the object, a series of ration calculations is performed according to the criterion of “maximum productivity” for the fattening period with a discreteness of one day. If at the end of the period the required mass of the animal is not achieved, then it is concluded that the object is uncontrollable, and the initial data of the problem should be reviewed. If the required mass of the animal has been reached, it is concluded that the object is controllable. In this case, the control u ⁰ (t) and the trajectory x ⁰ (t) are remembered and the solution of the problem continues.

2. The optimal control path and the corresponding phase path of the object are determined. When growing and fattening animals when moving from t ₀ to t _1, payment for feed is reduced, since the mass of animals is growing and, accordingly, the proportion of the diet that goes to maintain their life increases. Therefore, in order to minimize feed consumption, weight gain at the end of the period should be made minimally acceptable from the point of view of preserving the health of animals and observing the technological conditions for their growth. Therefore, at this step of solving the problem to determine the optimal control path, a "reverse" calculation of the change in the mass of the animal is performed, when moving from t ₁ to t ₀ , according to the criterion of "minimum cost for a given productivity."

In FIG. Figure 4 illustrates the sequence of solving the problem through a change in the mass of the animal over time. Curve x ⁰¹ (t) displays the first step of the solution — the controllability assessment. The curve x ¹ (t) corresponds to optimal control; the arrow indicates the direction of the sequence of calculations in determining the optimal control path. Calculation of rations according to the minimum increase begins at time t ₁ (point C) and continues until it intersects with the curve x ⁰¹ (t) (point B). On the VA plot, rations are calculated according to the maximum increase. The found rations determine the optimal control for fattening an animal with an initial mass x ¹ (t ₀ ) to the required mass x ¹ (t ₁ ) with a minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing rations for programmable animal growth can be carried out, including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding pigs” [, E-mail:].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, contains a live signal generator for livestock 1, a block of intermediate control signal setters 2, a block signal setters for economically optimal feed doses 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the block of the comparison circuits feed dose signal signals 4, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the real feed dose 5 signals are connected, and the outputs of the unit for feed dose signal comparison circuits 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed (the storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated signal are introduced into the device feed mixtures with a maximum increase in live weight of a livestock 10, a simulator of a simulated dose signal of feed mixtures with a minimum increase in live weight of a livestock 11, a calculator of a signal of live weight of a livestock in an initial stage of growing 12, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in an initial stage of growing 13, a calculator of a live weight of a livestock signal in the final stage of cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation 15, a circuit for comparing live weight signals in the initial and final stages of growing 16, the shaper of the signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17, the block of controlled keys 18, the scheme of matching signals 19, the block of shapers of control signals (interface of the Decision Maker) 20, signal generator of the form of optimization criterion 21, meter of the feed mixture signal 22, meter of the calculated dose signal of feed mixture 23, signal meter of live weight of the animal or bird 24, unit of the meter in the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird 25, while the output of the simulator of the simulated signal of the livestock 9 is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the simulated signal of the feed mixture at the maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 and the master of the simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 and to the first input of the signal matching circuit 19, the output of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 is connected to by the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial growing stage 12 and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the initial growing stage 13, the output of the simulated feed mixture dose signal generator with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the final growing stage 14 and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, outputs of the live signal calculator livestock I in the initial stage of growing 12 and the live weight signal calculator in the final stage of growing 14 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stage of growing 16, the output of which is through the shaper of the signal to disable the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live mass and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17 is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit 19, to the third input of which the output of the master si of the real age of livestock 1, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block 18, the first and second inputs and corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final growing stages 15 and to the corresponding inputs of the set of signal setters of economically optimal feed doses 3, while the output of the set of setters of intermediate controllers signal 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of growing 13 and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of growing 15, the first output of the block of control signal conditioners (Decision Maker interface) 20 through the signal mixer of the calculated dose of the feed mixture 23 connected to the connection of the third inputs of the signal calculator economically optimal ration in the initial stage of growing 13 and the signal calculator economically optimal ration in the final stage of growing 15, the second output of the block of control signal former (Decision maker interface) 20 is connected to the fourth inputs of the calculator of signals of the economically optimal ration in the initial stage of growing 13 and the signal calculator of the economically optimal ration through the signal generator of the form of optimization criterion 21 at the final stage of growing 15, the third output of the block of control signal conditioners (interface of the Decision Maker) 20 through the setter block of the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird 25 is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the first and second inputs of the block of shapers of control signals (Persons, Decision maker) 20 are connected respectively to the outputs of the meter for the flow signal of the feed mixture 23 and the meter for the signal of live weight of the animal or birds s 24.

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, it performs the following known actions: setting the dose rate of feed mixture depending on the type and age of the livestock , the calculation of the cost of the spent feed, depending on the given dose of feed consumption, the calculation of the estimated cost of production is given per batch of animals or poultry depending on the age of the livestock, measuring and setting the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, comparing the measured and set values, adjusting the dosage of each feed from a set of feed mixtures according to the result of the comparison, the cost of spending each feed from the kit feed mixtures are calculated depending on the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, generate signals of dose rates of feed from a set of feeds in feed mixtures, change the formed e signals of the dose rate values of the feed from the set of feeds in the feed mixture in the range from zero to the technologically permissible maximum value or to the achievable resource value of the dose rate of the feed from the set of feeds in the feed mixture at the enterprise, depending on the value of the variable signal of the generated dose rate value feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture calculate the total cost of the dose of the feed mixture, upon receipt of the signal corresponding to the highest increase in profit, the dose p on the basis of the feed mixture, the generated signals of the values of the doses of feed consumption from the feed set in the feed mixture are stored for the time the signal of the generated value of the dose rate of the feed mixture changes in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum set values, the measured value of the dose rate of feed from the set of feeds to the feed mixture is compared with the stored value according to the comparison result, the dosage regimen of the feed ingredient of the feed set from the feed set in the feed mixture is adjusted.

The device also performs the following new actions: calculates the estimated cost of production of a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the type of livestock and additionally generates signals of the following diet efficiency indicators:

- a signal of profit provided by the diet, according to quantitative dependence

- a signal of the level of profitability of the diet

- a signal of a balanced diet

- сигнал стоимости продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - сигнал потерь, вызываемых дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - сигнал стоимости рациона,where PR is the signal of profit provided by the diet;

- a signal of the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - a signal of losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - a signal of the cost of the diet,

- also additionally correct the generated signals of the values of the dose rate of each feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, upon receipt - corresponding to the highest value of the profit signal provided by the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the profitability level of the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the balance of the diet - the signal of the generated dose value of the feed mixture - remember the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture for the time the signal changes the dose rate of the feed mixture in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values, and according to the result of the comparison, the dosage regimen of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is additionally adjusted, while the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird is set, the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose is set at the maximum increase live weight of an animal or bird, depending on which they form a signal of live weight of an animal or bird in the initial stage of growing and form a signal economy of the optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, a simulated feed mixture dose signal is set with a minimum increase in live weight of the animal or bird, depending on which the live weight of the animal or bird in the final stage of growing is determined and a signal of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing is generated, signals are compared the live weight of the animal or bird in the initial and final stages of rearing and depending on the result of the comparison, form a signal to turn off the calculation mode maxi The initial increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, the signal of the real age of the animal or bird is set, when the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird, the signal of the real age of the bird and the generated signal turn off the calculation mode of the maximum increase in live weight and go to the calculation mode the minimum increase in live weight allows the choice for further control of the preparation of the economically best feed ration and preparation of close to economical The best fodder mixes for the programmed growth of animals and poultry of one of the two generated signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial or final stage of rearing, depending on one of these two formed signals, give signals close to the economically optimal feed doses, give signals of real feed doses, compare the given signals close to the economically optimal feed doses with the corresponding given signals of the real doses of feed and dosing to um for their subsequent mixing into the feed mixture, then correction of the mixing of the feed doses is carried out and a feed mixture close to economically optimal is obtained with the programmed growth of animals and poultry, the feed mixture consumption signal for the current day of cultivation is also measured, it is compared with the previously set signal of the calculated dose of feed mixture for the current day of growing the livestock of animals or poultry, the received signal of comparison further corrects the set value of the feed mixture consumption signal for the next day of growing the livestock and set the signal for the adjusted dose of feed mixture on the next day of raising animals and birds, also measure the live weight of animals and birds for the current day of growing, compare it with the previously set signal of the estimated live weight of animals and birds on the current day of growing the livestock or bird, the received comparison signal additionally corrects the set values of the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of animals and birds on the next day of growing the livestock and ass The signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of animals and poultry the next day of raising animals and poultry.

The device (Fig. 5) works as follows. For example, consider the case of broiler poultry farming. In the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a signal is periodically changed from its lowest value to its highest value, corresponding to the range of bird ages from one day to 35 days of the usual term for growing modern broiler crosses. This is done to determine, in accordance with the program of growing birds in the entire range of its ages, the following values. These are the values of the daily feed dose when controlling the diet at the initial stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at a maximum increase in live weight of 10. The values of the daily feed dose when controlling the composition of the diet in the final stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose at a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11.

In accordance with the obtained values of daily doses of the feed mixture, the values of the live weight signals of the poultry in the initial and final stages of rearing are calculated, since such two mathematical models of broiler productivity are known from technological experiments to refine broiler growth. These functions are performed by a poultry live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a poultry live weight signal calculator in the final stage of rearing 14. Also, in accordance with these values of daily doses of the feed mixture, when managing the diet in the initial and final stages of rearing, the ration of the optimal feed mixture is calculated. This is done by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15.

The comparison of the two values of the calculated productivity obtained at the same time occurs in the circuit for comparing livestock weight signals in the initial and final stages of rearing 16. At the output of this comparison circuit, a signal appears that is converted into a shaper of the shutdown signal for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the calculation mode of the minimum increase in live weight 17. The resulting converted signal is fed to the first control input of the signal matching circuit 19 and the signal suggests that at this point in time of computer modeling of the process of compiling economically optimal rations, a transition to the mode of restricting bird feeding is possible. The second control input of the signal matching circuit 19 also provides the output signal of the master of the simulated livestock age signal 9, with a time period of its formation in this master. The frequency of formation of this simulation signal can be high enough so that the operator can timely and quickly enough evaluate the electronically simulated process of forming programmed productive growth of the bird and timely make its control corrections.

The signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 sets the stroke time of the real production process. Its output signal is supplied to the third control input of the signal matching circuit 19 for practical comparison of the real-time course of the feeding process and the real growth of broilers with the course of the time-simulated process of programmed bird growth. The more accurately the operator-practitioner chooses the coefficients of the loss functions by means of a technical solution in the form of an appropriate master, the more accurately the transition from feeding broilers to their limited feeding is performed in real time. At the time of the simultaneous appearance of a signal matching circuit 19 at all three control inputs, it generates its own output control signal for the block of controlled keys 18. This block is triggered, and the device provides further passage of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry rearing. As a result, the passage through this block of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of broiler growing is stopped, and the passage through it of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry production begins. At this point in time, there is an automated transition from the regime of unlimited feeding of broilers, from the regime of feeding them ad libitum, to the regime of limited feeding of poultry. Starting from this point in time, the excessive overspending of the feed mixture with an economically optimal composition stops.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the connection of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through a signal encoder of the form of optimization criterion 21. This fact provides an economically optimal control over the compilation of the ration according to various optimization criteria. Also in FIG. 5 shows the connection of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through the signal adjuster of the calculated dose of feed mixture 23, as well as a similar connection through the block of adjuster of signal coefficients functions of losses in the estimated productivity of an animal or bird 25. These two relationships show that there is a simultaneous control over the compilation of the ration by the doses of feed and the preparation of feed mixtures and according to the needs of animals and birds with variable and controlled live weight.

The structure and functions of the device have changed significantly and allow for optimal compilation of the diet of poultry feeding. The operation of the automation device for compiling feed ration rations consists mainly in using, for example, a programmable controller that simulates feed mixtures as a control computing unit, in accordance with the figures given in the description (Fig. 1, ..., Fig. 5). These indicated and other situations can also significantly affect the growth and development of the organism of farmed animals and birds, which will quickly manifest itself in a decrease in their productivity, namely, in a decrease in live weight compared to a previously calculated value. The lack of information about the real live weight of animals and birds will not cause any changes in the operation of the programmed device for compiling rations according to the normal technology for raising animals and birds. This will mean the inconsistency of the feeding regime of the livestock under the calculated normal conditions and the required feeding regime in the current production situation. The real measured live weight began to differ from the normative live weight, according to which the diet was compiled. Therefore, these differences should be taken into account. The easiest way to do this is using the functions of productivity losses depending on the diet of the feed mixture.

The presence in the device of information about the live weight of animals and poultry entering the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 from the meter of the signal of live weight of an animal or bird 24 allows automatic real time increase in live weight of animals and poultry to be taken into account. The difference between the real daily gain in live weight of animals and poultry from the previously calculated daily gain is automatically taken into account when setting the coefficients of the productivity loss functions. It is also possible to automatically set these coefficients using a programmable control device or a human operator, i.e. specialist of the feed production workshop at a large livestock or poultry enterprise (Decision Maker). For example, if, for some technical and technological reasons, animals or birds began to lose their live weight, then the form of the loss functions should become steeper, i.e. the steepness of the loss functions should increase. This is achieved by a corresponding change in the "Slope" coefficient. After such a change, the economically best feed mixture is recalculated for the next day of livestock rearing, taking into account the really increased loss of live weight by animals or poultry. This, in turn, means that in accordance with the method of compiling the economically best fodder ration and preparing the economically best fodder mixture with information about the live weight of animals and poultry, the device for the new value of the live weight of animals and poultry will automatically create a new and, quite possibly, a completely different diet of feed mixtures. And this is also quite understandable: if the livestock began to be characterized by a new and different from the previously calculated value of live weight of animals and poultry by its value, then the new feed mixture diet should still fill the energy needs of the livestock. And this can be done by correcting the form of the loss functions, which will lead to the automatic introduction of amendments to the feed mixture ration. Otherwise, the increase in the live weight of animals and birds, the device according to the method will immediately adjust the diet of the feed mixture on the next day of cultivation and at the same time saturate the diet with less energetically valuable feeds, which have correspondingly lower cost.

Thus, the presence in the method and device of information on the consumption of feed mixture and on live weight of animals and poultry can automatically or automatically meet the needs of the livestock in the previous estimated amount of feed mixture, while fulfilling the zootechnological requirements for its energy content. And at the same time, in an automatic or automated mode, make an economically optimal diet, taking into account the pricing of feed included in the feed mixture.

The functional capabilities of managing technologies for compiling diets for feeding animals and poultry and feed preparation are expanding, since this provides economically optimal control of the technological mode of preparing the feed mixture, taking into account the needs of the livestock of animals and poultry. Such results are provided by technical solutions of the data of the method and device. In an automated mode, the economically best fodder ration is prepared according to various criteria of optimization and the preparation of the feed mixture close to the economically best fodder is obtained with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about feed mixture consumption and live weight of animals and poultry. The accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture and the consumption of the feed mixture and the live weight of animals and poultry is significantly increased in order to increase the accuracy of the control of feed preparation processes if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of animal and bird rearing.

The arsenal of technical equipment of a similar purpose is expanding, namely for compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry. The device provides for the declared purpose of compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

Claims (1)

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, it contains a real-age live signal adjuster, a block of intermediate control signal adjusters, a signal adjuster block economically optimal doses of feed, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the circuit block is compared I of feed dose signals, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the actual feed doses are connected, and the outputs of the unit for comparing feed dose signal signals are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed , characterized in that the device is entered into the device simulated signal of the age of the livestock, the simulator of the simulated signal dose of feed mixture with a maximum increase livestock mass of the livestock, master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, calculator of live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, calculator of live weight of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, calculator of signals of economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages of growing, form signal generator of the shutdown mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of a Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a meter of a signal of the feed mixture, a generator the signal of the calculated dose of the feed mixture, the meter of the signal of live weight of the animal or bird and the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the calculated an animal or bird, while the output of the simulator of the livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the feed mixture simulated signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the master of the simulated feed mixture dose at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulated simulator feed dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the live weight of the livestock in the initial the cultivation stage and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the initial cultivation stage, the output of the simulated feed mixture dose signal generator with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live mass signal calculator in the final growth stage and the economical optimal diet signal calculator in the final growth stage, outputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of growing and the live weight signal calculator in k at the final stage of cultivation are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages of cultivation, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circuit through the signal shaper of the shutdown mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight coincidence of signals, to the third input of which is connected the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of the livestock, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the unit adjustable keys, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation and to the corresponding inputs of the set of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the set of intermediate control signal setters is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the economically optimal signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, the first output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control formers with needles or interface of the Decision Maker, through the signal generator of the type of optimization criterion, connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growth and the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the third output of the block of control signal generators or the interface of the Decision maker The solution, through the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird, is connected to the fifth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the first and second inputs of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker are connected respectively to the outputs of the feed mixture signal meter and the live signal meter mass of animal or bird.

Images