RU2553883C2 - Device for formulation of economically best fodder ration using various criteria of optimisation and preparation of economically best fodder mix at programmable growth of animals and birds and at availability of information on their live weight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, to technologies of formulation of fodder rations and feedings of farm animals and birds and can be used in animal industry and poultry farming branches. The device contains the livestock real age signal set unit 1, the set unit of intermediate control signals 2, the set unit of signals of economically optimum forage doses 3. The outputs of the unit 3 are connected to the first non-inverting inputs of the comparator of signals of forage doses 4. The outputs of the set unit of signals of real forage doses 5 are connected to the second inverting inputs of the unit 4. The outputs of the unit 4 are connected to inputs of the unit of forage batchers 6. The outputs of the unit 6 are connected to the mixer 7 inputs at the output of which the economically optimum forage mix 8 is formed. The set unit of the simulated signal of livestock age 9, the set unit of the simulated signal of the forage mix dose at the maximum gain of livestock live weight 10, the set unit of the simulated signal of forage mix dose at the minimum gain of livestock live weight 11, the calculator of signal of livestock live weight at the initial stage of cultivation 12, the calculator of signals of economically optimum ration at the initial stage of cultivation 13, the calculator of signal of livestock live weight at the final stage of cultivation 14, the calculator of signals of economically optimum ration at the final stage of cultivation 15, the comparator of signals of livestock live weight at the initial and at the final stage of cultivation 16, the shaper of signal of disabling of the mode of calculation of the maximum gain of live weight and switching to the mode of calculation of the minimum gain of the live weight 17, the unit of the controlled keys 18, the circuit of coincidence of signals 19, the unit of shapers of the controlling signals or the Decision Maker interface 20, the signal set unit of type of criterion of optimisation 21, the signal measuring instrument of live weight of animal or bird 22, the signal set unit of the rated forage mix dose 23 and the set unit of signals of coefficients of functions of losses of rated efficiency of animal or bird 24 are added to the device. The output of the signal set unit 9 is connected to inputs of set unit of signals 10, 11 and to the first input of the circuit 19. The output of the signal set unit 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of signal calculators 12 and 13. The output of the signal set unit 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of signal calculators 14 and 15. The outputs of signal calculators 12 and 14 are connected to the first and second inputs of the circuit 16. The output of the circuit 16 through the signal shaper 17 is connected to the second input of the circuit 19. The output of the signal set unit 1 is connected to the third input of the circuit 19. The output of the circuit 19 is connected to the controlling input of the unit 18. The first and second inputs and the respective outputs of the unit 18 are connected to the output of signal calculators 13, 15 and to inputs of the unit 3. The output of the unit 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of signal calculators 13 and 15. The first output of the unit 20 through the signal set unit 21 is connected to connection of the third inputs of signal calculators 13 and 15. The second output of the unit 20 through the signal set unit 23 is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal calculators 13 and 15. The third output of the unit 20 through the unit 24 is connected to connection of the fifth inputs of the signal calculators 13 and 15. The input of the unit 20 is connected to the output of the signal measuring instrument 22.

EFFECT: improvement of accuracy of measurement of live weight of animals and birds, and determination of fodder doses and the forage mix consumption is provided at formulation of fodder ration and preparation of fodder mix for animals and birds.

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Description

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to the technology of making feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in industries of livestock and poultry.

There is a device for making cost-effective feed ration and cost-effective feeding of animals and poultry, providing the determination of the economically best diet and the best daily dose of the feed mixture (feed mixture) (in this prototype it is indicated “feed”, in the sense of feed mixture), obtaining the highest value adopted for the management of the economic criterion (sign, indicator) of profit growth from technological processes for preparing feed mixtures and feeding the livestock. (RF patent 2462864. A device for preparing an economical feed ration and economical feeding of animals and poultry / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2012. No. 28).

As a result of the use of this invention (prototype), such quantitative values of the feed components are established (in this prototype it is indicated “feed ingredients”) in the dose of the feed mixture and the dose of feed mixture itself, at which the highest profit growth at the given time from the action of the most expensive technological feed preparation and feeding of animals and birds.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock according to another technical and economic criterion of optimization in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with the number of animals or poultry etc.). Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of economical control of technological processes of making an economic ration of feed mixtures and limited feeding of livestock at the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mix is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight . Also a disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of information about the live weight of animals and birds. Therefore, it is quite difficult to control the technological processes of compiling the feed mixture ration and feeding the livestock with high accuracy without taking into account such information about various optimization criteria, the live weight of the livestock being raised to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation that is developing at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.). The decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry should immediately lead to an increase in the estimated loss of livestock productivity, which are represented by the calculated loss functions and which can be modified using various coefficients of mathematical models of these functions. Changing the type of loss functions will automatically affect the result of the corresponding recalculation of the economically best diet of the new feed mixture, which prevents the indicated decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry. However, in the absence of information about the live weight of animals and poultry, the technology for compiling a ration and dosing the feed mixture will remain the same, which will lead to a clear overrun of expensive feed in the feed mixture. Therefore, a new technical solution should be able to act if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Thus, the new technical solution should be able to act simultaneously if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly expand the functionality of the method and device, which requires the use of information on the live weight of animals and birds in the process of drawing up diets.

The objective of the invention is the automated control of technological processes of compiling a feed mixture according to various technical and economic optimization criteria, the automated economical control of technological processes of compiling an economic feed mixture in the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight and if there is information about the live weight of animals and birds, the accuracy of determining the consumption of feed mixtures for a corresponding increase in the accuracy of control of the processes of feed preparation in the presence of information about the live weight of animals and birds in the final stage of raising animals and birds. Thus, the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of a similar purpose, namely, to compose a feed ration and prepare a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

As a result of the use of the invention, it is possible to control the technological process of preparing an economical feed ration for achieving the highest technical and economic efficiency of this process according to one or another economic optimization criterion in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation taking shape at an agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.), and provide This also happens in the final stage of raising animals and birds, when the majority of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, and if there is information about the live weight of animals and birds to achieve the highest technical and economic the effectiveness of these processes in the emerging technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise, which allows saving costly feed. Also, as a result of the use of the invention, the accuracy of measuring live weight of animals and poultry and the accuracy of determining the doses of feed and the consumption of feed mixtures are significantly increased to correspondingly increase the accuracy of control of the feed preparation processes when there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in the final stage of raising animals and poultry. Thus, the technical result, in turn, lies in the implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight, contains a real-age live signal generator, a block of intermediate control signal generators, a block signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the unit circuits for comparing feed dose signal signals, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the real feed doses are connected, and the outputs of the unit for comparing feed dose signal signals are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at a maximum increase is introduced into the device live weight of livestock, master of simulated feed mixture dose signal with minimal increase in live weight of livestock, calculator of live weight of livestock signal in the initial stage of growing, calculator of signals of economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, calculator of live weight signal of livestock in the final stage of growing, calculator of signals of economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages of growing, The turn-off signal driver of the mode of calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum gain of live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of a Decision maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a meter of a signal of live weight of an animal or poultry, a setter of a signal for a calculated dose of feed mixture and a block of a setter of signals for the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of an animal or bird, while the output the simulator of the simulated livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the simulator of the simulated feed mixture at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulator of the simulated live mix dose of the feed mixture at the maximum the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and the whitefish calculator of economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation and the economical optimal diet signal calculator in the final growth stage, outputs of the live signal calculator livestock masses at the initial stage of cultivation and a live weight signal calculator livestock at the final stage of cultivation are connected respectively, to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages of growing, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit through the signal shaper of the shutdown mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight the third input of which is connected to the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of the livestock, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the block of controlled keys, the first and second inputs s and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation and to the corresponding inputs of the set of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the block of adjuster of intermediate control signals connected to the connection of the second inputs of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the first output of a block of control signal conditioners or a decision maker’s interface is connected via a signal generator of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the third inputs of a signal calculator of an economically optimal ration at the initial stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal ration at the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Person Accepting its solution, through the signal mixer of the estimated dose of the feed mixture is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation, the third output of the block of control signal conditioners or the Decision-maker’s interface through the block of regulators the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the signal processor s economically optimum ration at the initial stage of cultivation and calculating signals economically optimum ration at a final stage of cultivation, and the input block formers or interface control signals, decision makers, connected to the output of the signal meter live weight of the animal or bird.

In FIG. 1, ..., FIG. 5 illustrates the principle of operation and construction of the device. In FIG. 1 shows examples of livestock productivity loss functions. In FIG. 2 shows a dialog box for correction of loss functions. In FIG. Figure 3 illustrates the loss of productivity of animals and birds caused by a deviation from the norm of the content of the nutrition component in the diet [see Lukyanov P.B. Decision support system for optimizing the operational management of the economy of livestock production. Abstract. Diss ... Doct. economy sciences. - M.: RGAU-TSHA, 2011. - 46 s]. In FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the control optimization algorithm for feeding animals and birds.

In FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of a device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight: 1 - signal source of the real age of the livestock, 2 - block of intermediate control signals , 3 - a block of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, 4 - a block of signal comparison diagrams for feed doses, 5 - a block of signal setters for real feed doses, 6 - feed dispenser unit, 7 - mixer, 8 - economically optimal feed mixture (storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), 9 - switch of the simulated signal of the livestock age, 10 - switch of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, 11 - switch of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, 12 - calculator of the signal of live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of growing, 13 - calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, 14 - calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, 15 - calculator of the signals of the economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, 16 - circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of cultivation, 17 - shaper of the disconnect signal for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, 18 - block of controlled keys, 19 - signal matching circuit, 20 - block of control signal generators (Person interface, Acceptance guide solution), 21 - setpoint signal type optimization criterion, 22 - signal meter live weight of the animal or poultry, 23 - calculated dose dial kormosmesi signal 24 - block signal setting devices function coefficients calculated loss of productivity of the animal or bird.

For the proper development of young farm animals and / or obtaining high-quality livestock products, it is necessary to observe a certain pattern of growth in the mass of animals. The optimal dynamics of the increase in mass of animals is determined by modeling the physiological processes of growth, or by conducting field experiments [1. Dudin V.I., Cherepanov G.G., Kuznetsov S.G., Manukhina A.I. Experimental testing of a systematic model of pig growth // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 2. Kutsenko A.I. Mathematical modeling and optimization of production parameters in complexes for fattening cattle // The dissertation on competition. student degrees of cand. ek. sciences. - M., 2007. 3. Tyupaev I.M., Cherepanov G.G. The growth dynamics of gobies at different levels of nutrition // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 4. Cherepanov G.G. Systemic morphophysiological theory of animal growth. - Borovsk, 1994. 5. Cherepanov G.G., Agafonov V.I. The rationale for the optimal growth rate and the most appropriate slaughter time for growing and fattening cattle // Zootechny, No. 3, 1994. 6. Shlyakhtunov VI, Plyashchenko AI Improving the quality of beef. - Minsk, 1986.].

The main regulator of growth is the daily diet. In this case, the task of ration optimization is formulated as follows: "To compose a diet that provides a given increase in the mass of animals at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." The economic efficiency of feed use is expressed by profit or profitability provided by the diet. With this statement of the problem, the methodology for ration optimization when programming the increase in the mass of animals can have two options - “one-step” and “multi-step”.

The first option is “one-step”. The ration optimization for obtaining a given increase in the mass of animals according to the first embodiment is oriented toward separate optimization of the diets according to the gain specified for each step of weight gain. In this case, the initial data for the calculation are the characteristics of the animal averaged over the “step” and the specified daily weight gain. In this case, optimization is performed according to the method of planning rations for individual dosed feeding of animals [Lukyanov BV, Lukyanov PB New information technology for optimizing diets for farm animals (Computer programs "CORAL"): Training manual - M .: Publishing house of the Russian State Autonomous Administration-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2009.] using one of the criteria:

- maximum profit for a given productivity;

- maximum profitability for a given productivity;

- the minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity.

The second option is multi-step. In the absence of a requirement to provide a given incremental weight gain as an alternative to the first option, the following statement of the problem can serve: "To compose a series of diets that provide the required increase in animal mass for a given period of time at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." With this formulation, the ration optimization problem falls into the class of optimal control problems and is formulated as follows in the framework of the optimal control theory: “It is required to find such a feeding dynamics (control path) that the mass of the animal grows from the initial value m ₀ corresponding to time t ₀ , "to the required value m ₁ corresponding to a given point in time t ₁ with a minimum cost of feed." Thus, the control object is an animal, the state of which is characterized by two phase variables: “mass” and “daily weight gain”. The control vector is the daily ration. For the quality functional, the cost of feed consumed per animal for the period of fattening is taken. Time changes discretely; the time quantum adopted in animal husbandry and poultry farming is one day. After reducing the problem to the standard form of problems in the theory of optimal control, the conditions of the problem are described as follows. The phase vector of the object is two-dimensional:

where x ¹ is the mass of the animal; x ² - daily weight gain. The control is set by the feed diet vector:

where u ^k (t) is the mass of the k-th feed in the diet of the t-th day of fattening; m is the amount of feed ration.

The quality functional is described by the expression:

where J (u (t), x (t)) is the quality functional; C _race - the cost of the diet on the j-th day of fattening; j∈ [t ₀ , t ₁ ].

The problem is solved in the following sequence.

1. Estimated controllability of the object, ie the ability to perform the required fattening in a given period of time by the available feeds is checked. To assess the controllability of the object, a series of ration calculations is performed according to the criterion of “maximum productivity” for the fattening period with a discreteness of one day. If at the end of the period the required mass of the animal is not achieved, then it is concluded that the object is uncontrollable, and the initial data of the problem should be reviewed. If the required mass of the animal has been reached, it is concluded that the object is controllable. In this case, the control u ⁰ (t) and the trajectory x ⁰ (t) are remembered and the solution of the problem continues.

2. The optimal control path and the corresponding phase path of the object are determined. When growing and fattening animals when moving from t ₀ to t _1, payment for feed is reduced, since the mass of animals is growing and, accordingly, the proportion of the diet that goes to maintain their life increases. Therefore, in order to minimize feed consumption, weight gain at the end of the period should be made minimally acceptable from the point of view of preserving the health of animals and observing the technological conditions for their growth. Therefore, at this step of solving the problem to determine the optimal control path, a "reverse" calculation of the change in the mass of the animal is performed, when moving from t ₁ to t ₀ , according to the criterion of "minimum cost for a given productivity."

In FIG. 4 illustrates the sequence of solving the problem through the change in time of the mass of the animal (x ¹ (t)). Curve x ⁰¹ (t) represents the first step of the solution - an assessment of controllability. The curve x ¹ (t) corresponds to optimal control; the arrow indicates the direction of the sequence of calculations in determining the optimal control path. Calculation of rations according to the minimum increase begins at time t ₁ (point C) and continues until it intersects with the curve x ⁰¹ (t) (point B). On the VA plot, rations are calculated according to the maximum increase. The found rations determine the optimal control for fattening an animal with an initial mass x ¹ (t ₀ ) to the required mass x ¹ (t ₁ ) with a minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing rations for programmable animal growth can be carried out, including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding pigs” [, E-mail:].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture for programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight, contains a live signal generator for livestock 1, an intermediate control signal generator set 2, and economically optimal signal generator set doses of feed 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the block circuits for comparing the doses of feed 4, the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the signals of the real doses of feed 5 are connected, and the outputs of the block for comparing the signals of the doses of feeds 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the block of feed dispensers 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed ( the storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), at the same time, a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a maximum the increase in live weight of the livestock 10, the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock 11, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of growing 12, the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the live weight of the livestock in the final stage cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation 15, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final hundred AI 16, shaper of the signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17, a block of controlled keys 18, a circuit for matching signals 19, a block of shapers of control signals (interface of the Decision Maker) 20, a signal generator of the form optimization criterion 21, a signal meter of live weight of an animal or bird 22, a signal generator of a calculated dose of feed mixture 23 signal and a block of signal generators of the coefficients of functions of loss of calculated productivity a bird or 24, while the output of the simulated signal generator of livestock 9 is connected to the inputs of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at a maximum increase in live weight of the livestock 10 and the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock 11 and to the first input of the signal matching circuit 19 , the output of the master of the simulated signal of the dose of the feed mixture at the maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the signal of live weight of livestock in the beginning at the initial stage of growing 14 and the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the output of the simulator of a simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the signal of live weight of the livestock at the final stage of growing 14 and the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the outputs of the live signal calculator livestock in the initial stage of growing 12 and the live signal calculator the headbands in the final stage of growing 14 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of livestock in the initial and final stages of growing 16, the output of which is through the shaper of the signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switch to the mode for calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17 connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit 19, to the third input of which the output of the signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 is connected, and the output of which is connected to the control the input of the controlled key block 18, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial growing stage 13, to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final growing stage 15 and to the corresponding inputs of the signal setter block economically optimal feed doses 3, while the output of the set of controllers of the intermediate control signals 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the signal transmitter of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the first output of the block of control signal former (Decision maker interface) 20 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the economically optimal signal calculator through the signal generator of the estimated dose of feed mixture 23 diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the second output b lock of control signal shapers (Decision Maker's interface) 20 is connected via a signal generator of the form of optimization criterion 21 to the connection of the fourth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial growing stage 13 and the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final growing stage 15, and the third block output control signal shapers (Decision Maker's interface) 20 through the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity animal or bird 24 is connected to the fifth input of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of rearing 13 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of rearing 15, the input of the block of control signal conditioners (interface of the Decision maker) 20 is connected to the output of the signal meter mass of animal or bird 22.

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight, performs the following known actions: setting the dose rate of the feed mixture depending on the type and age of the population, calculating the cost for consumed feed depending on a given dose of feed mixture consumption, calculation of the estimated cost of production of a given batch of animals or poultry depending on the age of the livestock, measuring and setting the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, comparing the measured and set values, adjusting the dosage of each feed from a set of feed mixtures according to the comparison result, the cost of each feed consumed from a set of feed mixtures is calculated depending from the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, form the signals of dose rates of feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture, change the generated signals of dose rates consumption feed from a set of feeds in feed mixtures in the range from zero to the technologically permissible maximum value or to a realistic attainable resource value of a feed consumption dose of this feed from a set of feeds in feed mixtures at an enterprise, and depending on the value of a variable signal of the generated dose dose rate of feed from a feed set in feed mixtures calculate the total cost of the dose of the feed mixture, upon receipt of the signal corresponding to the highest increase in profit, the generated dose of the feed mixture is remembered the generated signals of the values of the doses of feed consumption from the feed set in the feed mixture for the time the signal of the generated value of the dose rate of feed mixes in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum set values is compared, the measured value of the dose rate of feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is compared with the stored value and by the result of comparison adjust the dosage regimen of the feed ingredient from the feed set in the feed mixture.

The device also performs the following new actions: calculates the estimated cost of production of a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the type of livestock and additionally generates signals of the following diet efficiency indicators:

- a signal of profit provided by the diet, according to quantitative dependence

- a signal of the level of profitability of the diet

- a signal of a balanced diet

- сигнал стоимости продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - сигнал потерь, вызываемых дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - сигнал стоимости рациона,where PR is the signal of profit provided by the diet;

- a signal of the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - a signal of losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - a signal of the cost of the diet,

- also additionally correct the generated signals of the values of the dose rate of each feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, upon receipt - corresponding to the highest value of the profit signal provided by the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the profitability level of the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the balance of the diet - the signal of the generated dose value of the feed mixture - remember the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture for the time the signal changes the dose rate of the feed mixture in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values, and according to the result of the comparison, the dosage regimen of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is additionally adjusted, while the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird is set, the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose is set at the maximum increase live weight of an animal or bird, depending on which they form a signal of live weight of an animal or bird in the initial stage of growing and form a signal economy of the optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, a simulated feed mixture dose signal is set with a minimum increase in live weight of the animal or bird, depending on which the live weight of the animal or bird in the final stage of growing is determined and a signal of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing is generated, signals are compared the live weight of the animal or bird in the initial and final stages of rearing and depending on the result of the comparison, form a signal to turn off the calculation mode maxi The initial increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, the signal of the real age of the animal or bird is set, when the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird, the signal of the real age of the bird and the generated signal turn off the calculation mode of the maximum increase in live weight and go to the calculation mode the minimum increase in live weight allows the choice for further control of the preparation of the economically best feed ration and preparation of close to economical The best fodder mixes for the programmed growth of animals and poultry of one of the two generated signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial or final stage of rearing, depending on one of these two formed signals, give signals close to the economically optimal feed doses, give signals of real feed doses, compare the given signals close to the economically optimal feed doses with the corresponding given signals of the real doses of feed and dosing to um for their subsequent mixing into the feed mixture, then correction of the mixing of feed doses is carried out and a feed mixture close to economically optimal is obtained with the programmed growth of animals and poultry, the signal of live weight of animals and poultry for the current day of growing is also measured, it is compared with the previously set signal of the calculated live weight animals and birds on the current day of growing the livestock of animals or birds, the received signal of comparison additionally adjust the set values of the signals of the coefficients of the loss function p the estimated productivity of animals and poultry on the next day of growing livestock and set the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of animals and poultry the next day of raising animals and poultry.

The device (Fig. 5) works as follows. For example, consider the case of broiler poultry farming. In the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a signal is periodically changed from its lowest value to its highest value, corresponding to the range of bird ages from one day to 35 days of the usual term for growing modern broiler crosses. This is done to determine, in accordance with the program of growing birds in the entire range of its ages, the following values. These are the values of the daily feed dose when controlling the diet at the initial stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at a maximum increase in live weight of 10. The values of the daily feed dose when controlling the composition of the diet in the final stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose at a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11. In accordance with the obtained values of daily doses of feed mixture, the values of signals of live m ssy birds in the initial and final stages of cultivation, such as two mathematical models known in the productivity of broilers technological experiments to refine the broiler growth. These functions are performed by a poultry live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a poultry live weight signal calculator in the final stage of rearing 14. Also, in accordance with these values of daily doses of the feed mixture, when managing the diet in the initial and final stages of rearing, the ration of the optimal feed mixture is calculated. This is done by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15.

The comparison of the two values of the calculated productivity obtained at the same time occurs in the circuit for comparing livestock weight signals in the initial and final stages of rearing 16. At the output of this comparison circuit, a signal appears that is converted into a shaper of the shutdown signal for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the calculation mode of the minimum increase in live weight 17. The resulting converted signal is fed to the first control input of the signal matching circuit 19 and the signal suggests that at this point in time of computer modeling of the process of compiling economically optimal rations, a transition to the mode of restricting bird feeding is possible. The second control input of the signal matching circuit 19 also provides the output signal of the master of the simulated livestock age signal 9, with a time period of its formation in this master. The frequency of formation of this simulation signal can be high enough so that the operator can timely and quickly enough evaluate the electronically simulated process of forming programmed productive growth of the bird and timely make its control corrections. The signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 sets the stroke time of the real production process. Its output signal is supplied to the third control input of the signal matching circuit 19 for practical comparison of the real-time course of the feeding process and the real growth of broilers with the course of the time-simulated process of programmed bird growth.

The more accurately the operator-practitioner chooses the coefficients of the loss functions by means of a technical solution in the form of an appropriate master, the more accurately the transition from feeding broilers to their limited feeding is performed in real time. At the time of the simultaneous appearance of a signal matching circuit 19 at all three control inputs, it generates its own output control signal for the block of controlled keys 18. This block is triggered, and the device provides further passage of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry rearing. As a result, the passage through this block of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of broiler growing is stopped, and the passage through it of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry production begins. At this point in time, there is an automated transition from the regime of unlimited feeding of broilers, from the regime of feeding them ad libitum, to the regime of limited feeding of poultry. Starting from this point in time, the excessive overspending of the feed mixture with an economically optimal composition stops.

In FIG. 5 shows the relationship of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through a signal encoder of the form of optimization criterion 21. This fact provides an economically optimal control over the compilation of the ration according to various optimization criteria. Also in FIG. 5 shows the connection of the block of control signal former (interface of the Decision-maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through the signal generator of the calculated dose of feed mixture 23, as well as a similar connection through the block of signal generator of the coefficients functions of losses in the estimated productivity of an animal or bird 24. These two relationships show that there is a simultaneous control over the compilation of the ration by the doses of feed and the preparation of feed si according to the needs of animals and birds with a changing and controlled live weight.

The structure and functions of the device have changed significantly and allow for optimal compilation of the diet of poultry feeding. The operation of the automation device for compiling feed ration rations consists mainly in using, for example, a programmable controller that simulates feed mixtures as a control computing unit, in accordance with the figures given in the description (Fig. 1, ..., Fig. 5). These indicated and other situations can also significantly affect the growth and development of the organism of farmed animals and birds, which will quickly manifest itself in a decrease in their productivity, namely, in a decrease in live weight compared to a previously calculated value. The lack of information about the real live weight of animals and birds will not cause any changes in the operation of the programmed device for compiling rations according to the normal technology for raising animals and birds. This will mean the inconsistency of the feeding regime of the livestock under the calculated normal conditions and the required feeding regime in the current production situation. The real measured live weight began to differ from the normative live weight, according to which the diet was compiled. Therefore, these differences should be taken into account. The easiest way to do this is using the functions of productivity losses depending on the diet of the feed mixture.

The presence in the device of information about the live weight of animals and poultry entering the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 13 from the signal meter of the live weight of the animal or poultry 14 makes it possible to automatically take into account the real daily gain in live weight of animals and poultry. The difference between the real daily gain in live weight of animals and poultry from the previously calculated daily gain is automatically taken into account when setting the coefficients of the productivity loss functions. It is also possible to automatically set these coefficients using a programmable control device or a human operator, i.e. specialist of the feed production workshop at a large livestock or poultry enterprise (Decision Maker). For example, if, for some technical and technological reasons, animals or birds began to lose their live weight, then the form of the loss functions should become steeper, i.e. the steepness of the loss functions should increase. This is achieved by a corresponding change in the "Slope" coefficient. After such a change, the economically best feed mixture is recalculated for the next day of livestock rearing, taking into account the really increased loss of live weight by animals or poultry. This, in turn, means that in accordance with the method of compiling the economically best fodder ration and preparing the economically best fodder mixture with information about the live weight of animals and poultry, the device for the new value of the live weight of animals and poultry will automatically create a new and, quite possibly, a completely different diet of feed mixtures. And this is also quite understandable: if the livestock began to be characterized by a new and different from the previously calculated value of live weight of animals and poultry by its value, then the new feed mixture diet should still fill the energy needs of the livestock. And this can be done by correcting the form of the loss functions, which will lead to the automatic introduction of amendments to the feed mixture ration. Otherwise, the increase in the live weight of animals and birds, the device according to the method will immediately adjust the diet of the feed mixture on the next day of cultivation and at the same time saturate the diet with less energetically valuable feeds, which have correspondingly lower cost.

Thus, the presence in the device of information about the live weight of animals and birds allows, in an automatic or automated mode, to satisfy the needs of the livestock in the previous calculated amount of feed mixture, while fulfilling the zootechnological requirements for its energy content. And at the same time, in an automatic or automated mode, make an economically optimal diet, taking into account the pricing of feed included in the feed mixture. The functional capabilities of managing technologies for compiling diets for feeding animals and poultry and feed preparation are expanding, since this provides economically optimal control of the technological mode of preparing the feed mixture, taking into account the needs of the livestock of animals and poultry.

In the automated mode, the economically best fodder ration is prepared according to various criteria for optimization and the preparation of the feed mixture close to the economically best is achieved with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry. The accuracy of measuring the live weight of animals and poultry and the accuracy of determining the doses of feed and the consumption of feed mixtures are significantly increased in order to increase the accuracy of the control of feed preparation processes if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in the final stage of raising animals and poultry.

The arsenal of technical equipment of a similar purpose is expanding, namely for compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry. The device is implementing the declared purpose of compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

Claims (1)

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture for programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight, contains a real-age live signal generator, an intermediate control signal generator unit, an economically optimal feed dose signal generator unit the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the feed dose signal comparison circuit block the corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the feed doses are connected, and the outputs of the unit for comparing the signals of feed doses are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, the output of which forms an economically optimal feed mixture, characterized in that the device introduces a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, to a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, a live weight live signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation, an economically optimal diet signal live signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation, a live weight live weight signal calculator in the final growth stage, an economically optimal diet signal signal calculator in the final stage cultivation, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages of cultivation, a shaper of the shutdown signal bench for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a signal meter of live weight of an animal or bird, a generator the signal of the calculated dose of the feed mixture and the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird, while the output of the setter of the simulated signal and the livestock age is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock population with the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of growing and the signal calculator is economically optimal about the diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final cultivation stage and the economical optimal diet signal calculator in the final cultivation stage, the outputs of the live mass signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation and the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock in the final stage of cultivation are connected respectively to the first and second the r inputs of the livestock live signal comparison circuit at the initial and final stages of growing, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, to the third input of which is connected through the driver of the signal to disable the mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of the livestock, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the block of managed keys, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs They are connected respectively to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, and to the corresponding inputs of the unit of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the block of adjuster of intermediate control signals is connected to the connection of the second the inputs of the calculator signals economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and the calculator signals econom of the optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, the first output of the block of control signal generators or the interface of the Decision Maker is connected via a signal generator of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the third inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economical optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage cultivation, the second output of the block of shapers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker through the master si the estimated dose of the feed mixture is connected to the fourth input of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the third output of the block of control signal conditioners or the Decision Maker’s interface through the block of signal generators of the coefficients of the calculated loss functions productivity of an animal or bird is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the economically optimal signal calculator ration at the initial stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, and the input of the block of drivers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker is connected to the output of the signal meter of live weight of an animal or bird.

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