RU2552966C2 - Device of formulation on various optimisation criteria of close to economically best feed ration and making close to economically best feed mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry taking into account functions of losing their productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, to technologies of formulation of feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry. The device comprises a setting device of signal of real age of livestock population 1, a unit of setting devices of intermediate control signals 2, a unit of setting devices of economically optimal feed doses 3. The outputs of the unit 3 are connected to the first non-inverting inputs of the comparison circuits unit of signals of feed doses 4. The second inverting inputs of the unit 4 are connected to the outputs of the unit of setting devices of signals of real feed doses 5. The outputs of the unit 4 are connected to the inputs of the unit of feed dispensers 6. The outputs of the unit 6 are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at which output the economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed. The device comprises the setting device of the simulated signal of livestock population age 9, the setting device of the simulated signal of feed mixture dose with a maximum weight gain of livestock population 11, the setting device of the simulated signal of feed mixture dose with a minimum weight gain of livestock population 11, the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the initial stage of growing 12, the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the initial stage of growing 13, the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the final stage of growing 14, the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the final stage of growing 15, the comparison circuit of signals of live weight of livestock population in the initial and final stage of growing 16, the signal conditioner of switching off the mode of calculation of maximum weight gain and transmitting to the mode of calculation of the minimum weight gain 17, the unit of controlled keys 18, the signal coincidence circuit 19, the unit of generators of control signals or interface of decision-maker 20, the setting device of signal of type of optimisation criterion 21, the setting device of signal of value of allowable reduction of criterion 22, the unit of setting devices of signal of coefficients of function charts of losses 23. The output of the setting device of signal 9 is connected to the inputs of the setting devices of signals 10 and 11 and to the first input of the circuit 19. The output of the setting device of signal 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer units of signals 12 and 13. The output of the setting device of signal 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer units of signals 14 and 15. The outputs of the computer units of signals 12 and 14 are connected to first and second inputs of the circuit 16. The output of the circuit 16 through the signal conditioner 17 is connected to the second input of the circuit 19. The third input of the circuit 19 is connected to the output of the setting device of signal 1. The output of the circuit 19 is connected to the control input of the unit 18. The first and second inputs and the outputs of the unit 18 are connected to the output of the computer units of signals 13 and 15, and to the inputs of unit 3. The output of the unit 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the computer unit of signals 13 and 15. The first output of the unit 20 through the setting device of signal 21 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the computer unit of signals 13 and 15. The second output of the unit 20 through the setting device of signal 22 is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the computer unit of signals 13 and 15. The third output of the unit 20 through the unit 23 is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the computer unit of signals 13 and 15.

EFFECT: improvement of accuracy of setting and adjustment of feed doses of feed mixture is provided in formulation of the feed ration and making feed mixture for animals and poultry.

13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to the technology of making feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in industries of livestock and poultry.

There is a device for making cost-effective feed ration and cost-effective feeding of animals and poultry, providing the determination of the economically best diet and the best daily dose of the feed mixture (feed mixture) (in this prototype it is indicated “feed”, in the sense of feed mixture), obtaining the highest value adopted for the management of the economic criterion (sign, indicator) of profit growth from technological processes for preparing feed mixtures and feeding the livestock. (RF patent 2462864. A device for preparing an economical feed ration and economical feeding of animals and poultry / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2012. No. 28).

As a result of the use of this invention (prototype), such quantitative values of the feed components are established (in this prototype it is indicated “feed ingredients”) in the dose of the feed mixture and the dose of feed mixture itself, at which the highest profit growth at the given time from the action of the most expensive technological feed preparation and feeding of animals and birds.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock according to another technical and economic criterion of optimization in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with the number of animals or poultry etc.). Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of automated formation of feed mixtures recipes that are close to the optimal feed mixtures in terms of a uniform performance indicator, but with other sets of feeds available in the process of preparing feed mixtures to the producer of livestock and poultry products. At the same time, the disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of automated accounting of the type of functions of loss of productivity of animals and poultry when the fractional content of the feed in the feed mixture deviates from its economically best value. Moreover, in case of deviation both upwards (excess of specific feed) and downward (lack of certain feed). Another drawback of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of making an economical feed ration and limited feeding of the livestock at the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight.

The objective of the invention is the automated control of the technological processes of compiling a feed mixture according to various technical and economic optimization criteria and the formation of feed mixtures close to the optimal feed mixture by the value of a uniform performance indicator, but with other feed sets available in the process of preparing feed mixtures to the animal and poultry producer. Another objective of the invention is the formation of the form of the functions of the loss of productivity of animals and poultry when the proportion of the feed content in the feed mixture deviates from its economically best value and automated economical control of technological processes for the preparation of an economical ration of the feed mixture in the final stage of growing animals and birds, when most of the feed mixture is not fed increase in live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, increasing the accuracy of the task and, accordingly, enno control accuracy doses of feed of the feed mixture in the preparation is close to the best cost in the preparation of feed rations close to economically best fodder mixtures for livestock and poultry. Thus, the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of a similar purpose, namely, to compose a feed ration and prepare a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

As a result of the use of the invention, it is possible to control the technological process of preparing an economical feed ration for achieving the highest technical and economic efficiency of this process according to one or another economic optimization criterion in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation taking shape at an agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.), the formation of recipes of feed mixtures close to the optimal feed mixture in terms of a uniform efficiency indicator, but with other sets of feeds available in the process of preparing feed mixtures to the producer of livestock and poultry products, automated formation of the type of functions of loss of animal and poultry productivity when the proportion of feed content in the feed mixture deviates from the economically best its values, which allows us to take into account the influence of a particular feeding ration on the resultant, current in time, usually a day higher productivity of animals and birds, and this is also ensured in the final stage of raising animals and birds, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight. Also achieved is a significant increase in the accuracy of the task and, accordingly, the accuracy of dose adjustment of the feed mixture when compiling a feed ration close to the economically best when preparing a feed mixture close to the economically best. Thus, the technical result, in turn, lies in the implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for compiling, according to various optimization criteria, a feed ration that is close to the best economy and preparation of a feed mixture close to the best economy for the programmable growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity loss, contains a real-age live signal generator, an intermediate control signal generator block , unit of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverters the inputs of the feed dose signal signal comparison circuit block, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the feed dose signal input signal generator unit is connected, and the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit block outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal generator, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at m the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, the simulator of a simulated feed dose signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the live signal of the livestock of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, signal calculator economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages and growing, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to a mode of calculating the minimum gain of live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a signal generator of a value permissible reduction of the criterion, the block of the signal generators of the coefficients of the graphs of the loss functions, while the output of the simulator of the simulated livestock age signal by it is connected to the inputs of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the master of the simulated feed dose signal with the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the inputs of the calculator of the signal live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial growing stages, the output of the simulated feed dose signal signal generator at a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation, the outputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of growing and the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the final growing stage are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the comparison circuit signals of live weight of the livestock in the initial and final stages of cultivation, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, to the third input of which the output of the signal setter is connected through the driver of the signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switch to the mode for calculating the minimum increase in live weight the real age of the livestock, the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively The output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, and the corresponding inputs of the unit of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the block of adjuster units of intermediate control signals is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the calculator signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet ion in the final stage of growing, the first output of the block of control signal generators or the interface of the Decision-maker is connected via a signal generator of the form of optimization criterion to the connection of the third inputs of the signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and the signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision maker through the signal setpoint is valid To reduce the criterion, it is connected to the fourth input of the economically optimal diet signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal diet signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the corresponding third output of the block of control signal conditioners or the decision maker’s interface through the block of signal generators of coefficients of graphs of loss function graphs connected to the corresponding connection of the corresponding fifth inputs of the signal calculator economically optim diet in the initial stage of cultivation; and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation.

In FIG. 1 ... FIG. 13 shows illustrations of the principle of operation and construction of the device. In FIG. 1 gives a choice of optimization criterion. In FIG. 2 shows the result of calculating the feed mixture ration. In FIG. 3 shows the task of the value of the permissible deviation from the optimum. In FIG. Figure 4 shows a family of feed mixtures close to optimal in balance obtained in one of the generation sessions. In FIG. 5 presents the balance and loss diagrams for option No. 2 feed mixtures. In FIG. 6 shows the economic indicators of feed mixtures (option number 2). In FIG. 7 shows the structure of the price of feed mixture by its components (option No. 2). In FIG. 8 shows the distribution of potential profits by costs and profits due to the use of feed mixtures (option No. 2). In FIG. Figure 9 shows examples of livestock productivity loss functions. In FIG. 10 shows a dialog box for correction of loss functions. In FIG. 11 illustrates the loss of productivity of animals and birds caused by a deviation from the norm of the content of the nutrition component in the diet [see Lukyanov P.B. Decision support system for optimizing the operational management of the economy of livestock production. Abstract. Thesis ... Doct. Economics, Sciences. - M.: RGAU-TSHA, 2011. - 46 s]. In FIG. 12 illustrates the operation of the control optimization algorithm for fattening animals.

In FIG. 13 shows a functional diagram of a device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration close to the economically best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best with the programmed growth of animals and poultry taking into account the functions of their productivity loss: 1 - live signal generator of the livestock population, 2 - intermediate control unit control signals, 3 - a block of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, 4 - a block of circuits for comparing signal doses of feed, 5 - a block of signal setters p total doses of feed, 6 - a block of feed dispensers, 7 - a mixer, 8 - an economically optimal feed mixture, 9 - a dial of a simulated signal of a livestock age, 10 - a dial of a simulated signal of a dose of feed mix at a maximum increase in live weight of a livestock, 11 - a dial of a simulated signal of a feed mixture dose at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, 12 - the signal processor of the live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of growing, 13 - the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, 14 - the signal signal calculator the livestock mass at the final stage of cultivation, 15 - a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, 16 - a circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of cultivation, 17 - a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, 18 is a block of controlled keys, 19 is a circuit for matching signals, 20 is a block of drivers of control signals (interface of the Decision Maker), 21 is set a signal chip of the form of an optimization criterion, 22 is a signal adjuster of the value of the allowable criterion decrease, 23 is a signal adjuster block of the loss function graph coefficients coefficients.

The operation of the device is as follows. The next day the diet optimization calculating unit operates under the feed mix optimization program for animals and poultry and, as a rule, issues one feed mix recipe - optimal, with a fixed set of feeds. At the same time, in real production conditions, situations may arise when, from an economic point of view, it is permissible to depart somewhat from the optimal solution in order to use a different set of feeds. In the computer program of the computing unit for ration optimization on the next day of the device, for example, in the well-known computer program “CORALL - Feeding”, the solution to this problem is automated and is performed as follows. After calculating the optimal feed mixture recipe, the permissible decrease in the optimality indicator for feed mixtures differing in the set of feeds from the optimal feed mixture is set. The work program of the diet ration optimization computing unit on the next day of the device by the method generates feed mix recipes with objective function values that are within predetermined limits, and subsequently groups them for viewing and preliminary analysis. Selected recipes are recorded and stored for later detailed analysis. Thus, a family of feed mixtures close to optimal is automatically generated, from which feed mixtures that most fully meet the requirements of the current economic situation can be selected. Thus, the feed mixture optimization procedure is supplemented by informal specialist knowledge, which improves the quality of production management. In similar programs of the diet ration optimization computing unit on the next day of the device, by the method, for example, the CORAL-Feeding program, the search for recipes of a family of feed mixtures close to optimal starts with the choice of feed and optimization criterion (Fig. 1). The calculation is started by clicking on the button of the selected optimization criterion.

Ensuring the effectiveness of poultry farming requires managers and specialists of poultry organizations to make cost-effective management decisions based on accurate calculations and reliable forecasts based on the use of modern mathematical methods. At the same time, a significant part of agricultural knowledge is expressed in verbal, descriptive form, and production management is often carried out on the basis of informal knowledge of specialists and their intuition. The formalization of the knowledge of scientists and specialists in the poultry industry helps to increase the efficiency of production management and allows you to create an automated system for managing the technology for compiling the economically best rations for feeding animals and birds.

In this case, the computing unit of the automation system can be represented by programmable technical means, for example, a microcontroller, microprocessor, or actually a computer with the corresponding software. It generally operates according to the accepted algorithm, i.e. can be completely replaced by a device with strict logic of work in each specific case of the development of process control events. For example, in the same computer program “CORALL - Feeding”, which is quite widespread at agricultural enterprises, when optimizing feed mixtures, in contrast to the traditional approach, not only the cost of feed is minimized, but also the losses caused by an imbalance of diets — reduced productivity and poor bird health.

Modern science does not provide an unambiguous systematic description of the dependencies of the decline in productivity and quality of poultry (including reproduction rates) from unbalanced feeding. Only scattered data on the results of individual studies are known, which often differ significantly among themselves. At the same time, in the practice of balancing rations, it is important to know not only the norms of feeding, but also the losses arising from deviations from the norms of individual nutrition components and normalized ratios, since in real production conditions it is often not possible to achieve a complete balance of rations. In this case, there is a need to choose the "best" feed mixture from a number of unbalanced ones. To optimize feed mixtures, taking into account the effect of imbalance in poultry nutrition on production indicators, a mathematical description of the dependencies of reducing feeding efficiency on the imbalance of each element characterizing the nutritional value of the diet is necessary. In the computer program “CORALL - Feeding” indicated for the example, a procedure for formalizing and refining the dependencies under consideration for each normalized component and ratio based on experimental data, knowledge and intuition of specialists is implemented, which consists in the following:

1. Dependences of decreased productivity, health and reproduction rates of birds, due to deviations from the norm in the diet of nutrition components and ratios, are defined as functions of losses in productivity, animal value and reproduction.

2. Based on the nature of the occurrence of losses, the following requirements are formulated for the type of loss functions:

- continuity;

- non-negativity;

- monotony: the left branch of the dependence on the optimal norm is non-increasing, the right branch is non-decreasing;

- nonlinearity (in the general case);

- the absence of losses when the value of the power component or the ratio is normal;

- the possibility of the existence in the vicinity of the norm of the dead band (no loss due to deviations of the value of the nutrition component or the ratio from the norm).

Examples of kinds of loss functions are given in FIG. 9.

3. A general mathematical description of the loss functions has been developed that satisfies the formulated requirements.

4. Based on published data, expert estimates, and a general mathematical description of loss functions, particular equations have been developed for estimating losses in productivity, poultry value, and reproduction for all normalized nutrition components and ratios differentially by species and groups of birds.

5. To clarify the found dependencies according to new data from zootechnical science and expert evaluations of specialists, software has been developed that allows the user of the CORAL - Feeding Poultry program to make the necessary corrections graphically in the dialogue mode.

The system of formalizing the knowledge of specialists about the loss functions is a means of graphically displaying and adjusting these dependencies on a computer screen and a computer program that automatically translates the created graphs into formula entries. To display knowledge on this issue, the Specialist is provided with “drawing” means on the monitor screen of dependencies similar to those shown in FIG. 9. “Drawing” of graphs is performed in the dialogue mode by setting values to six coefficients:

- “Dead zone”, “Slope” and “Non-linearity” for the “Less than normal” zone - using these coefficients a specific view of the left branch of the loss function is set;

- “Dead zone”, “Slope” and “Non-linearity” for the “More than normal” zone - using these coefficients, a specific view of the right branch of the loss function is specified.

A dialog box in which coefficient values are set is shown in FIG. 10 (assignment of loss functions by productivity and poultry value for the Calcium nutrition component). The coefficients “Dead zone” sets the zone on the axis “Deviation from the Norm”, when the values of the feed mixture component are found, there are no losses. The “Slope” coefficients determine the proportionality between deviations of the feed mixture component from the norm and losses resulting from this. Coefficients "Nonlinearity" sets the nonlinearity of the loss function. The “Recommended” fields of the dialog box show the preset values, which you can always return to using the “Copy recommended values to set” screen button. A graphic image of the loss function can be seen by clicking on the “Graph” button. Based on a quantitative account of the influence of diet imbalance on feeding efficiency, the following indicators are calculated in the CORAL-Feeding program:

- general balance of feed mixtures;

- profit provided by a kilogram of feed mixture;

- the profitability of the feed mixture,

as well as a number of other technical and economic indicators.

New indicators are used to optimize feed mixtures. The fodder mixture is recognized as the best in balance, when feeding which the sum of losses arising due to deviation of nutrition components and ratios from the norm will be the smallest. The feed mixture will be optimal in profit, the use of which will ensure maximum profit from the operation of the bird in these conditions of maintenance and service. Obviously, under conditions of a limited set of feeds with different loss functions, the optimal feed mixtures will also be different. The more accurately loss functions are described, the more reliable are the optimization results. Optimization of feed mixtures without taking into account losses caused by deviations from the norm of nutrition components and normalized ratios finds instead of optimal feed mixtures (in the sense of ensuring efficient production) pseudo-optimal ones, leading to the adoption of erroneous managerial decisions on feeding poultry and forming the forage base of the enterprise. The main distinguishing feature of the technique is that it first takes into account losses in productivity, reproduction and animal values caused by deviations in the nutritional value of the diet from the norms of feeding.

Losses in productivity (or lost profits) are understood as the cost of products not received due to unbalanced feeding.

Losses in reproduction reflect a decrease in quality or loss of offspring, lengthening of the reproduction cycle caused by inferiority of feeding.

Losses of animal value are expressed by the following factors: irreversible loss of productive and breeding qualities; the occurrence of diseases caused by improper feeding; shortened life.

In reality, the dependence of each type of loss caused by the deviation of the content of the nutrition component (KP) in the diet from the norm is expressed by the curve of the type shown in FIG. 11. When the content of the nutrition component in the diet is equal to the norm, there are no losses (point ΚΠ _n ). If the content of the nutrition component in the diet deviates from the norm, there are losses that increase monotonically as the imbalance increases. In the traditional solution of the ration optimization problem, this dependence of losses on imbalance is not monitored. Instead, an interval of permissible values from KP _min to KP _max is set for each power component. Thus, it is assumed that at this interval all the values of the power component are equally valid, and beyond the boundaries of the interval are absolutely unacceptable. Translation of this formal condition into a semantic interpretation means: “in the interval [KP _min , KP _max ], losses due to deviation of the nutrition component from the norm (KP _n ) do not occur, and beyond the boundaries of the interval they immediately increase to infinity”, which contradicts the real nature losses. From the standpoint of economic ration optimization, the introduction of an interval of allowable values of the nutrition component predetermines the errors displayed in FIG. 11 shaded areas.

This is the formalization of the knowledge of specialists when they set the form of the functions of the loss of productivity of animals and birds. Thus, an approach to formalizing estimates by scientists and specialists of the effect of an imbalance of diets for each standardized component and the ratio on the productivity and health of poultry, on reproduction rates is carried out. For the proper development of young farm animals and / or obtaining high-quality livestock products, it is necessary to observe a certain pattern of growth in the mass of animals. The optimal dynamics of the increase in mass of animals is determined by modeling the physiological processes of growth or by conducting field experiments [1. Dudin V.I., Cherepanov G.G., Kuznetsov S.G., Manukhina A.I. Experimental testing of a systematic model of pig growth // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 2. Kutsenko A.I. Mathematical modeling and optimization of production parameters in complexes for fattening cattle // The dissertation on competition. student degrees of cand. ek. sciences. - M., 2007. 3. Tyupaev I.M., Cherepanov G.G. The growth dynamics of gobies at different levels of nutrition // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 4. Cherepanov G.G. Systemic morphophysiological theory of animal growth. - Borovsk, 1994. 5. Cherepanov G.G., Agafonov V.I. The rationale for the optimal growth rate and the most appropriate slaughter time for growing and fattening cattle // Zootechny, No. 3, 1994. 6. Shlyakhtunov VI, Plyashchenko AI Improving the quality of beef. - Minsk, 1986.].

The main regulator of growth is the daily diet. In this case, the task of ration optimization is formulated as follows: "To compose a diet that provides a given increase in the mass of animals at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." The economic efficiency of feed use is expressed by profit or profitability provided by the diet. With this statement of the problem, the methodology for ration optimization when programming the increase in the mass of animals can have two options - “one-step” and “multi-step”.

The first option is “one-step”. Optimization of the diet to obtain a given increase in the mass of animals according to the 1st option is focused on separate optimization of the diets according to the growth specified for each step of weight gain. In this case, the initial data for the calculation are the characteristics of the animal averaged over the “step” and the specified daily weight gain. In this case, optimization is performed according to the method of planning rations for individual dosed feeding of animals [Lukyanov BV, Lukyanov PB New information technology for optimizing diets for farm animals (Computer programs "CORAL"): Training manual - M .: Publishing house of the Russian State Autonomous Administration-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2009.] using one of the criteria:

- maximum profit for a given productivity;

- maximum profitability for a given productivity;

- the minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity.

The second option is multi-step. In the absence of a requirement to provide a given incremental weight gain as an alternative to the first option, the following statement of the problem can serve: "To compose a series of diets that provide the required increase in animal mass for a given period of time at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." With this formulation, the ration optimization problem falls into the class of optimal control problems and is formulated as follows in the framework of the optimal control theory: “It is required to find such a feeding dynamics (control path) that the mass of the animal grows from the initial value m ₀ corresponding to time t ₀ , "to the required value m ₁ corresponding to a given point in time t ₁ with a minimum cost of feed." Thus, the control object is an animal, the state of which is characterized by two phase variables: “mass” and “daily weight gain”. The control vector is the daily ration. For the quality functional, the cost of feed consumed per animal for the period of fattening is taken. Time changes discretely; the time quantum adopted in animal husbandry and poultry farming is one day. After reducing the problem to the standard form of problems in the theory of optimal control, the conditions of the problem are described as follows. The phase vector of the object is two-dimensional:

where x ¹ is the mass of the animal; x ² - daily weight gain.

The control is set by the feed diet vector:

where u ^k (t) is the mass of the k-th feed in the diet of the t-th day of fattening; m is the amount of feed ration.

The quality functional is described by the expression:

where J (u (t), x (t)) is the quality functional; C _race - the cost of the diet on the j-th day of fattening; j∈ [t ₀ , t ₁ ].

The problem is solved in the following sequence.

1. Estimated controllability of the object, ie the ability to perform the required fattening in a given period of time by the available feeds is checked. To assess the controllability of the object, a series of ration calculations is performed according to the criterion of “maximum productivity” for the fattening period with a discreteness of one day. If at the end of the period the required mass of the animal is not achieved, then it is concluded that the object is uncontrollable, and the initial data of the problem should be reviewed. If the required mass of the animal has been reached, it is concluded that the object is controllable. In this case, the control u ⁰ (t) and the trajectory x ⁰ (t) are remembered and the solution of the problem continues.

2. The optimal control path and the corresponding phase path of the object are determined. When growing and fattening animals when moving from t ₀ to t _1, payment for feed is reduced, since the mass of animals is growing and, accordingly, the proportion of the diet that goes to maintain their life increases. Therefore, in order to minimize feed consumption, weight gain at the end of the period should be made minimally acceptable from the point of view of preserving the health of animals and observing the technological conditions for their growth. Therefore, at this step of solving the problem to determine the optimal control path, a "reverse" calculation of the change in the mass of the animal is performed, when moving from t ₁ to t ₀ , according to the criterion of "minimum cost for a given productivity."

In FIG. 12 illustrates the sequence of solving the problem through the change in time of the mass of the animal (x ¹ (t)). Curve x ⁰¹ (t) represents the first step of the solution - an assessment of controllability. The curve x ¹ (t) corresponds to optimal control; the arrow indicates the direction of the sequence of calculations in determining the optimal control path. Calculation of rations according to the minimum increase begins at time t ₁ (point C) and continues until it intersects with the curve x ⁰¹ (t) (point B). On the VA plot, rations are calculated according to the maximum increase. The found rations determine the optimal control for fattening an animal with an initial mass x ¹ (t ₀ ) to the required mass x ¹ (t ₁ ) with a minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing diets for programmed animal growth can be performed, including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding of livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding of pigs” [www.korall-agro.ru, E-mail: ration@mail.ru].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration that is close to the economically best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best with the programmable growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity losses, contains a live signal generator 1, a block of intermediate control signals 2, a signal set economically optimal doses of feed 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the block diagram circuits comparison feed doses 4, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the doses of feed doses 5 are connected, and the outputs of the unit for comparing the signals of doses of feed 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit for feed dosers 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed (the storage of this feed mixture 1 is conventionally shown), while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated dose dose signal are introduced into the device mixtures with a maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10, a master of a simulated signal of a dose of feed mixture with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11, a calculator of a signal of live weight of a livestock in the initial stage of growing 12, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, a calculator of a signal of live weight of livestock in the final stage of cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation 15, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock at the beginning at the final and final stage of cultivation 16, a signal shaper for disabling the mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight 17, a block of controlled keys 18, a circuit for matching signals 19, a block of formers of control signals (interface of the Decision Maker) 20 , a signal adjuster of the form of an optimization criterion 21, a signal adjuster of a value of an allowable decrease in criterion 22, a signal adjuster block of loss function graph coefficients 23, while the simulator output is simulated of the live signal of livestock 9 is connected to the inputs of the simulated feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 and the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose at the minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 and to the first input of the signal matching circuit 19, the output of the simulated feed mix dose signal at the maximum the increase in live weight of livestock 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer of the signal of live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of growing 12 and the computer of signals of economic of the optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the output of the simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight calculator of the livestock in the final stage of growing 14 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final growing stage 15, outputs the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the initial growing stage 12 and the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the final growing stage 14 are connected to Accordingly, to the first and second inputs of the livestock live weight signal comparison circuit at the initial and final stages of rearing 16, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit through the signal shaper of the shutdown mode for calculating the maximum live weight gain and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum live weight gain 17 19, to the third input of which the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of livestock 1 is connected, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the block of managed keys 18, the first and second the th input and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation 13, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation 15 and to the corresponding inputs of the unit of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses 3, while the output of the block setters of intermediate control signals 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage growing 13 and a signal processor of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing 15, the first output of a block of control signal conditioners (Decision maker's interface) 20 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the initial stage of growing 13 and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the second output of the block of control signal conditioners (interface Decision maker) 20 through the signal adjuster, the values of the allowable decrease in criterion 22 are connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial growing stage 13 and the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final growing stage 15, the corresponding third output of the control signal conditioner block (interface Decision maker) 20 is connected to the corresponding connection through the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the graphs of the loss function graphs 23 the corresponding fifth inputs of the transmitter of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and the transmitter of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15.

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration that is close to the economically best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best with the programmable growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity loss, performs well-known actions: setting the feed consumption dose depending on the type and age of the population, calculating the cost the cost of spent feed depending on a given dose of feed mixture consumption, calculation of the estimated cost of production of a given batch of animals whether the birds, depending on the age of the livestock, measuring and setting the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, comparing the measured and set values, adjusting the dosage of each feed from a set of feed mixtures according to the comparison result, the cost of each feed consumed from a set of feed mixtures is calculated depending on the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, generate signals of dose rates of feed from a set of feeds in feed mixtures, change the generated signals of h the feed consumption from the set of feeds in the feed mixture in the range from zero to the technologically permissible maximum value or to the achievable resource value of the dose rate of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture at the enterprise, depending on the value of the variable signal of the generated value of the feed consumption dose from the set the feed mixture in the feed mixture calculate the total cost of the dose of the feed mixture, upon receipt of the signal corresponding to the highest increase in profit, the generated value of the dose of the feed mixture the generated signals of the values of the doses of feed consumption from the feed set in the feed mixture are remembered for the time the signal of the generated value of the feed mixture consumption dose changes in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum set values, the measured value of the dose rate of feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is compared with the stored value comparisons adjust the dosage regimen of the feed ingredient from the feed set in the feed mixture.

The device also performs new actions: they calculate the estimated cost of production for a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the type of livestock, and additionally generate signals of the following diet efficiency indicators:

- a signal of profit provided by the diet, according to quantitative dependence

PR = C ^B _{cont rac} -C -P _disb (rub.);

- a signal of the level of profitability of the diet

Ρ = ((C ^B _prod- P _disb- C _rac ) / C _rac ) × 100, (%);

- a signal of a balanced diet

SB = (1-P _disb / _SB ^B _prod ) × 100, (%),

where PR is the signal of profit provided by the diet; With ^B _prod - a signal of the cost of production that can be obtained from the animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - a signal of losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - a signal of the cost of the diet,

- also additionally correct the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, upon receipt of the corresponding highest value of the profit signal provided by the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the ration of the ration of the diet, or the highest value of the balance signal of the diet - the signal of the generated dose rate of the feed mixture - the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture are stored for the time the signal is generated the dose rate of the feed mixture consumption in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values, and according to the comparison result, the dosage regimen of the feed from the set of feeds in the feed mixture is additionally adjusted, while the signal of the value of the allowable decrease in the criterion is set, when the value of the allowable decrease in the criterion is received the signal of the generated value of the dose rate of the feed mixture remember the generated signals of the values of the doses of feed consumption from the set of feeds to the feed mixtures for the time the signal of the formed dose rate of the feed mixture changes in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values, while the signals of the coefficients of the graphs of the functions of the loss of productivity of animals and birds are set depending on the shortage or excess of feed in the feed mixture, form the function graphs losses and in accordance with them additionally generate signals of values of indicators of the effectiveness of the diet, while setting a simulated signal of the age of the animal or eggs, set the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the animal or bird, depending on which they form the signal of live weight of the animal or bird in the initial stage of cultivation and form a signal close to the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, set the simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture at the minimum increase in live weight of the animal or bird, depending on which the signal of the live weight of the animal or bird in the final stage of cultivation is determined and a signal bl a diet that is sensitive to the economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the signals of live weight of an animal or bird are compared in the initial and final stages of growing and, depending on the comparison result, a signal is generated to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switch to the mode for calculating the minimum increase in live weight, set signal of the real age of the animal or bird, when the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird coincides, the signal of the real age of the bird and the generated open signal The regime for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight allow the choice for further control of the preparation of a feed that is close to the economically best and preparation of a feed close to the economically best with the programmed growth of animals and poultry of one of the two generated signals of the economically optimal diet at the initial or final stage of growth, depending on one of these two generated signals, a signal is set feeds close to economically optimal feed doses, give signals of real feed doses, compare the given signals of close to economically optimal feed doses with the corresponding given signals of real feed doses, and, as a result of the comparison, feed the dosing for their subsequent mixing into the feed mixture, then correct the mixing of feed doses and get close to an economically optimal feed mixture with programmed growth of animals and birds.

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration close to the best economy and preparation of a feed mixture close to the best economy with programmed growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity loss (Fig. 13), works as follows. For example, consider the case of broiler poultry farming. In the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a signal is periodically changed from its lowest value to its highest value, corresponding to the range of bird ages from one day to 35 days of the usual term for growing modern broiler crosses. This is done to determine, in accordance with the program of growing birds in the entire range of its ages, the following values. These are the values of the daily feed dose when controlling the diet at the initial stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of 10. The values of the daily feed dose when controlling the composition of the diet in the final stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture at a minimum increase live weight of the livestock 11. In accordance with the obtained values of the daily doses of feed mixtures, the values of the signals of live ma sy birds in the initial and final stages of cultivation, such as two mathematical models known in the productivity of broilers technological experiments to refine the broiler growth. These functions are performed by a poultry live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a poultry live weight signal calculator in the final stage of rearing 14. Also, in accordance with these values of daily doses of the feed mixture, when managing the diet in the initial and final stages of rearing, the ration of the optimal feed mixture is calculated. This is done by means of a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and by means of a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15. A comparison of the two values of calculated productivity obtained at the same time occurs in the comparison of signals of live weight of the livestock in the initial and in the final stage of growing 16. At the output of this comparison circuit, a signal appears that is converted into a shaper of the signal off the calculation mode I have the maximum gain in live weight and switch to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight 17. The resulting converted signal is fed to the first control input of the signal matching circuit 19 and indicates that at this point in time of computer simulation of the process of compiling economically optimal rations, it is possible to switch to the restriction mode feeding the bird. The second control input of the signal matching circuit 19 also provides the output signal of the master of the simulated livestock age signal 9, with a time period of its formation in this master. The frequency of formation of this simulation signal can be high enough so that the operator can timely and quickly enough evaluate the electronically simulated process of forming programmed productive growth of the bird and timely make its control corrections. The signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 sets the stroke time of the real production process. Its output signal is supplied to the third control input of the signal matching circuit 19 for practical comparison of the real-time course of the feeding process and the real growth of broilers with the course of the time-simulated process of programmed bird growth. The more accurately the operator-practitioner chooses the coefficients of the loss functions by means of a technical solution in the form of an appropriate master, the more accurately the transition from feeding broilers to their limited feeding is performed in real time. At the time of the simultaneous appearance of a signal matching circuit 19 at all three control inputs, it generates its own output control signal for the block of controlled keys 18. This block is triggered, and the device provides further passage of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry rearing. As a result, the passage through this block of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of broiler growing is stopped, and the passage through it of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry production begins. At this point in time, there is an automated transition from the regime of unlimited feeding of broilers, from the regime of feeding them ad libitum, to the regime of limited feeding of poultry. Starting from this point in time, the excessive overspending of the feed mixture with an economically optimal composition stops.

In FIG. 13 shows the relationship of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through a signal encoder of the form of optimization criterion 21. This fact provides economically optimal control over the compilation of the ration according to various optimization criteria. Also in FIG. 13 shows the connection of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through the signal adjuster of the value of the allowable decrease in criterion 22. This fact provides close to economically optimal control compiling a feed mixture ration and at the same time efficient use of cash at the feed enterprise. Moreover, in FIG. 13 shows the relationship of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision-maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the graphs of the loss function 23. This fact ensures that the loss of livestock productivity is taken into account with a deficiency and an excess of any feed in the feed mixture.

The structure and functions of the device have changed significantly and make it possible, according to various optimization criteria, to achieve almost optimal compilation of the diet of poultry feeding under severe restrictions on the sets and quantities of resource feed at the enterprise, taking into account the functions of loss of productivity of animals and birds. The operation of the automation device when setting ranges for reducing the maximum values of the objective functions of the effectiveness of compiling feed mixtures consists mainly in using, for example, a programmable controller that simulates feed mixtures as a control computing unit, in accordance with the figures given in the description (Fig. 1, ... Fig. 12). In this case, a feed mixture is obtained that is close to economically optimal, and such a feed mixture is made up in conditions of a deficit in the required feed or an overabundance of feed of one kind or another that must be intensively consumed. The feed mixture is essentially not much less efficient economically, and the feed resources at the enterprise are used in the best way. Such results are provided by technical solutions of the data of the method and device.

In the automated mode, a feed ration is prepared according to various optimization criteria and a feed ration close to the economically best is prepared with programmed growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity loss. The accuracy of the task and, accordingly, the accuracy of regulating the doses of the feed mixture are significantly increased when preparing a feed ration close to the economically best when preparing a feed mixture close to the economically best. The arsenal of technical equipment of a similar purpose is expanding, namely for compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry. Implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry is carried out.

Claims (1)

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration that is close to the best economy and preparation of a feed mixture close to the best economy for the programmable growth of animals and poultry, taking into account the functions of their productivity loss, containing a signal generator for the real age of the livestock, a block of intermediate control signals, a set of signal adjusters economically optimal doses of feed, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the block diagram circuits comparison feed doses, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the unit for signaling the real doses of feeds are connected, and the outputs of the unit for comparing the signals of dose doses are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit for feed dispensers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed ( in the repository of this feed mixture), characterized in that a device of a simulated signal of the livestock age, a controller of a simulated signal of a dose of feed mixture at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, the simulator of a simulated feed dose signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the live signal of the livestock of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final hundred cultivation AI, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to a mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion, a signal generator of a value allowable reduction of the criterion, the block of signal generators of the coefficients of the graphs of loss functions, while the output of the simulator of the simulated livestock age signal connected to the inputs of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the master of the simulated feed dose signal with the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the inputs of the calculator of the signal live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial growing stage, the output of the simulated feed dose signal generator with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final growing stage and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the final growing stage, the outputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial growing stage and the live weight signal calculator of the livestock at the final stage of growing are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the CPA circuit signals of live weight of the livestock in the initial and final stages of growing, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, to the third input of which the output of the signal setter is connected through the driver of the signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switch to the mode for calculating the minimum increase in live weight the real age of the livestock, the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected Respectively, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the signal generator of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation, and to the corresponding inputs of the signal generator block of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the signal generator block of intermediate control signals is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the calculator signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the first output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker is connected through a signal generator of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the third inputs of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growth and the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker through the signal adjuster To reduce the criterion, it is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the corresponding third output of the block of control signal conditioners or the Decision Maker’s interface through the block of signal generators of coefficients of graphs of loss function graphs connected to the corresponding connection of the corresponding fifth inputs of the signal calculator economically opt cial ration in the initial stage of cultivation and calculating signals economically optimum ration at a final growing stage.

Images