RU2553878C2 - Device of formulation on different optimisation criteria of close to economically best feed ration and making close to economically best feed mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry in presence of information on consumption of feed mixture by them and on their live weight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, to technologies of formulation of feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in the fields of industrial animal husbandry and poultry husbandry. The device comprises a setting device of signal of real age of livestock population 1, a unit of setting devices of intermediate control signals 2, a unit of setting devices of signals of the economically optimal doses of feed 3. The outputs of the unit 3 are connected to the first non-inverting inputs of the comparison circuits unit of feed dose signals 4. The second inverting inputs of the unit 4 are connected to the outputs of the unit of setting devices of signals of real feed doses 5. The outputs of the unit 4 are connected to the inputs of the unit of feed dispensers 6. The outputs of the unit 6 are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at which output the economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed. The outputs of the unit 3 are connected to the first non-inverting inputs of the comparison circuits unit of feed dose signals 4. The second inverting inputs of the unit 4 are connected to the outputs of the unit of setting devices of signals of real feed doses 5. The outputs of the unit 4 are connected to the inputs of the unit of feed dispensers 6. The outputs of the unit 6 are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at which output the economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed. The device comprises the setting device of the simulated signal of livestock population age 9, the setting device of the simulated signal of feed mixture dose with a maximum weight gain of livestock population 11, the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the initial stage of growing 12, the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the initial stage of growing 13, the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the final stage of growing 14, the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the final stage of growing 15, the comparison circuit of signals of live weight of livestock population in the initial and final stage of growing 16, the signal conditioner of switching off the mode of calculation of maximum weight gain and transmitting to the mode of calculation of the minimum weight gain 17, the unit of controlled keys 18, the signal coincidence circuit 19, the unit of generators of control signals or interface of decision-maker 20, the setting device of signal of type of optimisation criterion 21, the measuring unit of signal of rate of feed mixture 22, the setting device of signal of the calculated dose of feed mixture 23, the measuring unit of signal of live weight of animal or poultry 24, the unit of setting devices of signals of coefficients of functions of estimated productivity loss of animal or poultry 25, the setting device of signal of value of allowable reduction of criterion 26. The output of the setting device of signal 9 is connected to the inputs of the setting devices of signals 10, 11 and to the first input of the circuit 19. The output of the setting device of signal 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer units of signals 12 and 13. The output of the setting device of signal 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer units of signals 14 and 15. The outputs of the computer units of signals 12 and 14 are connected to first and second inputs of the circuit 16. The output of the circuit 16 through the signal conditioner 17 is connected to the second input of the circuit 19. The third input of the circuit 19 is connected to the output of the setting device of signal 1. The output of the circuit 19 is connected to the control input of the unit 18. The first and the second inputs and outputs of the unit 18 are connected respectively to the output of the computer units of signals 13 and 15, and to the inputs of unit 3. The output of the unit 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the computer units of signals 13 and 15. The first output of the unit 20 through the setting device of signal 23 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the computer units of signals 13 and 15. The second output of the unit 20 through the setting device of signal 21 is connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the computer units of signals 13 and 15. The third output of the unit 20 through the unit 25 is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the computer units of signals 13 and 15. The first, second and the third inputs of the unit 20 are connected to the outputs of the measuring unit of signal 22, the measuring unit of signal 24 and the setting device of signal 26.

EFFECT: increase in the accuracy of determining the dose of feed in the feed mixture and its consumption in the formulation of the feed ration and the preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry is provided.

13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to the technology of making feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in industries of livestock and poultry.

A device for preparing an economical feed ration and economical feeding of animals and poultry is known, which ensures the determination of the economically best diet and the best daily dose of the feed mixture (feed mixture) (in this prototype it is indicated “feed”, in the sense of feed mixture), obtaining the highest value of the accepted for managing the economic criterion (sign, indicator) of profit growth from technological processes of preparing feed mixtures and feeding livestock (RF Patent 2462864. Device for compiling th feed ration and cost of feeding livestock and poultry / Dubrovin AV et al. // BI, №28, 2012).

As a result of the use of this invention (prototype), such quantitative values of the feed components are established (in this prototype it is indicated “feed ingredients”) in the dose of the feed mixture and the dose of feed mixture itself, at which the highest profit growth at the given time from the action of the most expensive technological feed preparation and feeding of animals and birds.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock according to another technical and economic criterion of optimization in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with the number of animals or poultry etc.). Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of automated formation of feed mixtures recipes that are close to the optimal feed mixtures in terms of a uniform performance indicator, but with other sets of feeds available in the process of preparing feed mixtures to the producer of livestock and poultry products. Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of economical control of technological processes of making an economic ration of feed mixtures and limited feeding of livestock at the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mix is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight . Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of information on the consumption of feed mixtures by animals and poultry and on the live weight of animals and birds. Therefore, it is quite difficult to control with high accuracy the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock without taking into account such information about various optimization criteria, about an acceptable decrease in the value of the optimization criterion in close optimal feed mixtures by the value of this homogeneous efficiency indicator, but with other feed sets, about the consumption of feed mixtures , on the live weight of the livestock to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in skohozyaystvennom enterprise technical-economic situation (resource issues, with the number of animals or birds, etc.). The decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry should immediately lead to an increase in the estimated loss of livestock productivity, which are represented by the calculated loss functions and which can be modified using various coefficients of mathematical models of these functions. Changing the type of loss functions will automatically affect the result of the corresponding recalculation of the economically best diet of the new feed mixture, which prevents the indicated decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry. However, in the absence of information about the live weight of animals and poultry, the technology for compiling a ration and dosing the feed mixture will remain the same, which will lead to a clear overrun of expensive feed in the feed mixture. Therefore, a new technical solution should be able to act if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. The new technical solution should also be able to act simultaneously if there is information about the consumption of feed mixture by animals and poultry and on live weight of animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly expand the functionality of the method and device, which requires the use of information on the consumption of feed mixture about the live weight of animals and birds in the process of drawing up diets.

The objective of the invention is the automated control of technological processes of compiling a feed mixture according to various technical and economic optimization criteria, the automated control of technological processes of compiling a feed mixture close to the best economic ration and the preparation of the feed that is close to the economically best, the automated control of the technological processes of compiling an economic feed mixture at the final stage of cultivation animals and birds when big I part of the feed mixture does not go to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, improving the accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption closest to economically the best feed mixture and live weight of animals and poultry for a corresponding increase in the accuracy of the control of feed preparation processes when there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of rearing The animal and poultry. Thus, the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of a similar purpose, namely, to compose a feed ration and prepare a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

As a result of the use of the invention, it is possible to control the technological process of preparing an economical feed ration for achieving the highest technical and economic efficiency of this process according to one or another economic optimization criterion in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation taking shape at an agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.), and provide This is the automated control of the technological processes of compiling a feed mixture close to the best economy and preparing a feed mixture close to the best economy and in the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large I’ll add up information about the consumption of feed mixture and their live weight in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes. eysya at the agricultural enterprise technical-economic situation, which allows at the same time save the expensive feed. Significantly increases the accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed that is closest to the economically best feed mixture and live weight of animals and poultry in order to increase the accuracy of the control of feed preparation processes if there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of animal and bird rearing . Thus, the technical result, in turn, lies in the implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for compiling, according to various optimization criteria, a feed ration close to the economically best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best when the animals and poultry are programmed, if there is information about their consumption of the feed mixture and their live weight, it contains a real-age live signal generator , a block of controllers of intermediate control signals, a block of controllers of signals of economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit block, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the feed dose signal input signal generator unit is connected, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit block are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, to the output of which is formed an economically optimal feed mixture, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal, a simulated simulator is introduced into the device feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, simulator of the simulated feed dose signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, live weight of the livestock signal at the initial stage of cultivation, calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial growing stage, live weight of the livestock at the final stage cultivation, a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a circuit for comparing signals of live weight of livestock the initial and final stages of growing, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker, a signal generator of the form of an optimization criterion , meter for the signal of the feed mixture consumption, signal generator for the calculated dose of the feed mixture, signal meter for live weight of the animal or bird, block of signal adjusters coefficients of loss functions of the estimated productivity of an animal or bird, a signal generator of a value for an acceptable criterion decrease, while the output of a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of a simulator of a feed mix dose signal with a maximum increase in live weight of a livestock and a master of a simulated feed mix dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of a livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal at maximum increase is alive of the livestock mass is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the simulated feed mixture dose generator with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation and a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, the outputs of the calculator live weight of the livestock signal at the initial stage of cultivation and the livestock mass signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of cultivation, the output of which is through the shaper of the signal to disable the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live mass and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, to the third input of which the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of the livestock, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the final cultivation stages and to the corresponding inputs of the set of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the set of setters is intermediate x control signals are connected to the connection of the second inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the first output of the block of control signal former (decision-maker interface) is connected to the connection through the signal mixer of the calculated dose of the feed mixture the third inputs of the signal calculator economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and signal calculator economical In the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision maker is connected via a signal generator of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growth and the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the final stage cultivation, the third output of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker through the task block of the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet at the initial stage of growing and the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the first, second and third inputs of the block of drivers of control signals or the interface of the Person Accepting solution, connected respectively to the outputs of the meter signal consumption of the feed mixture, the signal meter live weight of the animal or sensor and signal setpoint values of the allowable reduction of the criterion.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by example. In the technical solution of the device during its operation, a new diet model is used, in which instead of strict restrictions on the content of food components in the diet (traditionally used in energy calculations to optimize diets and feed mixtures), more general economic indicators of diets and feed mixtures are introduced. These are profit, profitability level, general balance (estimated by the level of livestock production losses), provided productivity, payment for feed by products, feed conversion, etc. Diet efficiency indicators:

- profit provided by the diet

- the level of profitability of the diet

- balanced diet

- стоимость продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - потери, вызываемые дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - стоимость рациона.where PR is the profit provided by the diet;

- the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - the cost of the diet.

A fully balanced diet is characterized by SB = 100%, and the presence of an imbalance in nutrition components and ratios, leading to losses, reduces this indicator. The introduced indicators allow you to evaluate and compare diets and feed mixtures from different economic positions and provide the ability to use the same rules for their evaluation by different specialists. A new approach to optimizing diets and feed mixtures allows using up to ten optimization criteria that are different in meaning, adjusting the process of feeding animals and poultry in such a way as to achieve maximum production efficiency in various technical, technological, industrial and economic situations.

Economic indicators of the diet

Diet Cost:

where C _rat - the total cost of feed included in the diet (the cost of the diet); C _feed j is the cost of the j-th feed in the diet; C _{feed j} = C _{n j} × x _j for x _j∈ [0, M _plj ]; C _{feed j} = C _pj × M _plj + C _zj × (x _j -M _plj ) for x _j ∈ (M _plj , M _maxj ]; C _pj is the price of the available (“planned”) j-th feed; C _zj - “cash” price of the j-th feed for the case of its purchase; M _PLJ - plan for spending the j-th feed for one goal per day; M _maxj - the maximum allowable content of the j-th feed in the diet. the sum of the purchase price of feed and the overhead costs of the enterprise associated with the purchase.

- стоимость продукции, которая может быть получена от животного или птицы за одни сутки при полностью сбалансированном рационе; П_дисб - общие потери продукции, вызываемые дисбалансом рациона. Прибыль:where SB is the balance of the diet;

- the cost of products that can be obtained from an animal or bird in one day with a completely balanced diet; P _disb - total loss of production caused by an imbalance in the diet. Profit:

where PR is the profit provided by the diet; P _feed - losses arising from a violation of the feed consumption plan. Profitability:

where P is the level of profitability of the diet; P _CJ - loss in value of the animal caused by an imbalance in the diet. Productivity provided by the diet:

where PROD _about - the daily productivity of the animal, provided by the diet; P _prod - losses in animal productivity caused by an imbalance in the diet; C _prod - unit price.

Criteria for optimizing the diet. Maximum profit: P + C _rac → min. Maximum profitability: P → max.

Maximum balance: P-P _feed → min, where P is the total loss from the effect of feed imbalance on livestock productivity P _prod , from the effect of imbalance on livestock reproduction, from the effect of imbalance on livestock health, from the effect of deviations of feed consumption from the feed consumption plan P _feed , i.e. P _feed - economic losses caused by deviations in the expenditure of feed from the plan:

where y _j (a _j ) - losses arising from a violation of the planned expenditure of the j-th feed; a _j = (x _j / x _plj ); x _PLJ - the planned consumption of the j-th feed.

Maximum productivity: P _prod → min - when optimizing the diet by the criterion “maximum productivity”, losses in productivity are minimized. Maximum safety of the animal: П _ЦЖ → min - the criterion “maximum safety of the animal” is expressed through minimization of losses in the value of the animal. Maximum profit with a given balance:

- сбалансированность рациона; СБ - требуемая сбалансированность рациона. «Максимальная прибыль при заданной сбалансированности» обеспечивает достижение максимальной прибыли рациона при сбалансированности не ниже заданной. Максимальная прибыль при стоимости рациона не выше заданной:Where

- balanced diet; SB - the required balance of the diet. “Maximum profit with a given balance” ensures that the maximum profit of the diet is achieved with a balance not lower than a given one. Maximum profit with a ration value not higher than a given:

where C _rat - the cost of the diet; With _{rat ass} - the set value of the diet. “Maximum profit with a ration value not higher than a given” ensures the achievement of a maximum profit margin with a feed cost not higher than a given.

обеспечивает достижение максимальной рентабельности рациона при сбалансированности рациона не ниже заданной. Минимальная стоимость рациона при заданной сбалансированности: С_рац→min при

минимизирует стоимость рациона при сбалансированности рациона не ниже заданной. Минимальная стоимость рациона при продуктивности не ниже заданной: С_рац→min при ПРОД_об≥ПРОД_зад, где ПРОД_зад - заданная продуктивность. «Минимальная стоимость рациона при продуктивности не ниже заданной» минимизирует стоимость рациона при обеспечении продуктивности животного не ниже заданной Пользователем.Maximum balanced diet at a predetermined value: PP _feed → min at C ≤S _{rac rac backside} achieves maximum balanced diet when feed costs are not higher than the predetermined. Maximum profitability with a given balance P → max at

ensures the achievement of maximum profitability of the diet with a balanced diet not lower than the specified. The minimum cost of the diet for a given balance: C _rac → min at

minimizes the cost of the diet with a balanced diet not lower than the specified. The minimum cost of the diet for productivity is not lower than the specified: C _rac → min for PROD _about ≥ProD _ass , where the PROD _ass is the specified productivity. "The minimum cost of the diet with productivity not lower than the set" minimizes the cost of the diet while ensuring the productivity of the animal is not lower than the one set by the User.

The minimum cost of the diet with nutritional restrictions: C _rac → min at (kp _{i min} ≤kp _i ≤kp _{i max} ). Here, kp _i is the content of the ith food component in the diet (I∈ [1, N]); CP _{i min} - the minimum allowable content in the diet of the i-th nutrition component; CP _{i max} - the maximum allowable content in the diet of the i-th nutrition component; N is the number of normalized nutrition components. "The minimum cost of the diet with nutritional restrictions" minimizes the cost of the diet when taking into account the restrictions on the content of dietary components specified by the User.

The maximum profit with productivity not lower than the set: P + C _rac → min with PROD _about ≥ PROD _ass ensures maximum profit of the diet with productivity not lower than the set.

The maximum profit at a given productivity P + C _rac → min at (PROD _ass- Δ) ≤ PROD _about ≤ (PROD _ass + Δ), where Δ is the specified accuracy to ensure the required productivity. "Maximum profit at a given productivity" provides the maximum profit of the diet with productivity corresponding to the given accuracy ± Δ.

The maximum preservation of the animal with productivity not lower than the specified: P _CJ → min with PROD _about ≥Prod _ass ensures maximum safety of the animal with productivity not lower than the specified.

The minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity: C _rac → min at P _prod ≤P _{prod back} provides a minimum cost of the diet for productivity not lower than the specified.

The maximum profitability with productivity not lower than the set: P → max with PROD _about ≥Prod _ass ensures maximum profitability of the diet with productivity not lower than the set.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, ..., FIG. 13. In FIG. 1 gives a choice of optimization criterion. In FIG. 2 shows the result of calculating the feed mixture ration. In FIG. 3 shows the task of the value of the permissible deviation from the optimum. In FIG. Figure 4 shows a family of feed mixtures close to optimal in balance obtained in one of the generation sessions. In FIG. 5 presents the balance and loss diagrams for option No. 2 feed mixtures. In FIG. 6 shows the economic indicators of feed mixtures (option number 2). In FIG. 7 shows the structure of the price of feed mixture by its components (option No. 2). In FIG. 8 shows the distribution of potential profits by costs and profits due to the use of feed mixtures (option No. 2). In FIG. Figure 9 illustrates the operation of the control optimization algorithm for feeding animals and birds. In FIG. 10 shows examples of livestock productivity loss functions. In FIG. 11 shows a dialog box for correction of loss functions. In FIG. 12 illustrates the loss of productivity of animals and birds caused by a deviation from the norm of the content of the nutrition component in the diet [see Lukyanov P.B. Decision support system for optimizing the operational management of the economy of livestock production. Abstract. Diss ... Doct. economy sciences. - M .: RGAU-TSHA, 2011. - 46 p.].

In FIG. 13 shows a functional diagram of a device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration close to the economically best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best with the programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their live weight: 1 - signal generator of the livestock age, 2 - block setters of intermediate control signals, 3 — block of sets of signals for economically optimal feed doses, 4 — block of schemes for comparing signals of doses of feeds, 5 — block of sets of signals for p total doses of feed, 6 - a block of feed dispensers, 7 - a mixer, 8 - an economically optimal feed mixture (the storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), 9 - switch of a simulated signal of livestock age, 10 - switch of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a maximum increase in live weight of a livestock, 11 - the master of the simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, 12 - the calculator of the signal of live mass of the livestock in the initial stage of growing, 13 - the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial growing stages, 14 - live weight signal calculator for the livestock at the final stage of growing, 15 - economically optimal diet signal calculator for the final growing stage, 16 - circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of growing, 17 - calculation mode shutter the maximum gain in live weight and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight, 18 is a block of controlled keys, 19 is a signal matching circuit, 20 is a block of control signal generators (and interface of the Decision-maker), 21 - signal generator of the type of optimization criterion, 22 - meter of the feed mixture signal, 23 - signal meter of the calculated dose of feed mixture, 24 - meter of live or animal weight signal, 25 - block of signal generators of the coefficients of the estimated loss functions animal or bird, 26 - signal adjuster values allowable reduction of the criterion.

For the proper development of young farm animals and / or obtaining high-quality livestock products, it is necessary to observe a certain pattern of growth in the mass of animals. The optimal dynamics of the increase in mass of animals is determined by modeling the physiological processes of growth, or by conducting field experiments [1. Dudin V.I., Cherepanov G.G., Kuznetsov S.G., Manukhina A.I. Experimental testing of a systematic model of pig growth // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 2. Kutsenko A.I. Mathematical modeling and optimization of production parameters in cattle fattening complexes // Diss. for a job. student degrees of cand. economy sciences. - M., 2007. 3. Tyupaev I.M., Cherepanov G.G. The growth dynamics of gobies at different levels of nutrition // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 4. Cherepanov G.G. Systemic morphophysiological theory of animal growth. - Borovsk, 1994. 5. Cherepanov G.G., Agafonov V.I. The rationale for the optimal growth rate and the most appropriate slaughter time for growing and fattening cattle // Zootechny, No. 3, 1994. 6. Shlyakhtunov VI, Plyashchenko AI Improving the quality of beef. - Minsk, 1986].

The main regulator of growth is the daily diet. In this case, the task of ration optimization is formulated as follows: "To compose a diet that provides a given increase in the mass of animals at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." The economic efficiency of feed use is expressed by profit or profitability provided by the diet. With this statement of the problem, the methodology for ration optimization when programming the increase in the mass of animals can have two options - “one-step” and “multi-step”.

The first option is “one-step”. The ration optimization for obtaining a given increase in the mass of animals according to the first embodiment is oriented toward separate optimization of the diets according to the gain specified for each step of weight gain. In this case, the initial data for the calculation are the characteristics of the animal averaged over the “step” and the specified daily weight gain. In this case, optimization is performed according to the method of planning rations for individual dosed feeding of animals [Lukyanov BV, Lukyanov PB New information technology for optimizing diets for farm animals (CORAL computer programs): A training manual. - M.: Publishing House of the Russian State Authentic Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2009] using one of the criteria:

- maximum profit for a given productivity;

- maximum profitability for a given productivity;

- the minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity.

The second option is multi-step. In the absence of a requirement to provide a given incremental weight gain as an alternative to the first option, the following statement of the problem can serve: "To compose a series of diets that provide the required increase in animal mass for a given period of time at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." With this formulation, the ration optimization problem falls into the class of optimal control problems and is formulated as follows in the framework of the optimal control theory: “It is required to find such a feeding dynamics (control path) that the mass of the animal grows from the initial value m ₀ corresponding to time t ₀ , "to the required value m ₁ corresponding to a given point in time t ₁ with a minimum cost of feed."

Thus, the control object is an animal, the state of which is characterized by two phase variables: “mass” and “daily weight gain”. The control vector is the daily ration. For the quality functional, the cost of feed consumed per animal for the period of fattening is taken.

Time changes discretely, a quantum of time - 1 day. After reducing the problem to the standard form of problems in the theory of optimal control, the conditions of the problem are described as follows. The phase vector of the object is two-dimensional:

where x ¹ is the mass of the animal; x ² - daily weight gain.

The control is set by the feed diet vector:

where u ^k (t) is the mass of the k-th feed in the diet of the t-th day of fattening; m is the amount of feed ration.

The quality functional is described by the expression:

where J (u (t), x (t)) is the quality functional; C _race - the cost of the diet on the j-th day of fattening; j∈ [t ₀ , t ₁ ].

The problem is solved in the following sequence.

1. Estimated controllability of the object, ie the ability to perform the required fattening in a given period of time by the available feeds is checked. To assess the controllability of the object, a series of ration calculations is performed according to the criterion of “maximum productivity” for the fattening period with a discreteness of one day. If at the end of the period the required mass of the animal is not achieved, then it is concluded that the object is uncontrollable, and the initial data of the problem should be reviewed. If the required mass of the animal has been reached, it is concluded that the object is controllable. In this case, the control u ⁰ (t) and the trajectory x ⁰ (t) are remembered and the solution of the problem continues.

2. The optimal control path and the corresponding phase path of the object are determined. When growing and fattening animals when moving from t ₀ to t _1, payment for feed is reduced, since the mass of animals is growing and, accordingly, the proportion of the diet that goes to maintain their life increases. Therefore, in order to minimize feed consumption, weight gain at the end of the period should be made minimally acceptable from the point of view of preserving the health of animals and observing the technological conditions for their growth. Therefore, at this step of solving the problem to determine the optimal control path, a "reverse" calculation of the change in the mass of the animal is performed, when moving from t ₁ to t ₀ , according to the criterion of "minimum cost for a given productivity."

In FIG. 9 illustrates the sequence of solving the problem through the change in time of the mass of the animal (x ¹ (t)). Curve x ⁰¹ (t) represents the first step of the solution - an assessment of controllability. The curve x ¹ (t) corresponds to optimal control; the arrow indicates the direction of the sequence of calculations in determining the optimal control path. Calculation of rations according to the minimum increase begins at time t ₁ (point C) and continues until it intersects with the curve x ⁰¹ (t) (point B). On the VA plot, rations are calculated according to the maximum increase. The found rations determine the optimal control for fattening an animal with an initial mass x ¹ (t ₀ ) to the required mass x ¹ (t ₁ ) with a minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing rations for programmable animal growth can be carried out including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding pigs” [, E-mail:].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration that is close to economically the best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best when the animals and poultry are programmed, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, it contains a live signal generator for livestock 1, an intermediate control unit signals 2, the unit for setting signals of economically optimal feed doses 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs odes of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit 4, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the real feed dose 5 signal generator set are connected, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison circuit 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7 at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at max the minimum increase in live weight of livestock 10, the master of a simulated feed dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11, the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the initial stage of growing 12, the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the final stage cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and of course Step cultivation 16 shaper signal shutdown mode compute maximum weight gain and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum weight gain 17, the unit driven keys 18, Scheme coincidence signal 19, the block formers of control signals with the initial weight x ¹ (t ₀₎ to the desired weight x ¹ (t ₁ ) at the minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing rations for programmable animal growth can be carried out including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding pigs” [, E-mail:].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration that is close to economically the best and preparation of a feed mixture close to the economically best when the animals and poultry are programmed, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, it contains a live signal generator for livestock 1, an intermediate control unit signals 2, the unit for setting signals of economically optimal feed doses 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs odes of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit 4, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of the real feed dose 5 signal generator set are connected, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison circuit 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7 at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at max the minimum increase in live weight of livestock 10, the master of a simulated feed dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11, the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the initial stage of growing 12, the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the final stage cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and of course growing stages 16, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to a mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17, a block of controlled keys 18, a circuit for matching signals 19, a block of shapers of control signals (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20, a signal generator of the form optimization criterion 21, meter of the signal of the feed mixture 22, signal generator of the calculated dose of the feed mixture 23, meter of the signal of live weight of the animal or bird 24, the block of signal adjusters coefficient the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird 25, the signal generator of the value of the allowable decrease in criterion 26, while the output of the generator of the simulated signal of the livestock 9 is connected to the inputs of the generator of the simulated feed dose signal with a maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 and the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase live weight of livestock 11 and to the first input of the signal 19 matching circuit, the output of the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase mass of livestock 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock at the initial stage of growing 12 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the output of the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the signal calculator live weight of the livestock in the final stage of growing 14 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, yields a live live signal signal splitter in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a live weight signal computer calculator in the final rearing stage 14 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the live weight signal comparison circuit for livestock in the initial and final rearing stage 16, the output of which is through the mode shutter signal shaper calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight 17 is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit 19, to the third input which connects the output of the real-age signal generator of livestock 1, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block 18, the first and second inputs and corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, to the output of the signal processor optimal ration in the final stage of growing 15 and to the corresponding inputs of the block of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses 3, while the output of the block sensors of intermediate control signals 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the first output of the block of shapers of control signals (interface of the Decision-maker) 20 through the calculator of the calculated signal the dose of the feed mixture 23 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the transmitter of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing 15, the second output of a block of control signal former (Decision maker interface) 20 is connected to the fourth inputs of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 through a signal generator of the form of optimization criterion 21 a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing 15, the third output of the block of control signal conditioners (interface Person, Prin solution 20) through the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird 25 is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and the signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the first, second and third inputs the block of the shapers of the control signals (the interface of the Decision-maker) 20 are connected respectively to the outputs of the meter of the flow signal of the feed mixture 22, Ithel signal of live weight of the animal or bird 24 and the set point signal value 26 allowable reduction criterion.

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration close to the best economy and preparation of a feed close to the best food mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry, if there is information about their consumption of the feed mixture and their live weight, it performs the following known actions: setting the dose rate of the feed mixture depending on the type and livestock age, calculating the cost of the consumed feed depending on a given dose of feed mixture consumption, calculating the estimated cost the production of a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the age of the livestock, measuring and setting the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, comparing the measured and set values, adjusting the dosage of each feed from a set of feed mixtures according to the result of the comparison, the cost of each feed consumed from a set of feed mixtures, depending on the dose rate of the feed of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, calculate the signals of the dose doses of feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixtures, change the generated signals of the dose rate values of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture in the range from zero to the technologically permissible maximum value or to the really attainable resource value of the feed dose rate of this feed from the feed set in the feed mixture at the enterprise are determined, and depending on the value of the variable signal of the generated dose value the feed consumption from a set of feeds in the feed mixture, the total cost of the feed mixture consumption dose is calculated, upon receipt of the signal generated corresponding to the highest increase in profit of the fodder consumption dose rate value, the generated signals of the feed consumption dose rate values from the feed set in the feed mixture are stored for the time the signal of the generated feed mixture dose dose value changes in the range between the technologically permissible lowest and greatest given values, the measured value of the feed consumption dose from the feed set is compared with the stored value in feed mixtures and according to the comparison result, the dosage regimen of the feed ingredient from the feed set in the feed mixture is adjusted.

The device also performs the following new actions: calculates the estimated cost of production for a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the type of livestock, and additionally generates signals of the following diet efficiency indicators:

- a signal of profit provided by the diet, according to quantitative dependence

- a signal of the level of profitability of the diet

- a signal of a balanced diet

- сигнал стоимости продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - сигнал потерь, вызываемых дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - сигнал стоимости рациона,where PR is the signal of profit provided by the diet;

- a signal of the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - a signal of losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - a signal of the cost of the diet,

- also additionally correct the generated signals of the values of the dose rate of each feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, upon receipt - corresponding to the highest value of the profit signal provided by the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the profitability level of the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the balance of the diet - the signal of the generated dose value of the feed mixture - remember the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture for the time the signal changes the dose rate of the feed mixture in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values and, as a result of the comparison, additionally adjust the dosage regimen of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, at the same time set the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird, set the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live the mass of the animal or bird, depending on which they form a signal of live weight of the animal or bird in the initial stage of cultivation and form a signal economy identically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, specify a simulated signal of the feed mixture dose with a minimum increase in live weight of an animal or bird, depending on which a signal of live mass of an animal or bird in the final stage of cultivation is determined and a signal of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation is generated, signals are compared live weight of an animal or bird in the initial and final stages of rearing and depending on the result of the comparison, form a signal to disable the mode for calculating maxim The initial increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, the signal of the real age of the animal or bird is set, when the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird, the signal of the real age of the bird and the generated signal turn off the calculation mode of the maximum increase in live weight and go to the calculation mode minimum increase in live weight allow the choice for further control of the preparation of the economically best feed ration and preparation close to the economical The best fodder mixes for the programmed growth of animals and poultry of one of the two generated signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial or final stage of rearing, depending on one of these two formed signals, give signals close to the economically optimal feed doses, give signals of real feed doses, compare the given signals close to the economically optimal feed doses with the corresponding given signals of the real doses of feed and the result of the comparison is dosing um for their subsequent mixing into the feed mixture, then correction of the mixing of the feed doses is carried out and a feed mixture close to economically optimal is obtained with the programmed growth of animals and poultry, while the signal of the value of the allowable decrease in the criterion is set, when the value of the allowable decrease in the criterion of the signal of the formed dose value is received of the feed mixture feed remember the generated signals of the values of the doses of feed consumption from the set of feeds in the feed mixture for the time the signal changes the measured value of the feed mixture consumption dose in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum specified values, the feed mixture consumption signal for the current day of cultivation is also measured, it is compared with the previously specified signal of the calculated feed mixture for the current day of growing livestock or poultry obtained by the comparison signal additionally adjust the set value of the feed mixture signal on the next day of livestock cultivation and set the signal for the adjusted dose of feed si on the next day of raising animals and birds, also measure the signal of live weight of animals and birds for the current day of growing, compare it with the previously set signal of the estimated live weight of animals and birds on the current day of raising the livestock of animals or birds, the received signal of comparison additionally adjusts the set values the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of animals and birds on the next day of growing the livestock and set the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity animals and poultry on the next day of raising animals and birds.

The device (Fig. 13) works as follows. For example, consider the case of broiler poultry farming. In the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a signal is periodically changed from its lowest value to its highest value, corresponding to the range of bird ages from one day to 35 days of the usual term for growing modern broiler crosses. This is done to determine, in accordance with the program of growing birds in the entire range of its ages, the following values. These are the values of the daily feed dose when controlling the diet at the initial stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at a maximum increase in live weight of 10. The values of the daily feed dose when controlling the composition of the diet in the final stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose at a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11. In accordance with the obtained values of daily doses of feed mixture, the values of signals of live m ssy birds in the initial and final stages of cultivation, such as two mathematical models known in the productivity of broilers technological experiments to refine the broiler growth. These functions are performed by a poultry live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a poultry live weight signal calculator in the final stage of rearing 14. Also, in accordance with these values of daily doses of the feed mixture, when managing the diet in the initial and final stages of rearing, the ration of the optimal feed mixture is calculated. This is done by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and by means of a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15.

The comparison of the two values of the calculated productivity obtained at the same time occurs in the circuit for comparing livestock weight signals in the initial and final stages of rearing 16. At the output of this comparison circuit, a signal appears that is converted into a shaper of the shutdown signal for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and the transition to the calculation mode of the minimum increase in live weight 17. The resulting converted signal is fed to the first control input of the signal matching circuit 19 and the signal suggests that at this point in time of computer modeling of the process of compiling economically optimal rations, a transition to the mode of restricting bird feeding is possible. The second control input of the signal matching circuit 19 also provides the output signal of the master of the simulated livestock age signal 9, with a time period of its formation in this master. The frequency of formation of this simulation signal can be high enough so that the operator can timely and quickly enough evaluate the electronically simulated process of forming programmed productive growth of the bird and timely make its control corrections. The signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 sets the stroke time of the real production process. Its output signal is supplied to the third control input of the signal matching circuit 19 for practical comparison of the real-time course of the feeding process and the real growth of broilers with the course of the time-simulated process of programmed bird growth.

The more accurately the operator-practitioner chooses the coefficients of the loss functions by means of a technical solution in the form of an appropriate master, the more accurately the transition from feeding broilers to their limited feeding is performed in real time. At the time of the simultaneous appearance of a signal matching circuit 19 at all three control inputs, it generates its own output control signal for the block of controlled keys 18. This block is triggered, and the device provides further passage of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry rearing. As a result, the passage through this block of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of broiler growing is stopped and the passage through it of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry production begins. At this point in time, there is an automated transition from the regime of unlimited feeding of broilers, from the regime of feeding them ad libitum, to the regime of limited feeding of poultry. Starting from this point in time, the excessive overspending of the feed mixture with an economically optimal composition stops.

In FIG. 13 shows the relationship of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through a signal encoder of the form of optimization criterion 21. This fact provides economically optimal control over the compilation of the ration according to various optimization criteria. Also in FIG. 13 shows the connection of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the Decision Maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through the signal adjuster of the calculated dose of feed mixture 23, as well as a similar connection through the block of adjusters of signal coefficients functions of losses in the estimated productivity of an animal or bird 25. These two relationships show that there is a simultaneous control over the compilation of the ration by the doses of feed and the preparation of feed and on the needs of animals and birds with the measured body weight.

The structure and functions of the device have changed significantly and allow for close to optimal compilation of the diet of poultry feeding. The operation of the automation system for compiling feed ration rations consists mainly in using, for example, a programmable controller on which the feed mixture simulation is carried out as a control computing unit, in accordance with the description of FIG. 1, ... FIG. 13.

These indicated and other situations can also significantly affect the growth and development of the organism of farmed animals and birds, which will quickly manifest itself in a decrease in their productivity, namely, in a decrease in live weight compared to a previously calculated value. The lack of information about the real live weight of animals and birds would not have caused any changes in the operation of the programmed device for compiling rations according to the normal technology for raising animals and birds. This would mean the inconsistency of the feeding regime of the livestock under the calculated normal conditions and the required feeding regime in the current production situation. The real measured live weight began to differ from the normative live weight, according to which the diet was compiled. Therefore, these differences should be taken into account. The easiest way to do this is to use the functions of loss of productivity depending on the diet of the feed mixture and the corresponding block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird 25 of the device. The presence in the device of information about the live weight of animals and birds entering the block of control signal generators (interface of the Decision Maker) 20 from the meter of the live weight signal of the animal or bird. 24, allows you to automatically and with high accuracy to take into account the real daily increase in live weight of animals and birds.

The difference between the real daily gain in live weight of animals and poultry from the previously calculated daily gain is automatically taken into account when setting the coefficients of the productivity loss functions. It is also possible to automatically set these coefficients using a programmable control device or a human operator, i.e. specialist of the feed production workshop at a large livestock or poultry enterprise (Decision Maker). For example, if, for some technical and technological reasons, animals or birds began to lose their live weight, then the form of the loss functions should become steeper, i.e. the steepness of the loss functions should increase. This is achieved by a corresponding change in the coefficient "Slope" (see Fig. 10). After such a change, the feed mixture, which is close to the best economy, is recalculated on the next day of livestock rearing, taking into account the really increased loss of live weight by animals or birds. This, in turn, means that in accordance with the method of compiling a feed ration that is close to the economically best and preparing a feed mixture that is close to the economically best, when there is information about feed consumption and live weight of animals and poultry, a device for a new measured value of the consumed feed mixture and the live weight of animals and birds will automatically make up a new and, quite possibly, completely different diet. And this is also quite understandable: if the livestock began to be characterized by a new and different from the previously calculated value of live weight of animals and poultry by its value, then the new feed mixture diet should still fill the energy needs of the livestock. And this can be done by correcting the type of loss functions, which will lead to the automatic introduction of amendments to the feed mixture ration. Otherwise, if the value of live weight of animals and poultry is increased, the device will immediately correct the feed mixture ration on the next day of cultivation and at the same time saturate the diet with less energetically valuable feeds which have correspondingly lower cost. Thus, the presence in the method and device of information on the consumption of feed mixture and on live weight of animals and poultry can automatically or automatically meet the needs of the livestock in the previous estimated amount of feed mixture, while fulfilling the zootechnological requirements for its energy content. And at the same time, in automatic or automated mode, to make a diet close to economically optimal, taking into account the pricing of feed included in the feed mixture.

The functional capabilities of managing technologies for compiling animal and poultry rations and feed preparation are expanding, since this ensures close to economically optimal control of the technological regime and the actual preparation of feed mixtures taking into account the needs of the livestock and poultry. In an automated mode, a feed ration that is close to the economically best is prepared according to various optimization criteria and a feed mixture that is close to the economically best is prepared with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about the consumption of feed mixture and the live weight of animals and poultry. The accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed that is closest to the economically best feed mixture and live weight of animals and poultry is significantly increased to correspondingly increase the accuracy of control of feed preparation processes when there is information about the live weight of animals and poultry and their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of animal and poultry rearing .

The arsenal of technical equipment of a similar purpose is expanding, namely for compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry. Implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry is carried out.

Claims (1)

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, optimization of a feed ration close to the best cost and preparation of a feed mixture close to the best cost when the animals and poultry are programmed, if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture and their live weight, it contains a real-age live signal generator, an intermediate control signal generator unit , a unit of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs m of a block of circuits for comparing feed dose signal signals, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the outputs of a unit of signal setters for signals of real feed doses are connected, and the outputs of a block of circuits for comparing signal of doses of feed doses are connected to the corresponding inputs of a block of feed dispensers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which is formed an economically optimal feed mixture, characterized in that a device of a simulated signal of the livestock age, a generator of a simulated signal of a dose of feed mixture at the optimal increase in live weight of the livestock, the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial growing stage, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, signal calculator economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages cultivation, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum gain in live weight and transition to a mode of calculating the minimum gain of live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or the interface of a Decision Maker, a signal adjuster of the form of an optimization criterion, a meter of the feed mixture signal , a signal adjuster of a calculated feed mixture dose signal, an animal or poultry live-weight signal meter, a block of signal adjusters of the races loss functions even productivity of the animal or bird, the signal generator of the value of the allowable decrease in the criterion, while the output of the generator of the simulated signal of the age of the livestock is connected to the inputs of the generator of the simulated signal of the feed mixture at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the master of the simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first the input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to By combining the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the simulated feed dose signal generator with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator of the livestock in the final stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, outputs of a signal calculator of live weight of a livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock in the final stage of growing, respectively, are connected to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stage of growing, the output of which through the shaper of the signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and transition to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit, to the third input of which the output of the signal setter is connected the livestock age, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, and to the corresponding inputs of the unit for setting the signals of economically optimal doses of feed, while the output of the unit for setting intermediate control signals n with the connection of the second inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the first output of the control signal conditioner unit or the Decision maker’s interface is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the calculator through the signal generator of the estimated dose of the feed mixture signals of economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and calculator of signals of economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the second output of the block of control signal generators or the interface of the Decision Maker is connected through a signal generator of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the final growing stage, third the output of the block of drivers of control signals or the interface of the Decision Maker, through the block of signal setters, the coefficient in the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird, the first, second and third inputs of the block of control signal conditioners or the interface of the Decision Maker are connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation are connected respectively to the outputs of the meter for the signal of the feed mixture, the meter for the signal of live weight of an animal or bird and the signal generator the beginning of the allowable reduction of the criterion.

Images